Martyn Liadov
Encyclopedia
Martyn Nikolaevich Liadov (1872 - 1947) (pseudonym of Martyn Nikolaevich Mandel’shtam) was a Bolshevik
and Vperedist
.
Liadov was fist drawn to the populist Narodnik
movement in Moscow
in 1891. By 1893 he was involved in founding the Moscow Workers’ Union. Following his arrest in 1895 he was exiled to Verkhoiansk two years later. In 1902 he joined the Saratov
Committee of the SDLP. However he emigrated in 1903, and attended the Second Congress of the RSDLP, joining the Iskra
faction. The Central Committee of the party offered him a post following thee Congress and in 1904 he attended the meeting of 22 Bolsheviks in Geneva
where he was elected to the Bureau of the Committees of the Majority. He then attended the International Socialist Congress, Amsterdam 1904
as a Bolshevik delegate.
During the 1905 Revolution, Liadov fought at the barricades in Moscow and served as a member of the Moscow Committee of the RSDLP. He served as a delegate to the Third
, Fourth
, and Fifth
Party Congresses. Between 1909 and 1911 he sided with the Otzovisty faction, and moved to Baku
in 1911. In 1917 he was deputy chairman of the Baku Soviet and now sided with the Mensheviks. He took control of the newspaper Izvestiia Bakinskogo soveta. From 1918 to 1920 he was active in Georgia
, only returning to Moscow in 1920. He was then readmitted into the Bolshevik Party and served on the Supreme Council of the National Economy.
From 1923 to 1929 Liadov was rector of the Sverdlov Communist University. Then he headed Glavnauka, but in 1930 he was appointed director of the Archive of the October Revolution and served as a member of the academic boards of the Lenin Institute and of Istpart. He attended the Twelfth through Sixteenth Party Congresses, becoming a member of the Central Auditing Commission at the Fifteenth Party Congress. Liadov was also a candidate member of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Central Executive Committee of the USSR. His history of the party, first published in 1906-07 was reissued in 1923-26. Liadov retired with a special pension in 1932.
Bolshevik
The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists , derived from bol'shinstvo, "majority") were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903....
and Vperedist
Vpered
Vpered was an organisation within Russian Social Democracy set up by Alexander Bogdanov in December 1909. Alongside Bogdanov Anatoly Lunacharsky, Mikhail Pokrovsky, Grigory Aleksinsky, Stanislav Volski and Martyn Liadov, were involved in the breakaway group.-Rupture with Bolshevism:The group...
.
Liadov was fist drawn to the populist Narodnik
Narodnik
Narodniks was the name for Russian socially conscious members of the middle class in the 1860s and 1870s. Their ideas and actions were known as Narodnichestvo which can be translated as "Peopleism", though is more commonly rendered "populism"...
movement in Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
in 1891. By 1893 he was involved in founding the Moscow Workers’ Union. Following his arrest in 1895 he was exiled to Verkhoiansk two years later. In 1902 he joined the Saratov
Saratov
-Modern Saratov:The Saratov region is highly industrialized, due in part to the rich in natural and industrial resources of the area. The region is also one of the more important and largest cultural and scientific centres in Russia...
Committee of the SDLP. However he emigrated in 1903, and attended the Second Congress of the RSDLP, joining the Iskra
Iskra
Iskra was a political newspaper of Russian socialist emigrants established as the official organ of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. Initially, it was managed by Vladimir Lenin, moving as he moved. The first edition was published in Stuttgart on December 1, 1900. Other editions were...
faction. The Central Committee of the party offered him a post following thee Congress and in 1904 he attended the meeting of 22 Bolsheviks in Geneva
Geneva
Geneva In the national languages of Switzerland the city is known as Genf , Ginevra and Genevra is the second-most-populous city in Switzerland and is the most populous city of Romandie, the French-speaking part of Switzerland...
where he was elected to the Bureau of the Committees of the Majority. He then attended the International Socialist Congress, Amsterdam 1904
International Socialist Congress, Amsterdam 1904
The International Socialist Congress, Amsterdam 1904 was the Sixth Congress of the Second International It was held from 14 to 18 August 1904.The Congress was held in the Gebow, Amsterdam....
as a Bolshevik delegate.
During the 1905 Revolution, Liadov fought at the barricades in Moscow and served as a member of the Moscow Committee of the RSDLP. He served as a delegate to the Third
Third
Third may refer to:*3 , such as the 3rd of something -see also Ordinal number *Fraction , such as 1/3*1/60 of a second, or 1/3,600 of a minute *Third World, economically underdeveloped nations...
, Fourth
Fourth
Fourth can refer to:* ¼, one quarter* Fourth, the ordinal number following third* Preceded by the, refers to the United States holiday of Independence Day, celebrated on the fourth of July.-Music:* Perfect fourth in music theory...
, and Fifth
Fifth
Fifth is the ordinal form of the number five.Fifth may refer to:* Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution, as in the expression "Pleading the Fifth"* Fifth column - a political term...
Party Congresses. Between 1909 and 1911 he sided with the Otzovisty faction, and moved to Baku
Baku
Baku , sometimes spelled as Baki or Bakou, is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and of the Caucasus region. It is located on the southern shore of the Absheron Peninsula, which projects into the Caspian Sea. The city consists of two principal...
in 1911. In 1917 he was deputy chairman of the Baku Soviet and now sided with the Mensheviks. He took control of the newspaper Izvestiia Bakinskogo soveta. From 1918 to 1920 he was active in Georgia
Georgia (country)
Georgia is a sovereign state in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the southwest by Turkey, to the south by Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. The capital of...
, only returning to Moscow in 1920. He was then readmitted into the Bolshevik Party and served on the Supreme Council of the National Economy.
From 1923 to 1929 Liadov was rector of the Sverdlov Communist University. Then he headed Glavnauka, but in 1930 he was appointed director of the Archive of the October Revolution and served as a member of the academic boards of the Lenin Institute and of Istpart. He attended the Twelfth through Sixteenth Party Congresses, becoming a member of the Central Auditing Commission at the Fifteenth Party Congress. Liadov was also a candidate member of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Central Executive Committee of the USSR. His history of the party, first published in 1906-07 was reissued in 1923-26. Liadov retired with a special pension in 1932.