Marx-Lenin-Luxemburg Front
Encyclopedia
The Marx-Lenin-Luxemburg-Front was a resistance movement founded by Henk Sneevliet
, Willem Dolleman and Ab Menist, some months after the German invasion of the Netherlands
on 10 May 1940. It lasted until April 1942, when the entire leadership was arrested by the Germans, who executed them on 12 April of the same year.
The Marx-Lenin-Luxemburg-Front, or MLL-Front, was the clandestine successor to Sneevliet's political party, the Revolutionair-Socialistische Arbeiderspartij
(RSAP), which had been disbanded immediately after the German invasion, when Sneevliet had to go into hiding to avoid arrest.
The MLL-Front was largely active as a propaganda group and had its own magazine, Spartacus, which had a printrun of 5,000 copies and appeared bi-weekly. It was particularly active against the anti-Jewish measures taken by the Nazis
and participated in the 1941 February strike
against these measures.
With the arrest and execution of its leadership in April 1942, the MLL-front split into two on political differences, into the Comite van Revolutionaire Marxisten (Committee of Revolutionary Marxists) and the Communistenbond Spartacus (Communist League Spartacus). These were far less influential than the MLL-Front was.
The MLL-front was one of the first, if not the first major resistance group to start up in the Netherlands in World War II
. At its peak, it may have had some 500 members. Its bi-weekly publication Spartacus with a printrun of 5,000 was one of the most influential underground newspapers of the first part of the war; the total printrun of the underground press at this time has been estimated to be about 55,000.
Henk Sneevliet
Hendricus Josephus Franciscus Marie Sneevliet, known as Henk Sneevliet or the pseudonym Maring , was a Dutch Communist, who was active in both the Netherlands and the Dutch East-Indies...
, Willem Dolleman and Ab Menist, some months after the German invasion of the Netherlands
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
on 10 May 1940. It lasted until April 1942, when the entire leadership was arrested by the Germans, who executed them on 12 April of the same year.
The Marx-Lenin-Luxemburg-Front, or MLL-Front, was the clandestine successor to Sneevliet's political party, the Revolutionair-Socialistische Arbeiderspartij
Revolutionary Socialist Party (Netherlands)
The Revolutionary Socialist Party was a Dutch socialist political party.-Predecessors:The oldest predecessor of the Revolutionary Socialist Party is the Revolutionary Socialist Union , a group of dissidents from the Communist Party Holland led by Henk Sneevliet...
(RSAP), which had been disbanded immediately after the German invasion, when Sneevliet had to go into hiding to avoid arrest.
The MLL-Front was largely active as a propaganda group and had its own magazine, Spartacus, which had a printrun of 5,000 copies and appeared bi-weekly. It was particularly active against the anti-Jewish measures taken by the Nazis
Nazism
Nazism, the common short form name of National Socialism was the ideology and practice of the Nazi Party and of Nazi Germany...
and participated in the 1941 February strike
February strike
The 1941 February Strike, also known as 'The Strike of February 1941', was a general strike organized during World War II in the Netherlands against the anti-Jewish measures and activities of the Nazis. Its direct causes were the pogroms held by the Germans in the Jewish neighbourhood of Amsterdam....
against these measures.
With the arrest and execution of its leadership in April 1942, the MLL-front split into two on political differences, into the Comite van Revolutionaire Marxisten (Committee of Revolutionary Marxists) and the Communistenbond Spartacus (Communist League Spartacus). These were far less influential than the MLL-Front was.
The MLL-front was one of the first, if not the first major resistance group to start up in the Netherlands in World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
. At its peak, it may have had some 500 members. Its bi-weekly publication Spartacus with a printrun of 5,000 was one of the most influential underground newspapers of the first part of the war; the total printrun of the underground press at this time has been estimated to be about 55,000.