Maryam Bayramalibeyova
Encyclopedia
Maryam Teymur qizi Bayramalibeyova (Azeri
: Məryəm Bayraməlibəyova) (1898, Lankaran
– 1987, Baku
) was an Azerbaijan
i social activist and feminist.
and his wife Shirin (née Talyshinskaya), a Russian
-educated Talysh-Azerbaijani who translated a number works by classical Russian writers
into Azeri
and was famous for promoting Russian culture
in Lankaran
and the neighbouring regions. In 1906 Maryam Bayramalibeyova was accepted to the Empress Alexandra Russian Muslim Boarding School for Girls in Baku
and 7 years later, to Saint Nina's Secondary Boarding School. In 1917, she graduated from Saint Nina's with honours and was admitted to study medicine at Moscow State University
. However after the October Revolution
, being a daughter of an upper-middle class literatus Bayramalibeyova considered her life to be in danger and returned to Lankaran (eventually she did manage to get a post-secondary education receiving an Honours B.A. in law
from Baku State University
later in 1931). In her native city in 1917, she established the first all-girls secular school (named Uns) in the entire uyezd
(administrative unit in Czarist Russia) with the help of Teymur Bayramalibeyov, and became its first principal. The Bayramalibeyovs visited many families in Lankaran encouraging them to send their daughters to Uns. The courses were taught in the Russian language. In order to promote the arts, Maryam Bayramalibeyova organized drama, choir, and musical clubs in the school, which apparently was a success as two of her students later became prominent Azerbaijani actresses and one became a renowned mugham
singer. In 1919, Bayramalibeyova founded the Lankaran Women's Charity Association.
region Maryam Bayramalibeyova sent a letter to the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
-appointed Governor-General of Lankaran, Javad Malik-Yeganov
asking him to protect the school from the mischievous soldiers of the pro-Denikin army. During his visit to the school Malik-Yeganov and Bayramalibeyova met personally and despite the 20-year difference in age, they got married in 1920 and had three daughters: Azera, Taliya and Asiman.
, Maryam Bayramalibeyova (then principle of a secondary school in Baku) she was chosen to represent Azerbaijan in the First All-Soviet Teachers Conference. While studying law at Baku State University she also translated works of Azerbaijani poets into Russian. In 1933, Bayramalibeyova's husband was arrested being suspected in being affiliated with the Musavat Party (ruling political party in the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan in 1918–1920), and the family did not see him again. Five years later Bayramalibeyova herself was arrested on the same charge even though she never officially belonged to Musavat, and was forced to abandon her three children who would be looked after by their grandmother. She was sent in exile to a correctional camp in Arkhangelsk
, northern Russia
, where she performed hard physical labour; however due to her rich educational background was promoted to the position of a bookkeeper. When in the early 1940s she started losing her sight, she was sent to the Butyrka prison
in Moscow
under pretence of being provided medical help due to her condition. The help was never provided and soon she was shipped back to Arkhangelsk, and later to Karaganda
, Kazakhstan
. In 1948 having served her term, Maryam Bayramalibeyova, now practically blind, returned to Baku but was no longer able to continue her social work. In 1956, she was officially exonerated and in 1964 was granted a pension from the government.
Azerbaijani language
Azerbaijani or Azeri or Torki is a language belonging to the Turkic language family, spoken in southwestern Asia by the Azerbaijani people, primarily in Azerbaijan and northwestern Iran...
: Məryəm Bayraməlibəyova) (1898, Lankaran
Lankaran
-History:The city was built on a swamp along the northern bank of the river bearing the city's name. There are remains of human settlements in the area dating back to the Neolithic period as well as ruins of fortified villages from the Bronze and Iron Ages. Lankaran's history is rather recent,...
– 1987, Baku
Baku
Baku , sometimes spelled as Baki or Bakou, is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and of the Caucasus region. It is located on the southern shore of the Absheron Peninsula, which projects into the Caspian Sea. The city consists of two principal...
) was an Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan is the largest country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to...
i social activist and feminist.
Early life
Maryam Bayramalibeyova was the daughter of Azerbaijani historian and journalist Teymur BayramalibeyovTeymur Bayramalibeyov
Teymur bey Bayramalibeyov was an Azerbaijani historian, teacher, and journalist.-Life:Teymur bey Bayramalibeyov was born to a noble family in the village of Yeddioymag in the present-day Masalli rayon of Azerbaijan but spent most of his life in Lankaran...
and his wife Shirin (née Talyshinskaya), a Russian
Russian language
Russian is a Slavic language used primarily in Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. It is an unofficial but widely spoken language in Ukraine, Moldova, Latvia, Turkmenistan and Estonia and, to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics...
-educated Talysh-Azerbaijani who translated a number works by classical Russian writers
Russian literature
Russian literature refers to the literature of Russia or its émigrés, and to the Russian-language literature of several independent nations once a part of what was historically Russia or the Soviet Union...
into Azeri
Azerbaijani language
Azerbaijani or Azeri or Torki is a language belonging to the Turkic language family, spoken in southwestern Asia by the Azerbaijani people, primarily in Azerbaijan and northwestern Iran...
and was famous for promoting Russian culture
Russian culture
Russian culture is associated with the country of Russia and, sometimes, specifically with ethnic Russians. It has a rich history and can boast a long tradition of excellence in every aspect of the arts, especially when it comes to literature and philosophy, classical music and ballet, architecture...
in Lankaran
Lankaran
-History:The city was built on a swamp along the northern bank of the river bearing the city's name. There are remains of human settlements in the area dating back to the Neolithic period as well as ruins of fortified villages from the Bronze and Iron Ages. Lankaran's history is rather recent,...
and the neighbouring regions. In 1906 Maryam Bayramalibeyova was accepted to the Empress Alexandra Russian Muslim Boarding School for Girls in Baku
Baku
Baku , sometimes spelled as Baki or Bakou, is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and of the Caucasus region. It is located on the southern shore of the Absheron Peninsula, which projects into the Caspian Sea. The city consists of two principal...
and 7 years later, to Saint Nina's Secondary Boarding School. In 1917, she graduated from Saint Nina's with honours and was admitted to study medicine at Moscow State University
Moscow Medical Academy
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University is the oldest and the largest national medical higher educational institution in the Russian Federation. For more than 250 years I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, previous name - I.M. Sechenov First Moscow Institute of...
. However after the October Revolution
October Revolution
The October Revolution , also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution , Red October, the October Uprising or the Bolshevik Revolution, was a political revolution and a part of the Russian Revolution of 1917...
, being a daughter of an upper-middle class literatus Bayramalibeyova considered her life to be in danger and returned to Lankaran (eventually she did manage to get a post-secondary education receiving an Honours B.A. in law
Law
Law is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior, wherever possible. It shapes politics, economics and society in numerous ways and serves as a social mediator of relations between people. Contract law regulates everything from buying a bus...
from Baku State University
Baku State University
Baku State University is a public university located in Baku, Azerbaijan. Established in 1919 by the Parliament of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, the University started with faculties of history and philology; physics and mathematics; law and medicine with an initial enrollment of 1094...
later in 1931). In her native city in 1917, she established the first all-girls secular school (named Uns) in the entire uyezd
Uyezd
Uyezd or uezd was an administrative subdivision of Rus', Muscovy, Russian Empire, and the early Russian SFSR which was in use from the 13th century. Uyezds for most of the history in Russia were a secondary-level of administrative division...
(administrative unit in Czarist Russia) with the help of Teymur Bayramalibeyov, and became its first principal. The Bayramalibeyovs visited many families in Lankaran encouraging them to send their daughters to Uns. The courses were taught in the Russian language. In order to promote the arts, Maryam Bayramalibeyova organized drama, choir, and musical clubs in the school, which apparently was a success as two of her students later became prominent Azerbaijani actresses and one became a renowned mugham
Mugham
Mugam also known as Azerbaijani Mugham is one of the many folk musical compositions from Azerbaijan, contrast with Tasnif, Ashugs. Mugam draws on Iranian-Arabic-Turkish Maqam....
singer. In 1919, Bayramalibeyova founded the Lankaran Women's Charity Association.
Personal life
During the period of political instability in the TalyshTalysh
Talysh may refer to:*Talysh people*Talysh language*Talysh Khanate*Talysh-Mughan Autonomous Republic - a self-declared autonomy, which existed briefly in the south of Azerbaijan in 1993*Talysh Mountains*Talış, Agsu, Azerbaijan*Talış, Hajigabul, Azerbaijan...
region Maryam Bayramalibeyova sent a letter to the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
Azerbaijan Democratic Republic
The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was the first successful attempt to establish a democratic and secular republic in the Muslim world . The ADR was founded on May 28, 1918 after the collapse of the Russian Empire that began with the Russian Revolution of 1917 by Azerbaijani National Council in...
-appointed Governor-General of Lankaran, Javad Malik-Yeganov
Javad Malik-Yeganov
Javad Irzabey oglu Malik-Yeganov was an Azerbaijani politician and Governor-General of Lankaran during Azerbaijan's independence in 1918–1920.-Early life:...
asking him to protect the school from the mischievous soldiers of the pro-Denikin army. During his visit to the school Malik-Yeganov and Bayramalibeyova met personally and despite the 20-year difference in age, they got married in 1920 and had three daughters: Azera, Taliya and Asiman.
Life in Soviet Azerbaijan
In 1925, four years after moving to BakuBaku
Baku , sometimes spelled as Baki or Bakou, is the capital and largest city of Azerbaijan, as well as the largest city on the Caspian Sea and of the Caucasus region. It is located on the southern shore of the Absheron Peninsula, which projects into the Caspian Sea. The city consists of two principal...
, Maryam Bayramalibeyova (then principle of a secondary school in Baku) she was chosen to represent Azerbaijan in the First All-Soviet Teachers Conference. While studying law at Baku State University she also translated works of Azerbaijani poets into Russian. In 1933, Bayramalibeyova's husband was arrested being suspected in being affiliated with the Musavat Party (ruling political party in the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan in 1918–1920), and the family did not see him again. Five years later Bayramalibeyova herself was arrested on the same charge even though she never officially belonged to Musavat, and was forced to abandon her three children who would be looked after by their grandmother. She was sent in exile to a correctional camp in Arkhangelsk
Arkhangelsk
Arkhangelsk , formerly known as Archangel in English, is a city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. It lies on both banks of the Northern Dvina River near its exit into the White Sea in the north of European Russia. The city spreads for over along the banks of the river...
, northern Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
, where she performed hard physical labour; however due to her rich educational background was promoted to the position of a bookkeeper. When in the early 1940s she started losing her sight, she was sent to the Butyrka prison
Butyrka prison
Butyrka prison was the central transit prison in pre-Revolutionary Russia, located in Moscow.The first references to Butyrka prison may be traced back to the 17th century. The present prison building was erected in 1879 near the Butyrsk gate on the site of a prison-fortress which had been built...
in Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
under pretence of being provided medical help due to her condition. The help was never provided and soon she was shipped back to Arkhangelsk, and later to Karaganda
Karaganda
Karagandy , more commonly known by its Russian name Karaganda, , is the capital of Karagandy Province in Kazakhstan. It is the fourth most populous city in Kazakhstan, behind Almaty , Astana and Shymkent, with a population of 471,800 . In the 1940s up to 70% of the city's inhabitants were ethnic...
, Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of is greater than Western Europe...
. In 1948 having served her term, Maryam Bayramalibeyova, now practically blind, returned to Baku but was no longer able to continue her social work. In 1956, she was officially exonerated and in 1964 was granted a pension from the government.