Master of Music
Encyclopedia
The Master of Music is the first graduate degree
in Music
awarded by universities and music conservatories. The M.Mus. combines advanced studies in an applied area of specialization (usually music performance, composition, or conducting) with graduate-level academic study in subjects such as music history
, music theory
, or music pedagogy
. The degree, which takes one or two years of full-time study to complete, prepares students to be professional performers, conductors, and composers. The M.Mus. is often required as the minimum teaching credential for university, college, and conservatory instrumental or vocal teaching positions.
, the only fully online program at this level. The music education degree may also be awarded as a more specifically titled Master of Music Education. The Master's degree in music theory, musicology, and ethnomusicology is typically the Master of Arts
(M.A.). Nevertheless, some universities in the UK (e.g. Sheffield University) utilise the M.Mus. as a special research degree.
Some programs additionally require a sub-specialization in a cognate area within music, such as music history or performance practice, which contributes to their area of specialization. For example, a student doing an M.Mus. in Baroque violin might do a sub-specialization in Baroque music history. Some institutions permit M.Mus. students to do a sub-specialization in a field outside music that contributes to their professional and academic goals. For example, a student completing a M.Mus. in piano pedagogy
may be able to do a sub-specialization in the psychology of learning in the university's department of psychology
.
In some schools, students are required to give a lecture for one or both of the recitals, in which they explain the historical context or music theory or compositional issues involved in the piece or pieces. This approach, called a "lecture-recital", is designed to give students experience explaining and contextualizing the pieces that they perform. This skill is important for performers, because many performers also teach or coach students, and some will go on to become professors at universities, where they may be required to give regular lectures on music history, theory, or composition.
Some M.Mus. programs require students to pass comprehensive exams on their area of specialization and on subjects such as music history and music theory. The goal of this exam is to ensure that the student has obtained a well-rounded knowledge and understanding of music that extends beyond their specialization (e.g., performance). Since the M.Mus. is the standard minimum credential to teach applied subjects (performance or composition) at universities and conservatories, it is important that M.Mus. graduates have this broader understanding of music history and theory.
M.Mus. programs in performance usually require an audition that includes advanced pieces from a wide range of styles. Admission to M.Mus. programs in conducting often requires a video recording of a live rehearsals and performances as a pre-screening element. Composition programs usually require the submission of a portfolio of compositions, including scores and recordings of live performances.
Other recipients of the M.Mus. may go on to further graduate studies in music by continuing their M.Mus. specialization in performance or conducting at the doctoral level, by completing a DMA
(Doctor of Musical Arts) degree in those areas. Some students branch out to another area of music at the PhD level, such as musicology or music theory. While PhD programs in musicology and music theory normally require an MA in music, in some cases, students with a M.Mus. in performance or composition who show strong promise may be conditionally admitted to PhD programs in musicology or music theory.
As well, some recipients of the M.Mus. degree may go on to do graduate work in another area in which music is a supporting field, such as an Ed.D. in music education (e.g., specializing in music instruction) or a Master's degree in Library Science, in order to become a music reference librarian.
Academic degree
An academic degree is a position and title within a college or university that is usually awarded in recognition of the recipient having either satisfactorily completed a prescribed course of study or having conducted a scholarly endeavour deemed worthy of his or her admission to the degree...
in Music
Music
Music is an art form whose medium is sound and silence. Its common elements are pitch , rhythm , dynamics, and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture...
awarded by universities and music conservatories. The M.Mus. combines advanced studies in an applied area of specialization (usually music performance, composition, or conducting) with graduate-level academic study in subjects such as music history
Music history
Music history, sometimes called historical musicology, is the highly diverse subfield of the broader discipline of musicology that studies the composition, performance, reception, and criticism of music over time...
, music theory
Music theory
Music theory is the study of how music works. It examines the language and notation of music. It seeks to identify patterns and structures in composers' techniques across or within genres, styles, or historical periods...
, or music pedagogy
Pedagogy
Pedagogy is the study of being a teacher or the process of teaching. The term generally refers to strategies of instruction, or a style of instruction....
. The degree, which takes one or two years of full-time study to complete, prepares students to be professional performers, conductors, and composers. The M.Mus. is often required as the minimum teaching credential for university, college, and conservatory instrumental or vocal teaching positions.
Types
The M.Mus.is widely available in performance (sometimes with a specialization in pedagogy and/or literature), composition, conducting, and music education. In 2005, Boston University launched an online Master of Music program in music educationMusic education
Music education is a field of study associated with the teaching and learning of music. It touches on all domains of learning, including the psychomotor domain , the cognitive domain , and, in particular and significant ways,the affective domain, including music appreciation and sensitivity...
, the only fully online program at this level. The music education degree may also be awarded as a more specifically titled Master of Music Education. The Master's degree in music theory, musicology, and ethnomusicology is typically the Master of Arts
Master of Arts (postgraduate)
A Master of Arts from the Latin Magister Artium, is a type of Master's degree awarded by universities in many countries. The M.A. is usually contrasted with the M.S. or M.Sc. degrees...
(M.A.). Nevertheless, some universities in the UK (e.g. Sheffield University) utilise the M.Mus. as a special research degree.
Applied studies and courses
M.Mus. students typically complete applied studies, such as lessons or mentoring with a professor, and take courses within their area of specialization. In many M.Mus. programs, all of the different M.Mus. streams (e.g., performance, composition, conducting) take a common core of music theory and music history courses.Some programs additionally require a sub-specialization in a cognate area within music, such as music history or performance practice, which contributes to their area of specialization. For example, a student doing an M.Mus. in Baroque violin might do a sub-specialization in Baroque music history. Some institutions permit M.Mus. students to do a sub-specialization in a field outside music that contributes to their professional and academic goals. For example, a student completing a M.Mus. in piano pedagogy
Pedagogy
Pedagogy is the study of being a teacher or the process of teaching. The term generally refers to strategies of instruction, or a style of instruction....
may be able to do a sub-specialization in the psychology of learning in the university's department of psychology
Psychology
Psychology is the study of the mind and behavior. Its immediate goal is to understand individuals and groups by both establishing general principles and researching specific cases. For many, the ultimate goal of psychology is to benefit society...
.
Recitals and comprehensive exams
The last stage of the M.Mus. degree is usually the performance of one or two recitals and the completion of comprehensive exams. Most programs require that the recitals include advanced-grade pieces that are drawn from the different eras of music history, such as Baroque-era solo suites (late 17th century to mid-18th century); Classical-era (mid-to late 18th century) sonata or concerto; a Romantic-era (19th century) concerto or solo; and a Contemporary era (20th and 21st century) The specific components of the recital vary between schools. Some programs allow students to include chamber music pieces, in which the student plays as part of a group, for some of the pieces.In some schools, students are required to give a lecture for one or both of the recitals, in which they explain the historical context or music theory or compositional issues involved in the piece or pieces. This approach, called a "lecture-recital", is designed to give students experience explaining and contextualizing the pieces that they perform. This skill is important for performers, because many performers also teach or coach students, and some will go on to become professors at universities, where they may be required to give regular lectures on music history, theory, or composition.
Some M.Mus. programs require students to pass comprehensive exams on their area of specialization and on subjects such as music history and music theory. The goal of this exam is to ensure that the student has obtained a well-rounded knowledge and understanding of music that extends beyond their specialization (e.g., performance). Since the M.Mus. is the standard minimum credential to teach applied subjects (performance or composition) at universities and conservatories, it is important that M.Mus. graduates have this broader understanding of music history and theory.
Admission requirements
To be admitted to a M.Mus. degree program, most institutions require an undergraduate degree or diploma in music, such as a B.Mus. degree or a B.A. degree with a major in music, usually with a grade average of "B+" or higher.M.Mus. programs in performance usually require an audition that includes advanced pieces from a wide range of styles. Admission to M.Mus. programs in conducting often requires a video recording of a live rehearsals and performances as a pre-screening element. Composition programs usually require the submission of a portfolio of compositions, including scores and recordings of live performances.
Careers
The M.Mus degree is usually undertaken to prepare students to be professional performers, conductors, and composers; as such many recipients of the M.Mus. degree do not seek further formal education after they complete the M.Mus. The M.Mus. is the credential that allows them to teach instrumental or vocal performance at universities, colleges, and conservatories. Some graduates do additional graduate or professional study in other areas, such as a law degree or medical degree. Recipients of the M.Mus. may also make use of the general education provided in the degree (e.g., in writing and researching) to get a job in government, university administration, or in the non-profit or arts administration sector.Other recipients of the M.Mus. may go on to further graduate studies in music by continuing their M.Mus. specialization in performance or conducting at the doctoral level, by completing a DMA
Doctor of Musical Arts
The Doctor of Musical Arts degree is a doctoral academic degree in music. The D.M.A. combines advanced studies in an applied area of specialization with graduate-level academic study in subjects such as music history, music theory, or music pedagogy. The D.M.A...
(Doctor of Musical Arts) degree in those areas. Some students branch out to another area of music at the PhD level, such as musicology or music theory. While PhD programs in musicology and music theory normally require an MA in music, in some cases, students with a M.Mus. in performance or composition who show strong promise may be conditionally admitted to PhD programs in musicology or music theory.
As well, some recipients of the M.Mus. degree may go on to do graduate work in another area in which music is a supporting field, such as an Ed.D. in music education (e.g., specializing in music instruction) or a Master's degree in Library Science, in order to become a music reference librarian.