Methanol (data page)
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Material Safety Data Sheet



The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS
Material safety data sheet
A Material Safety Data Sheet is a form with data regarding the properties of a particular substance....

) for this chemical from a reliable source such as SIRI, and follow its directions. MSDS is available at J.T. Baker.

Structure and properties


Structure and properties
Index of refraction, nD 1.328 at 20°C
Dielectric constant
Dielectric constant
The relative permittivity of a material under given conditions reflects the extent to which it concentrates electrostatic lines of flux. In technical terms, it is the ratio of the amount of electrical energy stored in a material by an applied voltage, relative to that stored in a vacuum...

, εr
32.66 at 20°C
Bond strength ?
Bond length
Bond length
- Explanation :Bond length is related to bond order, when more electrons participate in bond formation the bond will get shorter. Bond length is also inversely related to bond strength and the bond dissociation energy, as a stronger bond will be shorter...

?
Bond angle all 109.5°
Magnetic susceptibility
Magnetic susceptibility
In electromagnetism, the magnetic susceptibility \chi_m is a dimensionless proportionality constant that indicates the degree of magnetization of a material in response to an applied magnetic field...

5.3×10−7 cm3·g−1
Surface tension
Surface tension
Surface tension is a property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force. It is revealed, for example, in floating of some objects on the surface of water, even though they are denser than water, and in the ability of some insects to run on the water surface...

22.5 dyn/cm at 20°C
Viscosity
Viscosity
Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid which is being deformed by either shear or tensile stress. In everyday terms , viscosity is "thickness" or "internal friction". Thus, water is "thin", having a lower viscosity, while honey is "thick", having a higher viscosity...

0.808 mPa·s at 0°C
0.690 mPa·s at 10°C
0.593 mPa·s at 20°C
0.449 mPa·s at 40°C
0.349 mPa·s at 60°C

Thermodynamic properties


Phase behavior
Triple point
Triple point
In thermodynamics, the triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which the three phases of that substance coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium...

175.5 K (−97.7 °C), ? Pa
Critical point
Critical point (thermodynamics)
In physical chemistry, thermodynamics, chemistry and condensed matter physics, a critical point, also called a critical state, specifies the conditions at which a phase boundary ceases to exist...

513 K (240 °C), 78.5 bar
Std enthalpy change
of fusion, ΔfusHo
3.215 kJ/mol
Std entropy change
of fusion
Standard entropy change of fusion
The entropy of fusion is the increase in entropy when melting a substance. This is always positive since the degree of disorder increases in the transition from an organized crystalline solid to the disorganized structure of a liquid...

, ΔfusSo
? J/(mol·K)
Std enthalpy change
of vaporization
Standard enthalpy change of vaporization
The enthalpy of vaporization, , also known as the heat of vaporization or heat of evaporation, is the energy required to transform a given quantity of a substance into a gas at a given pressure .It is often measured at the normal boiling point of a substance; although tabulated values are usually...

, ΔvapHo
+35.278 kJ/mol
Std entropy change
of vaporization
Standard entropy change of vaporization
The entropy of vaporization is the increase in entropy when vaporizing a substance. This is always positive since the degree of disorder increases in the transition from an organized crystalline solid or a slightly less organized liquid to the extremely disorganized structure of a gas...

, ΔvapSo
? J/(mol·K)
Solid properties
Std enthalpy change
of formation
Standard enthalpy change of formation
The standard enthalpy of formation or standard heat of formation of a compound is the change of enthalpy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a substance in its standard state from its constituent elements in their standard states...

, ΔfHosolid
? kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy
Standard molar entropy
In chemistry, the standard molar entropy is the entropy content of one mole of substance, under standard conditions ....

,
Sosolid
? J/(mol K)
Heat capacity
Heat capacity
Heat capacity , or thermal capacity, is the measurable physical quantity that characterizes the amount of heat required to change a substance's temperature by a given amount...

, cp
? J/(mol K)
Liquid properties
Std enthalpy change
of formation
Standard enthalpy change of formation
The standard enthalpy of formation or standard heat of formation of a compound is the change of enthalpy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a substance in its standard state from its constituent elements in their standard states...

, ΔfHoliquid
−238.4 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy
Standard molar entropy
In chemistry, the standard molar entropy is the entropy content of one mole of substance, under standard conditions ....

,
Soliquid
127.2 J/(mol K)
Enthalpy of combustion ΔcHo –715.0 kJ/mol
Heat capacity
Heat capacity
Heat capacity , or thermal capacity, is the measurable physical quantity that characterizes the amount of heat required to change a substance's temperature by a given amount...

, cp
79.5 J/(mol K)
Gas properties
Std enthalpy change
of formation
Standard enthalpy change of formation
The standard enthalpy of formation or standard heat of formation of a compound is the change of enthalpy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of a substance in its standard state from its constituent elements in their standard states...

, ΔfHogas
−-101 kJ/mol
Standard molar entropy
Standard molar entropy
In chemistry, the standard molar entropy is the entropy content of one mole of substance, under standard conditions ....

,
Sogas
239.9 J/(mol K)
Heat capacity
Heat capacity
Heat capacity , or thermal capacity, is the measurable physical quantity that characterizes the amount of heat required to change a substance's temperature by a given amount...

, cp
52.29 J/(mol K) at 77°C
61.43 J/(mol K) at 100-223°C
Heat capacity ratio
Heat capacity ratio
The heat capacity ratio or adiabatic index or ratio of specific heats, is the ratio of the heat capacity at constant pressure to heat capacity at constant volume . It is sometimes also known as the isentropic expansion factor and is denoted by \gamma or \kappa . The latter symbol kappa is...

,
γ = cp/cv
1.203 at 77°C
van der Waals' constants
Van der Waals equation
The van der Waals equation is an equation of state for a fluid composed of particles that have a non-zero volume and a pairwise attractive inter-particle force It was derived by Johannes Diderik van der Waals in 1873, who received the Nobel prize in 1910 for "his work on the equation of state for...

a = 964.9 L2 kPa/mol2
b = 0.06702 liter per mole

Spectral data


UV-Vis
λmax
205
Year 205 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Aurelius and Geta...

? nm
Nanometre
A nanometre is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one billionth of a metre. The name combines the SI prefix nano- with the parent unit name metre .The nanometre is often used to express dimensions on the atomic scale: the diameter...

Extinction coefficient
Molar absorptivity
The molar absorption coefficient, molar extinction coefficient, or molar absorptivity, is a measurement of how strongly a chemical species absorbs light at a given wavelength...

, ε
?
IR
Infrared
Infrared light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength longer than that of visible light, measured from the nominal edge of visible red light at 0.74 micrometres , and extending conventionally to 300 µm...

Major absorption bands
(liquid film)
Wave number transmittance
3347 cm−1 6%
3336 cm−1 8%
2945 cm−1 18%
2833 cm−1 22%
2522 cm−1 77%
2046 cm−1 84%
1460 cm−1 47%
1116 cm−1 62%
1030 cm−1 4%
662 cm−1 58%
NMR
NMR spectroscopy
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy, is a research technique that exploits the magnetic properties of certain atomic nuclei to determine physical and chemical properties of atoms or the molecules in which they are contained...

Proton NMR
Proton NMR
Proton NMR is the application of nuclear magnetic resonance in NMR spectroscopy with respect to hydrogen-1 nuclei within the molecules of a substance, in order to determine the structure of its molecules. In samples where natural hydrogen is used, practically all of the hydrogen consists of the...

 
3.97 ppm, 3.417 ppm
Carbon-13 NMR
Carbon-13 NMR
Carbon-13 NMR is the application of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to carbon. It is analogous to proton NMR and allows the identification of carbon atoms in an organic molecule just as proton NMR identifies hydrogen atoms...

 
50.05 ppm
Other NMR data  
MS
Mass spectrometry
Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique that measures the mass-to-charge ratio of charged particles.It is used for determining masses of particles, for determining the elemental composition of a sample or molecule, and for elucidating the chemical structures of molecules, such as peptides and...

Masses of
main fragments
 

Vapor pressure of liquid

EWLINE
P in mm Hg 1 10 40 100 400 760 1520 3800 7600 15200 30400 45600
T in °C –44.0 –16.2 5.0 21.2 49.9 64.7 84.0 112.5 138.0 167.8 203.5 224.0


Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed.



As the formula above appears to have a typo in it (it may be 1473-11.3), here is a similar formula from the 67th edition of the CRC handbook. Note that the form of this formula as given is a fit to the Clausius-Clapeyron equation, which is a good theoretical starting point for calculating saturation vapor pressures:
log10(P) = -(0.05223)a/T + b, where P is in mmHg, T is in kelvins, a = 38324, and b = 8.8017.


Properties of aqueous methanol solutions

Data obtained from Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 10th ed. and CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed. The annotation, d a°C/b°C, indicates density of solution at temperature a divided by density of pure water at temperature b known as specific gravity. When temperature b is 4°C, density of water is 0.999972 g/mL.
% wt
methanol
% vol
methanol
d 15.6°C/4°C d 0°C/4°C d 10°C/4°C d 20°C/4°C freezing
temp °C
0 0 0.99908 0.99984 0.99970 0.99820 0.0
1 1.25 0.99728 0.9981 0.9980 0.9965
2 2.50 0.99543 0.9963 0.9962 0.9943
3 3.75 0.99370 0.9946 0.9945 0.9931
3.9 5 0.9938 –2.2
4 4.99 0.99198 0.9930 0.9929 0.9914
5 6.22 0.99029 0.9914 0.9912 0.9896
6 7.45 0.98864 0.9899 0.9896 0.9880
7 8.68 0.98701 0.9884 0.9881 0.9863
8 9.91 0.98547 0.9870 0.9865 0.9847
8.1 10 0.9872 –5.0
9 11.13 0.98547 0.9856 0.9849 0.9831
10 12.35 0.98241 0.9842 0.9834 0.9815
11 13.56 0.98093 0.9829 0.9820 0.9799
12 14.77 0.97945 0.9816 0.9805 0.9784
12.2 15 0.9810 –8.3
13 15.98 0.97802 0.9804 0.9791 0.9768
14 17.18 0.97660 0.9792 0.9778 0.9754
15 18.38 0.97518 0.9780 0.9764 0.9740
16 19.58 0.97377 0.9769 0.9751 0.9725
16.4 20 0.975 –11.7
17 20.77 0.97237 0.9758 0.9739 0.9710
18 21.96 0.97096 0.9747 0.9726 0.9696
19 23.15 0.96955 0.9736 0.9713 0.9681
20 24.33 0.96814 0.9725 0.9700 0.9666
20.6 25 0.968 –15.6
21 25.51 0.96673 0.9714 0.9687 0.9651
22 26.69 0.96533 0.9702 0.9673 0.9636
23 27.86 0.96392 0.9690 0.9660 0.9622
24 29.03 0.96251 0.9678 0.9646 0.9607
24.9 30 0.964 –20.0
25 30.19 0.96108 0.9666 0.9632 0.9592
26 31.35 0.95963 0.9654 0.9628 0.9576
27 32.51 0.95817 0.9642 0.9604 0.9562
28 33.66 0.95668 0.9629 0.9590 0.9546
29 34.81 0.95518 0.9616 0.9575 0.9531
29.2 35 0.957 –25.0
30 35.95 0.95366 0.9604 0.9560 0.9515
31 37.09 0.95213 0.9590 0.9546 0.9499
32 38.22 0.95056 0.9576 0.9531 0.9483
33 39.35 0.94896 0.9563 0.9516 0.9466
33.6 40 0.950 –30.0
34 40.48 0.94734 0.9549 0.9500 0.9450
35 41.59 0.94570 0.9534 0.9484 0.9433
36 42.71 0.94404 0.9520 0.9469 0.9416
37 43.82 0.94237 0.9505 0.9453 0.9398
38 44.92 0.94067 0.9490 0.9437 0.9381 –35.6
39 46.02 0.93894 0.9475 0.9420 0.9363
40 47.11 0.93720 0.9459 0.9403 0.9345
41 48.20 0.93543 0.9443 0.9387 0.9327
42 49.28 0.93365 0.9427 0.9370 0.9309
43 50.35 0.93185 0.9411 0.9352 0.9290
44 51.42 0.93001 0.9395 0.9334 0.9272
45 52.49 0.92815 0.9377 0.9316 0.9252
46 53.54 0.92627 0.9360 0.9298 0.9234
47 54.60 0.92436 0.9342 0.9279 0.9214
48 55.64 0.92242 0.9324 0.9260 0.9196
49 56.68 0.92048 0.9306 0.9240 0.9176
50 57.71 0.91852 0.9287 0.9221 0.9156
51 58.74 0.91653 0.9269 0.9202 0.9135
52 59.76 0.91451 0.9250 0.9182 0.9114
53 60.77 0.91248 0.9230 0.9162 0.9094
54 61.78 0.91044 0.9211 0.9142 0.9073
55 62.78 0.90839 0.9191 0.9122 0.9052
56 63.78 0.90631 0.9172 0.9101 0.9032
57 64.77 0.90421 0.9151 0.9080 0.9010
58 65.75 0.90210 0.9131 0.9060 0.8988
59 66.73 0.89996 0.9111 0.9039 0.8968
60 67.69 0.89781 0.9090 0.9018 0.8946
61 68.65 0.89563 0.9068 0.8998 0.8924
62 69.61 0.89341 0.9046 0.8977 0.8902
63 70.55 0.89117 0.9024 0.8955 0.8879
64 71.49 0.88890 0.9002 0.8933 0.8856
65 72.42 0.88662 0.8980 0.8911 0.8834
66 73.34 0.88433 0.8958 0.8888 0.8811
67 74.26 0.88203 0.8935 0.8865 0.8787
68 75.17 0.87971 0.8913 0.8842 0.8763
69 76.08 0.87739 0.8891 0.8818 0.8738
70 76.98 0.87507 0.8869 0.8794 0.8715
71 77.86 0.87271 0.8847 0.8770 0.8690
72 78.75 0.87033 0.8824 0.8747 0.8665
73 79.62 0.86792 0.8801 0.8724 0.8641
74 80.48 0.86546 0.8778 0.8699 0.8616
75 81.34 0.86300 0.8754 0.8676 0.8592
76 82.18 0.86051 0.8729 0.8651 0.8567
77 83.02 0.85801 0.8705 0.8626 0.8542
78 83.86 0.85551 0.8680 0.8602 0.8518
79 84.68 0.85300 0.8657 0.8577 0.8494
80 85.50 0.85048 0.8634 0.8551 0.8469
81 86.31 0.84794 0.8610 0.8527 0.8446
82 87.11 0.84536 0.8585 0.8501 0.8420
83 87.90 0.84274 0.8560 0.8475 0.8394
84 88.68 0.84009 0.8535 0.8449 0.8366
85 89.45 0.83742 0.8510 0.8422 0.8340
86 90.21 0.83475 0.8483 0.8394 0.8314
87 90.97 0.83207 0.8456 0.8367 0.8286
88 91.72 0.82937 0.8428 0.8340 0.8258
89 92.46 0.82667 0.8400 0.8314 0.8230
90 93.19 0.82396 0.8374 0.8287 0.8202
91 93.92 0.82124 0.8347 0.8261 0.8174
92 94.63 0.81849 0.8320 0.8234 0.8146
93 95.33 0.81568 0.8293 0.8208 0.8118
94 96.02 0.81285 0.8266 0.8180 0.8090
95 96.70 0.80999 0.8240 0.8152 0.8062
96 97.37 0.80713 0.8212 0.8124 0.8034
97 98.04 0.80428 0.8186 0.8096 0.8005
98 98.70 0.80143 0.8158 0.8068 0.7976
99 99.35 0.79859 0.8130 0.8040 0.7948
100 100 0.79577 0.8102 0.8009 0.7917 –97.8
% wt
methanol
% vol
methanol
d 15.6°C/4°C d 0°C/4°C d 10°C/4°C d 20°C/4°C freezing
temp °C

Distillation data

EWLINE
Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium
of Methanol/Water

P = 760 mm Hg; T = 72.4°C - 100.0°C
BP
Temp.
°C
% by mole methanol
liquid vapor
100.00 0.0 0.0
99.25 0.5840 4.5705
96.9 1.2 11.4
95.7 2.6 15.7
92.2 5.0 29.3
90.15 7.38 36.65
87.5 10.2 43.0
86.50 11.76 48.55
84.8 14.0 51.4
84.3 15.0 52.2
82.9 17.5 56.0
81.5 20.0 59.0
78.0 30.0 67.5
75.4 40.0 73.5
73.7 47.3 76.5
72.6 52.6 79.4
72.4 54.0 80.1
    EWLINE
Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium
of Methanol/Water

P = 760 mm Hg; T = 64.6°C - 72.0°C
BP
Temp.
°C
% by mole methanol
liquid vapor
72.0 56.5 80.5
71.5 58.5 81.6
71.4 60.0 83.1
70.6 66.2 85.7
69.9 67.5 86.5
69.6 70.0 87.4
69.1 71.4 87.8
67.8 80.0 91.8
66.9 85.0 93.0
66.50 88.08 94.17
66.2 89.0 95.6
66.1 90.0 96.1
65.7 92.0 96.5
65.4 95.0 98.1
64.95 96.57 95.69
64.70 98.71 97.78
64.6 100.0 100.0
    EWLINE
Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium
of Methanol/Ethanol

P = 760 mm Hg
BP
Temp.
°C
% by mole methanol
liquid vapor
78.3 0.0 0.0
76.6 13.4 18.3
75.0 24.2 32.6
73.6 32.0 42.8
72.3 40.1 52.9
71.7 43.5 56.6
70.0 54.2 67.6
68.6 65.2 75.9
67.7 72.8 81.3
66.9 79.0 85.8
66.6 81.4 87.5
65.8 87.3 91.9
65.6 91.0 93.7
64.6 100.0 100.0

External links

Except where noted otherwise, data relate to standard ambient temperature and pressure.
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