Michael Clyne
Encyclopedia
Michael George Clyne, AM
, FAHA, FASSA
(12 October 1939 – 29 October 2010) was an Australia
n linguist
, academic and intellectual. He was a scholar in various fields of linguistics, including sociolinguistics, pragmatics, bilingualism and multilingualism, second language learning, contact linguistics and intercultural communication. He was a fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia
, the Australian Academy of the Humanities
, and the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences.
and Caulfield Grammar School
, Clyne studied for his Bachelor and Master of Arts degrees at the University of Melbourne
, focusing on Germanic
and French
languages. He undertook further graduate studies in German and general linguistics at Utrecht
and Bonn
Universities, before joining the German language faculty at Monash University
in Melbourne
in 1962. He earned a Ph.D.
from Monash in 1965, and was a Professor of Linguistics at the University from 1988 to 2001. In 2001 he became a professorial fellow of linguistics at Melbourne University and director of the university's Research Unit for Multilingualism and Cross-Cultural Communication.
Clyne was on the editorial board of at least 13 international journals. He was a Visiting Professor of Linguistics at the Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg
and the University of Stuttgart
. He spoke fluent English
, German
and Dutch
, and had also studied French, Italian
, Swedish
and Norwegian
.
He was made a Member of the Order of Australia
on 13 June 1993 "in recognition of service to education, particularly in the field of linguistics." He was awarded an honorary doctorate from the Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich
, as well as the Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and the Arts 1st cl., German Cross of Merit 1st cl., Foreign Member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences, Centenary of Federation Medal, Inaugural Vice Chancellor’s Award for Postgraduate Supervision (Monash University), 1999 Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm Prize (international German Studies prize), and Humboldt Research Prize.
Clyne was the son of Dr Johannes Jacob Clyne and Edith Cecily Clyne. He married Irene Donohue in 1977, and they had a daughter Joanna.
Order of Australia
The Order of Australia is an order of chivalry established on 14 February 1975 by Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia, "for the purpose of according recognition to Australian citizens and other persons for achievement or for meritorious service"...
, FAHA, FASSA
Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia
The Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia is an autonomous, non-governmental organisation, devoted to the advancement of knowledge and research in the social sciences. It was established in 1971...
(12 October 1939 – 29 October 2010) was an Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
n linguist
Linguistics
Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. Linguistics can be broadly broken into three categories or subfields of study: language form, language meaning, and language in context....
, academic and intellectual. He was a scholar in various fields of linguistics, including sociolinguistics, pragmatics, bilingualism and multilingualism, second language learning, contact linguistics and intercultural communication. He was a fellow of the Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia
Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia
The Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia is an autonomous, non-governmental organisation, devoted to the advancement of knowledge and research in the social sciences. It was established in 1971...
, the Australian Academy of the Humanities
Australian Academy of the Humanities
The Australian Academy of the Humanities was established by Royal Charter in 1969 to advance scholarship and public interest in the humanities in Australia...
, and the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences.
Biography
Educated at Christ Church Grammar SchoolChrist Church Grammar School
Christ Church Grammar School is an independent, Anglican day and boarding school for boys from Pre-Primary to Year 12. Located in Perth, Western Australia, the school overlooks the Swan River at Freshwater Bay in Claremont....
and Caulfield Grammar School
Caulfield Grammar School
Caulfield Grammar School is an independent, co-educational, Anglican, day and boarding school, located in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. Founded in 1881 as a boys' school, Caulfield began admitting girls exactly one hundred years later...
, Clyne studied for his Bachelor and Master of Arts degrees at the University of Melbourne
University of Melbourne
The University of Melbourne is a public university located in Melbourne, Victoria. Founded in 1853, it is the second oldest university in Australia and the oldest in Victoria...
, focusing on Germanic
Germanic languages
The Germanic languages constitute a sub-branch of the Indo-European language family. The common ancestor of all of the languages in this branch is called Proto-Germanic , which was spoken in approximately the mid-1st millennium BC in Iron Age northern Europe...
and French
French language
French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...
languages. He undertook further graduate studies in German and general linguistics at Utrecht
Utrecht University
Utrecht University is a university in Utrecht, Netherlands. It is one of the oldest universities in the Netherlands and one of the largest in Europe. Established March 26, 1636, it had an enrollment of 29,082 students in 2008, and employed 8,614 faculty and staff, 570 of which are full professors....
and Bonn
University of Bonn
The University of Bonn is a public research university located in Bonn, Germany. Founded in its present form in 1818, as the linear successor of earlier academic institutions, the University of Bonn is today one of the leading universities in Germany. The University of Bonn offers a large number...
Universities, before joining the German language faculty at Monash University
Monash University
Monash University is a public university based in Melbourne, Victoria. It was founded in 1958 and is the second oldest university in the state. Monash is a member of Australia's Group of Eight and the ASAIHL....
in Melbourne
Melbourne
Melbourne is the capital and most populous city in the state of Victoria, and the second most populous city in Australia. The Melbourne City Centre is the hub of the greater metropolitan area and the Census statistical division—of which "Melbourne" is the common name. As of June 2009, the greater...
in 1962. He earned a Ph.D.
Doctor of Philosophy
Doctor of Philosophy, abbreviated as Ph.D., PhD, D.Phil., or DPhil , in English-speaking countries, is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities...
from Monash in 1965, and was a Professor of Linguistics at the University from 1988 to 2001. In 2001 he became a professorial fellow of linguistics at Melbourne University and director of the university's Research Unit for Multilingualism and Cross-Cultural Communication.
Clyne was on the editorial board of at least 13 international journals. He was a Visiting Professor of Linguistics at the Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg
Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg
The Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg is a public research university located in Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Founded in 1386, it is the oldest university in Germany and was the third university established in the Holy Roman Empire. Heidelberg has been a coeducational institution...
and the University of Stuttgart
University of Stuttgart
The University of Stuttgart is a university located in Stuttgart, Germany. It was founded in 1829 and is organized in 10 faculties....
. He spoke fluent English
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
, German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
and Dutch
Dutch language
Dutch is a West Germanic language and the native language of the majority of the population of the Netherlands, Belgium, and Suriname, the three member states of the Dutch Language Union. Most speakers live in the European Union, where it is a first language for about 23 million and a second...
, and had also studied French, Italian
Italian language
Italian is a Romance language spoken mainly in Europe: Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City, by minorities in Malta, Monaco, Croatia, Slovenia, France, Libya, Eritrea, and Somalia, and by immigrant communities in the Americas and Australia...
, Swedish
Swedish language
Swedish is a North Germanic language, spoken by approximately 10 million people, predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland, especially along its coast and on the Åland islands. It is largely mutually intelligible with Norwegian and Danish...
and Norwegian
Norwegian language
Norwegian is a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Norway, where it is the official language. Together with Swedish and Danish, Norwegian forms a continuum of more or less mutually intelligible local and regional variants .These Scandinavian languages together with the Faroese language...
.
He was made a Member of the Order of Australia
Order of Australia
The Order of Australia is an order of chivalry established on 14 February 1975 by Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia, "for the purpose of according recognition to Australian citizens and other persons for achievement or for meritorious service"...
on 13 June 1993 "in recognition of service to education, particularly in the field of linguistics." He was awarded an honorary doctorate from the Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich
Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich
The Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich , commonly known as the University of Munich or LMU, is a university in Munich, Germany...
, as well as the Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and the Arts 1st cl., German Cross of Merit 1st cl., Foreign Member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences, Centenary of Federation Medal, Inaugural Vice Chancellor’s Award for Postgraduate Supervision (Monash University), 1999 Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm Prize (international German Studies prize), and Humboldt Research Prize.
Clyne was the son of Dr Johannes Jacob Clyne and Edith Cecily Clyne. He married Irene Donohue in 1977, and they had a daughter Joanna.
Publications
Clyne has published numerous books and articles (28 authored, co-authored and edited books and over 300 articles and book chapters) of research in areas of linguistics, particularly in the field of bilingualism. The books include Language and Society in the German-speaking Countries (Cambridge University Press (CUP), 1984), and its sequel The German Language in a Changing Europe (CUP, 1995), Community Languages The Australian experience (CUP 1991), Pluricentric Languages (ed, Mouton de Gruyter, 1992), Inter-Cultural Communication at Work (CUP, 1994), Undoing and Redoing Corpus Planning (ed, Mouton de Gruyter, 1997), Dynamics of Language Contact (CUP 2003), and Australia's Language Potential (University of New South Wales Press, 2005).Books
- 1965 R. Taeni and M.G. Clyne, Efficient German. Macmillan, Melbourne and London. pp. xv + 260. (2nd edition, 1970. pp. xv + 271: 3rd edition, 1981. pp. v + 299.)
- 1967 Transference and Triggering. Nijhoff, The Hague. pp. xix + 148.
- 1972 Perspectives on Language Contact. Hawthorn Press, Melbourne. pp. 138.
- 1975 Forschungsbericht Sprachkontakt. Scriptor, Kronberg. pp. vi + 266.
- 1976 (ed.) Australia Talks: Essays on Australian Immigrant and Aboriginal Languages. Series D, No. 23. Pacific Linguistics, ANU, Canberra. pp. 244.
- 1981 Deutsch als Muttersprache in Australien. Franz Steiner Verlag, Wiesbaden. pp. 122.
- 1981 (ed.) Foreigner Talk. (= International Journal of the Sociology of Language 28) Mouton, The Hague. pp. 115.
- 1982 Multilingual Australia. River Seine, Melbourne. pp. x + 178. (2nd Edition, 1985. pp. x + 184.)
- 1983 S. Manton, J. McKay and M. Clyne, English Language Learning Needs of Adult Migrants in the Western Suburbs of Melbourne. (= Studies in Adult Migrant Education 1.) Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra. pp. x + 144.
- 1984 Language and Society in the German-speaking Countries. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York. pp. xiii + 205.
- 1985 (ed.) Australia, Meeting Place of Languages. (= Series C, No. 92). Pacific Linguistics, ANU Canberra. pp. v + 328.
- 1986a (ed.) An Early Start: Second Language at the Primary School. River Seine, Melbourne. pp. 160.
- 1986b (ed.) J.A. Fishman, A. Tabouret-Keller, M. Clyne, B. Krishnamurti and M. Abdulaziz, The Fergusonian Impact. Vol. I, From Phonology to Society. pp. xv + 545. Vol. II, Sociolinguistics and the Sociology of Language. Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin. pp. xv + 598.
- 1991a Community Languages: The Australian Experience. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. pp. viii + 294.
- 1991b (ed.) Linguistics in Australia: Trends in Research. Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia, Canberra. pp. vi + 210.
- 1992 (ed.) Pluricentric Languages: Differing Norms in Different Nations. Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin. pp. vi + 481.
- 1993a H. Nicholas, H. Moore, M. Clyne, and A. Pauwels, Languages at the Crossroads. NLLIA, Melbourne. pp. xvi + 280.
- 1993b S. Fernandez, A. Pauwels, and M. Clyne, Unlocking Australia's Potential. Vol. 4: German. DEET/NLLIA, Canberra. pp. xi + 132.
- 1994 Inter-Cultural Communication at Work: Discourse Structures across Cultures. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. pp. x + 250. Paperback 1996.
- 1995a M. Clyne, C. Jenkins, I. Chen, R. Tsokalidou and T. Wallner, Developing Second Language From Primary School. NLLIA., Canberra. pp. 232.
- 1995b S. Kipp, M. Clyne and A. Pauwels, Immigration and Australia's Language Resources. AGPS, Canberra. pp. xvi + 168.
- 1995c The German Language in a Changing Europe. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. pp. xv + 269.
- 1997a (ed.) Undoing and redoing corpus planning. Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin. pp. viii + 516.
- 1997b M. Clyne, S. Fernandez, I.Y. Chen and R. Summo-O'Connell, Background Speakers. Language Australia, Canberra. pp. iii + 177.
- 1999 M. Clyne and S. Kipp, Pluricentric Languages in an Immigrant Context: Spanish, Chinese, Arabic. Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin. pp. xxi + 360.
- 2003 Dynamics of Language Contact. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. pp. xv +282.
- 2005 Australia's Language Potential. University of New South Wales Press, Sydney. pp. xii + 208.
- 2006 M. Clyne and S. Kipp, Tiles in a Multilingual Mosaic: Macedonian, Somali and Filipino in Melbourne. Pacific Linguistics, Canberra.