Mid-level practitioner
Encyclopedia
The term mid-level practitioner is an identifier used by the United States
Drug Enforcement Administration
(DEA) to monitor and control the diversion
of controlled substances in the U.S. It is based on Title 21
, Code of Federal Regulations
, Section 1300.01(b28).
, Certified Nurse-Midwives
, Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists
, clinical nurse specialists
, Doctors of Oriental Medicine
, euthanasia technicians
, homeopathic physicians
, medical psychologists
, naturopathic physicians
, nursing homes
, optometrists
, pharmacists
, and physician assistants
who are licensed, registered, or otherwise permitted to dispense a controlled substance in the course of professional practice.
In contrast, according to the DEA, a practitioner is a physician
, dentist
, veterinarian
, or podiatrist, who is "licensed, registered, or otherwise permitted by the United States or the jurisdiction in which he/she practices, to prescribe a controlled substance in the course of professional practice."
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
Drug Enforcement Administration
Drug Enforcement Administration
The Drug Enforcement Administration is a federal law enforcement agency under the United States Department of Justice, tasked with combating drug smuggling and use within the United States...
(DEA) to monitor and control the diversion
Drug diversion
In the terminology of the United States Drug Enforcement Administration, diversion is the use of prescription drugs for recreational purposes. The term comes from the "diverting" of the drugs from their original purposes...
of controlled substances in the U.S. It is based on Title 21
Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations
Title 21 is the portion of the Code of Federal Regulations that governs food and drugs within the United States for the Food and Drug Administration , the Drug Enforcement Administration , and the Office of National Drug Control Policy ....
, Code of Federal Regulations
Code of Federal Regulations
The Code of Federal Regulations is the codification of the general and permanent rules and regulations published in the Federal Register by the executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government of the United States.The CFR is published by the Office of the Federal Register, an agency...
, Section 1300.01(b28).
Definitions
The DEA classification of mid-level practitioner includes nurse practitionersNurse practitioner
A Nurse Practitioner is an Advanced practice registered nurse who has completed graduate-level education . Additional APRN roles include the Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist s, CNMs, and CNSs...
, Certified Nurse-Midwives
Nurse midwife
In the United States, a Certified Nurse-Midwife is an Advanced Practice Nurse who has specialized education and training in both Nursing and Midwifery. CNM's function as primary healthcare providers for women and most often provide medical care for relatively healthy women, whose birth is...
, Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists
Nurse anesthetist
A nurse anesthetist is a nurse who specializes in the administration of anesthesia.In the United States, a Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist is an advanced practice registered nurse who has acquired graduate-level education and board certification in anesthesia...
, clinical nurse specialists
Clinical nurse specialist
A clinical nurse specialist is an advanced practice registered nurse, with graduate preparation from a program that prepares CNSs. According to the APRN Consensus Model for Regulation "The CNS serves a unique APRN role in integrating care across the continuum and through three spheres of...
, Doctors of Oriental Medicine
Traditional Chinese medicine
Traditional Chinese Medicine refers to a broad range of medicine practices sharing common theoretical concepts which have been developed in China and are based on a tradition of more than 2,000 years, including various forms of herbal medicine, acupuncture, massage , exercise , and dietary therapy...
, euthanasia technicians
Animal euthanasia
Animal euthanasia is the act of putting to death painlessly or allowing to die, as by withholding extreme medical measures, an animal suffering from an incurable, especially a painful, disease or condition. Euthanasia methods are designed to cause minimal pain and distress...
, homeopathic physicians
Homeopathy
Homeopathy is a form of alternative medicine in which practitioners claim to treat patients using highly diluted preparations that are believed to cause healthy people to exhibit symptoms that are similar to those exhibited by the patient...
, medical psychologists
Medical psychology
Medical psychology is a very broad field and has been defined in various ways. The Academy of Medical Psychology's definition applies to both the practices of consultation and prescribing in Medical Psychology, when allowed by statutes...
, naturopathic physicians
Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine
Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine , in 16 U.S. states and six Canadian provinces refers exclusively to a medical degree granted by an accredited naturopathic medical school...
, nursing homes
Nursing home
A nursing home, convalescent home, skilled nursing unit , care home, rest home, or old people's home provides a type of care of residents: it is a place of residence for people who require constant nursing care and have significant deficiencies with activities of daily living...
, optometrists
Optometry
Optometry is a health care profession concerned with eyes and related structures, as well as vision, visual systems, and vision information processing in humans. Optometrists, or Doctors of Optometry, are state licensed medical professionals trained to prescribe and fit lenses to improve vision,...
, pharmacists
Pharmacist
Pharmacists are allied health professionals who practice in pharmacy, the field of health sciences focusing on safe and effective medication use...
, and physician assistants
Physician assistant
A physician assistant/associate ' is a healthcare professional trained and licensed to practice medicine with limited supervision by a physician.-General description:...
who are licensed, registered, or otherwise permitted to dispense a controlled substance in the course of professional practice.
In contrast, according to the DEA, a practitioner is a physician
Physician
A physician is a health care provider who practices the profession of medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments...
, dentist
Dentist
A dentist, also known as a 'dental surgeon', is a doctor that specializes in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases and conditions of the oral cavity. The dentist's supporting team aides in providing oral health services...
, veterinarian
Veterinarian
A veterinary physician, colloquially called a vet, shortened from veterinarian or veterinary surgeon , is a professional who treats disease, disorder and injury in animals....
, or podiatrist, who is "licensed, registered, or otherwise permitted by the United States or the jurisdiction in which he/she practices, to prescribe a controlled substance in the course of professional practice."
Non-Physician Practitioner
An Non-Physician Practitioner (NPP) in the Emergency Department is defined by Medicare as either a nurse practitioner or a physician assistant. Medicare will pay for emergency department services for specific NPPs, i.e., nurse practitioners and physician assistants, when these services meet the critical care services definition and requirements.Controversy
The American Academy of Nurse Practitioners released a position paper in 2009 denouncing the use of the terms "mid-level provider," "physician extenders," "limited license providers," "non-physician providers," and "allied health providers" when referring to nurse practitioners. The American Academy of Nurse Practitioners prefers that nurse practitioners are referred to as "independently licensed providers," "primary-care providers," "health-care professionals," and "clinicians."See Also
- nurse practitionersNurse practitionerA Nurse Practitioner is an Advanced practice registered nurse who has completed graduate-level education . Additional APRN roles include the Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist s, CNMs, and CNSs...
- Certified Nurse-MidwivesNurse midwifeIn the United States, a Certified Nurse-Midwife is an Advanced Practice Nurse who has specialized education and training in both Nursing and Midwifery. CNM's function as primary healthcare providers for women and most often provide medical care for relatively healthy women, whose birth is...
- Certified Registered Nurse AnesthetistsNurse anesthetistA nurse anesthetist is a nurse who specializes in the administration of anesthesia.In the United States, a Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist is an advanced practice registered nurse who has acquired graduate-level education and board certification in anesthesia...
- clinical nurse specialistsClinical nurse specialistA clinical nurse specialist is an advanced practice registered nurse, with graduate preparation from a program that prepares CNSs. According to the APRN Consensus Model for Regulation "The CNS serves a unique APRN role in integrating care across the continuum and through three spheres of...
- Doctors of Oriental MedicineTraditional Chinese medicineTraditional Chinese Medicine refers to a broad range of medicine practices sharing common theoretical concepts which have been developed in China and are based on a tradition of more than 2,000 years, including various forms of herbal medicine, acupuncture, massage , exercise , and dietary therapy...
- euthanasia techniciansAnimal euthanasiaAnimal euthanasia is the act of putting to death painlessly or allowing to die, as by withholding extreme medical measures, an animal suffering from an incurable, especially a painful, disease or condition. Euthanasia methods are designed to cause minimal pain and distress...
- homeopathic physiciansHomeopathyHomeopathy is a form of alternative medicine in which practitioners claim to treat patients using highly diluted preparations that are believed to cause healthy people to exhibit symptoms that are similar to those exhibited by the patient...
- medical psychologistsMedical psychologyMedical psychology is a very broad field and has been defined in various ways. The Academy of Medical Psychology's definition applies to both the practices of consultation and prescribing in Medical Psychology, when allowed by statutes...
- naturopathic physiciansDoctor of Naturopathic MedicineDoctor of Naturopathic Medicine , in 16 U.S. states and six Canadian provinces refers exclusively to a medical degree granted by an accredited naturopathic medical school...
- nursing homesNursing homeA nursing home, convalescent home, skilled nursing unit , care home, rest home, or old people's home provides a type of care of residents: it is a place of residence for people who require constant nursing care and have significant deficiencies with activities of daily living...
- optometristsOptometryOptometry is a health care profession concerned with eyes and related structures, as well as vision, visual systems, and vision information processing in humans. Optometrists, or Doctors of Optometry, are state licensed medical professionals trained to prescribe and fit lenses to improve vision,...
- pharmacistsPharmacistPharmacists are allied health professionals who practice in pharmacy, the field of health sciences focusing on safe and effective medication use...
- physician assistantsPhysician assistantA physician assistant/associate ' is a healthcare professional trained and licensed to practice medicine with limited supervision by a physician.-General description:...