Mikhail Bakhirev
Encyclopedia
Mikhail Koronatovitsch Bakhirev (17 July 1868 Novocherkassk
– 16 January 1920 Petrograd) was a Russia
n Naval officer and Admiral.
Bakhirev was born into a Don Cossack family near Novocherkassk. His father was a sotnik
in the cossacks of the Imperial Russian Army.
He joined in 1888 as a cadet in the Navy
and was on the gunboat Bobr the Far Eastern Fleet. In January 1898 he was transferred to the Baltic Fleet
, but only a year later, he returned to the Far East. During the Boxer Rebellion
he commanded the gunboat Gilyaks.
During the Russo-Japanese War
In 1904/05 he commanded Port Arthur
torpedo boat Silny. Bakhirev participated in the defense of Port Arthur. Despite many casualties in the most difficult situations, he managed to impose calm and discipline.
Between 1911 and 1914 he was commander of the armoured cruiser Rurik.
and commanded the Baltic Fleet's cruiser squadron. Between December 19, 1915 to May 23, 1917 he exercised command of the battleship squadron of the Baltic Fleet
.
Two years later he was promoted to the rank of Vice-Admiral and the following year (August 21, 1917) he became chief of the naval forces in the Gulf of Riga
(see Operation Albion
and Battle of Moon Sound
).
On January 12, 1918 Bakhirev was dismissed from service and denied the right to collect a pension.
s, but released again on March 13, 1919. The April 1, 1919, he started writing about the fighting in the Gulf of Riga between 1915 to 1917.
, a new wave of arrests took place in Petrograd. Bakhirev refused to flee to Finland. On November 17, 1919 he was accused of complicity with Yudenich, and he was again imprisoned. At January 16, 1920 he was shot as a hostage.
Novocherkassk
Novocherkassk is a city in Rostov Oblast, Russia, located on the right bank of the Tuzlov River and on the Aksay River. Population: 169,039 ; 170,822 ; 178,000 ; 123,000 ; 81,000 ; 52,000 ....
– 16 January 1920 Petrograd) was a Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
n Naval officer and Admiral.
Bakhirev was born into a Don Cossack family near Novocherkassk. His father was a sotnik
Sotnik
Sotnik or Sotnyk was a military rank among the Cossack starshyna , Strelets Troops in Muscovy and Imperial Cossack cavalry , the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, the Ukrainian Galician Army, and the Ukrainian People's Army.-Military rank:Literally it means commander of hundred men in most Slavonic...
in the cossacks of the Imperial Russian Army.
He joined in 1888 as a cadet in the Navy
Navy
A navy is the branch of a nation's armed forces principally designated for naval and amphibious warfare; namely, lake- or ocean-borne combat operations and related functions...
and was on the gunboat Bobr the Far Eastern Fleet. In January 1898 he was transferred to the Baltic Fleet
Baltic Fleet
The Twice Red Banner Baltic Fleet - is the Russian Navy's presence in the Baltic Sea. In previous historical periods, it has been part of the navy of Imperial Russia and later the Soviet Union. The Fleet gained the 'Twice Red Banner' appellation during the Soviet period, indicating two awards of...
, but only a year later, he returned to the Far East. During the Boxer Rebellion
Boxer Rebellion
The Boxer Rebellion, also called the Boxer Uprising by some historians or the Righteous Harmony Society Movement in northern China, was a proto-nationalist movement by the "Righteous Harmony Society" , or "Righteous Fists of Harmony" or "Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists" , in China between...
he commanded the gunboat Gilyaks.
During the Russo-Japanese War
Russo-Japanese War
The Russo-Japanese War was "the first great war of the 20th century." It grew out of rival imperial ambitions of the Russian Empire and Japanese Empire over Manchuria and Korea...
In 1904/05 he commanded Port Arthur
Lüshunkou
Lüshunkou is a district in the municipality of Dalian, Liaoning province, China. Also called Lüshun City or Lüshun Port, it was formerly known as both Port Arthur and Ryojun....
torpedo boat Silny. Bakhirev participated in the defense of Port Arthur. Despite many casualties in the most difficult situations, he managed to impose calm and discipline.
Between 1911 and 1914 he was commander of the armoured cruiser Rurik.
World War I
On December 24, 1914 Mikhail Koronatovitch Bahirev was promoted to Rear AdmiralRear Admiral
Rear admiral is a naval commissioned officer rank above that of a commodore and captain, and below that of a vice admiral. It is generally regarded as the lowest of the "admiral" ranks, which are also sometimes referred to as "flag officers" or "flag ranks"...
and commanded the Baltic Fleet's cruiser squadron. Between December 19, 1915 to May 23, 1917 he exercised command of the battleship squadron of the Baltic Fleet
Baltic Fleet
The Twice Red Banner Baltic Fleet - is the Russian Navy's presence in the Baltic Sea. In previous historical periods, it has been part of the navy of Imperial Russia and later the Soviet Union. The Fleet gained the 'Twice Red Banner' appellation during the Soviet period, indicating two awards of...
.
Two years later he was promoted to the rank of Vice-Admiral and the following year (August 21, 1917) he became chief of the naval forces in the Gulf of Riga
Gulf of Riga
The Gulf of Riga, or Bay of Riga, is a bay of the Baltic Sea between Latvia and Estonia. According to C.Michael Hogan, a saline stratification layer is found at a depth of approximately seventy metres....
(see Operation Albion
Operation Albion
Operation Albion was the German land and naval operation in September-October 1917 to invade and occupy the Estonian islands of Saaremaa , Hiiumaa and Muhu , then part of the Russian Republic...
and Battle of Moon Sound
Battle of Moon Sound
The Battle of Moon Sound was a naval battle in World War I, fought on 17 October 1917 between naval forces of the German and Russian Empires in the Baltic Sea....
).
On January 12, 1918 Bakhirev was dismissed from service and denied the right to collect a pension.
Russian Revolution
After his dismissal from the Navy, Bakhirev exercised the profession of chief accountant in an industrial society. At the beginning of August 1918 he was arrested by BolshevikBolshevik
The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists , derived from bol'shinstvo, "majority") were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903....
s, but released again on March 13, 1919. The April 1, 1919, he started writing about the fighting in the Gulf of Riga between 1915 to 1917.
Death
After the defeat of General Nikolai Yudenich against the Red ArmyRed Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army started out as the Soviet Union's revolutionary communist combat groups during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1922. It grew into the national army of the Soviet Union. By the 1930s the Red Army was among the largest armies in history.The "Red Army" name refers to...
, a new wave of arrests took place in Petrograd. Bakhirev refused to flee to Finland. On November 17, 1919 he was accused of complicity with Yudenich, and he was again imprisoned. At January 16, 1920 he was shot as a hostage.
Russia
- Order of St. Stanislaus (first class) (October 30, 1895)
- Order of St. GeorgeOrder of St. GeorgeThe Military Order of the Holy Great-Martyr and the Triumphant George The Military Order of the Holy Great-Martyr and the Triumphant George The Military Order of the Holy Great-Martyr and the Triumphant George (also known as Order of St. George the Triumphant, Russian: Военный орден Св...
(Fourth Class) (October 19, 1900) - Order of St. AnneOrder of St. AnnaThe Order of St. Anna ) is a Holstein and then Russian Imperial order of chivalry established by Karl Friedrich, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp on 14 February 1735, in honour of his wife Anna Petrovna, daughter of Peter the Great of Russia...
(third class) (December 6, 1901) - Order of St. VladimirOrder of St. VladimirThe Cross of Saint Vladimir was an Imperial Russian Order established in 1782 by Empress Catherine II in memory of the deeds of Saint Vladimir, the Grand Prince and the Baptizer of the Kievan Rus....
(Fourth Class) (1902) - Order of St. Stanislas (Second Class with Swords) (October 11, 1904)
- Gold Sword for BraveryGold Sword for BraveryThe Gold Sword for Bravery was a Russian Empire award for bravery. It was set up with two grades on 27 July 1720 by Peter the Great, reclassified as a public order in 1807 and abolished in 1917. From 1913 to 1917 it was renamed the St George Sword and considered as one of the grades of the Order...
(December 19, 1905) - Order of St. Anne (Second Class with Swords) (March 19, 1907)
- Order of St. Vladimir (third class) (December 6, 1913)
- Order of St. Vladimir (Third Class with Swords) (December 24, 1914)
- Order of St. Stanislas (first class with swords) (August 10, 1915)
- Order of St. Anne (first class with swords) (January 11, 1916)
Foreign
- Chevalier of the Legion of Honour (France; 1902)
- Order of the Sacred TreasureOrder of the Sacred TreasureThe is a Japanese Order, established on January 4, 1888 by Emperor Meiji of Japan as the Order of Meiji. It is awarded in eight classes . It is generally awarded for long and/or meritorious service and considered to be the lowest of the Japanese orders of merit...
(fourth class) (Japan; 1902) - Officer of the Legion of Honour (France; 1909)