Military attachés and observers in the Russo-Japanese War
Encyclopedia
Overview
The multi-national military attachés and observers who took part in the Russo-Japanese WarRusso-Japanese War
The Russo-Japanese War was "the first great war of the 20th century." It grew out of rival imperial ambitions of the Russian Empire and Japanese Empire over Manchuria and Korea...
were expressly engaged in collecting data and analyzing the interplay between tactics, strategy, and technical advances in weapons and machines of modern warfare. For example, reports evaluating the stationary battle at Port Arthur
Siege of Port Arthur
The Siege of Port Arthur , 1 August 1904 – 2 January 1905, the deep-water port and Russian naval base at the tip of the Liaotung Peninsula in Manchuria, was the longest and most violent land battle of the Russo-Japanese War....
and the maneuver battle at Mukden
Battle of Mukden
One of the largest land battles to be fought before World War I, the , the last major land battle of the Russo-Japanese War, was fought from 20 February to 10 March 1905 between Japan and Russia near Mukden in Manchuria...
demonstrate the lethality of modern warfare and foreshadow the combined effects of hand grenades, mortars, machine guns, and field artillery in World War I.
Embedded journalist
Embedded journalism refers to news reporters being attached to military units involved in armed conflicts. While the term could be applied to many historical interactions between journalists and military personnel, it first came to be used in the media coverage of the 2003 invasion of Iraq...
" positions within the land and naval forces of both Russia and Japan. These military attachés, naval attachés and other observers prepared voluminous first-hand accounts of the war and analytical papers. In-depth observer narratives of the war and more narrowly-focused professional journal articles were written soon after the war; and these post-war reports conclusively illustrated the battlefield destructiveness of this conflict. This was the first time the tactics of entrenched positions for infantry defended with machine guns and artillery became vitally important, and both were factors which came to dominate in World War I.
From a 21st century perspective, it is now apparent that tactical lessons which were available to the observer nations were disregarded or not used in the preparations for war in Europe and during the course of World War I.
In 1904-1905, Ian Standish Monteith Hamilton
Ian Standish Monteith Hamilton
General Sir Ian Standish Monteith Hamilton GCB GCMG DSO TD was a general in the British Army and is most notably for commanding the ill-fated Mediterranean Expeditionary Force during the Battle of Gallipoli....
was the military attaché of the Indian Army
British Indian Army
The British Indian Army, officially simply the Indian Army, was the principal army of the British Raj in India before the partition of India in 1947...
serving with the Japanese army in Manchuria
Manchuria
Manchuria is a historical name given to a large geographic region in northeast Asia. Depending on the definition of its extent, Manchuria usually falls entirely within the People's Republic of China, or is sometimes divided between China and Russia. The region is commonly referred to as Northeast...
. Amongst the several military attachés from Western countries, he was the first to arrive in Japan after the start of the war. As the earliest, he would be recognized as the dean of multi-national attachés and observers in this conflict. From this select group of military men would rise such well-known figures as British Field Marshal
Field Marshal
Field Marshal is a military rank. Traditionally, it is the highest military rank in an army.-Etymology:The origin of the rank of field marshal dates to the early Middle Ages, originally meaning the keeper of the king's horses , from the time of the early Frankish kings.-Usage and hierarchical...
William Gustavus Nicholson, 1st Baron Nicholson, Chief of the Imperial General Staff; U.S. General of the Armies
General of the Armies
General of the Armies of the United States, or more commonly referred to as General of the Armies, is the highest possible officer rank of the United States Army.Only two soldiers have been granted the rank of General of the Armies; John J...
John J. Pershing
John J. Pershing
John Joseph "Black Jack" Pershing, GCB , was a general officer in the United States Army who led the American Expeditionary Forces in World War I...
, head of the American Expeditionary Force
American Expeditionary Force
The American Expeditionary Forces or AEF were the United States Armed Forces sent to Europe in World War I. During the United States campaigns in World War I the AEF fought in France alongside British and French allied forces in the last year of the war, against Imperial German forces...
in WWI; U.S.General of the Army
General of the Army
General of the Army is a military rank used in some countries to denote a senior military leader, usually a General in command of a nation's Army. It may also be the title given to a General who commands an Army in the field....
Douglas MacArthur
Douglas MacArthur
General of the Army Douglas MacArthur was an American general and field marshal of the Philippine Army. He was a Chief of Staff of the United States Army during the 1930s and played a prominent role in the Pacific theater during World War II. He received the Medal of Honor for his service in the...
; and Marshal of Italy
Marshal of Italy
Marshal of Italy was a rank in the Italian Royal Army . Originally created in 1924 by Italian dictator Benito Mussolini for the purpose of honoring Generals Luigi Cadorna and Armando Diaz, the rank was granted to several other general officers from 1926 to 1943...
Enrico Caviglia
Enrico Caviglia
Enrico Caviglia KCB was a distinguished officer in the Italian Army. Victorious on the bloody battlefields of the Great War, he rose in time to the highest rank in his country, Marshal of Italy; he was also a Senator of the kingdom.-Early years:Caviglia was born in Finalmarina , the sixth son of...
.
Press coverage of the war was affected by restrictions on the movement of reporters and strict censorship. In all military conflicts which followed this 1904-1905 war, close attention to more managed reporting was considered essential by the Japanese. These concerns were considered inessential by the Russian command. The Russian press frequently revealed information deemed crucial by the opposing commanders; and the Japanese profited from the lack of military censorship on the Russian side. Information gathered from Russian newspapers was telegraphed by the Japanese military attaché in the Japanese embassy in Berlin; and it was received by the Japanese armies in Manchuria within six days.
The Russian war artist
War artist
A war artist depicts some aspect of war through art; this might be a pictorial record or it might commemorate how "war shapes lives." War artists have explored a visual and sensory dimension of war which is often absent in written histories or other accounts of warfare.- Definition and context:A...
Vasili Vereshchagin was invited by Admiral Stepan Makarov
Stepan Makarov
Stepan Osipovich Makarov was a Ukrainian - born Russian vice-admiral, a highly accomplished and decorated commander of the Imperial Russian Navy, an oceanographer, awarded by the Russian Academy of Sciences, and author of several books. Makarov also designed a small number of ships...
to observe the war aboard Makarov's flagship Petropavlovsk
Russian battleship Petropavlovsk (1897)
The Petropavlovsk was the lead ship of the Petropavlovsk class of battleships built for the Imperial Russian Navy. During the Russo-Japanese War, Petropavlovsk was a flagship of the First Pacific Squadron, taking part in battles against the Imperial Japanese Navy. On March 31, 1904, the battleship...
. On April 13, 1904, the war ship hit mines near Port Arthur
Lüshunkou
Lüshunkou is a district in the municipality of Dalian, Liaoning province, China. Also called Lüshun City or Lüshun Port, it was formerly known as both Port Arthur and Ryojun....
; and nearly all aboard were killed. Vereshchagin's last work was recovered. The salvaged canvas depicted a council of war presided over by Admiral Makarov.
Russian Imperial Army
- Sydney Cloman, U.S.
- William Voorhees Judson, U.S.
- Capt. Carl von HoffmanCarl von HoffmanKarl von Hoffman was a soldier, adventurer, author, and photographer of German ancestry. He was a descendant of Melchior Hoffman; journalist Nicholas von Hoffman is his son....
, Germany. - Montagu Gerard, U.K.
- _____ Reichman, U.S.
- Colonel W. H. W. Waters, U.K.
- Major J. M. Horne.
- Lieutenant-Colonel C. V. Hume.
- G. H. Mockler.
- _____ Holman.
- Capt Nils Edlund, Sweden
- Capt Oskar Nyqvist, Norway
Japanese Imperial Army
- Granville Roland FortescueGranville Roland FortescueGranville Roland Fortescue was an American soldier, a Rough Rider serving with his cousin, Colonel Theodore Roosevelt in Cuba, a presidential aide in the first Roosevelt administration and later, a journalist and war correspondent for the London Standard during the Rif War in 1920 Spanish Morocco...
, U.S. - Joseph Kuhn, U.S.
- Arthur MacArthur, Jr.Arthur MacArthur, Jr.Lieutenant General Arthur MacArthur, Jr. , was a United States Army General. He became the military Governor-General of the American-occupied Philippines in 1900 but his term ended a year later due to clashes with the civilian governor, future President William Howard Taft...
, U.S. - Douglas MacArthurDouglas MacArthurGeneral of the Army Douglas MacArthur was an American general and field marshal of the Philippine Army. He was a Chief of Staff of the United States Army during the 1930s and played a prominent role in the Pacific theater during World War II. He received the Medal of Honor for his service in the...
, U.S. - Peyton March, U.S.
- Anita Newcomb McGeeAnita Newcomb McGeethumb|Dr Anita Newcomb McGee during the Russo-Japanese WarDr. Anita Newcomb McGee was an American physician who is remembered for her medical work with the United States military.-Family and early life:...
, U.S. - John J. PershingJohn J. PershingJohn Joseph "Black Jack" Pershing, GCB , was a general officer in the United States Army who led the American Expeditionary Forces in World War I...
, U.S.
British observers
- Richard Bannatine-Allason, UK.
- Alexander BannermanAlexander BannermanSir Alexander Bannerman was a British merchant, vintner, politician and colonial governor.-Background:...
, U.K. - James Aylmer Lowthorpe HaldaneJames Aylmer Lowthorpe HaldaneGeneral Sir James Aylmer Lowthorpe Haldane GCMG, KCB, DSO was a senior British Army officer with a long and distinguished career.-Military career:...
, U.K - Ian Standish Monteith HamiltonIan Standish Monteith HamiltonGeneral Sir Ian Standish Monteith Hamilton GCB GCMG DSO TD was a general in the British Army and is most notably for commanding the ill-fated Mediterranean Expeditionary Force during the Battle of Gallipoli....
, Indian Army. - Arthur Henry Seton Hart-SynnotArthur Henry Seton Hart-SynnotArthur Henry Seton Hart-Synnot CMG, DSO and Bar was a British Army general. He was educated at Clifton College and Royal Military Academy Sandhurst....
, U.K. - John Charles HoadJohn Charles HoadMajor General Sir John Charles Hoad KCMG was an Australian military leader, best known as the Australian Army's second Chief of the General Staff.-Family:...
, Australian Army. - James Bruce JardineJames Bruce JardineBrigadier General James Bruce Jardine CMG DSO DL was a British soldier and diplomat. He earned the rank of Brigadier-General in the service of the 5th Lancers.-Family life:...
, U.K. - William Gustavus Nicholson, 1st Baron Nicholson, U.K.
- Herbert Cyril ThackerHerbert Cyril ThackerMajor-General Herbert Cyril Thacker, CB CMG DSO was a Canadian soldier and Chief of the General Staff, the head of the Canadian Army from 1927 until 1929.-Military career:...
, Canada. - John Walter Graham TullochJohn Walter Graham TullochJohn Walter Graham Tulloch CB was a British soldier and diplomat who served with the Indian Army and other British army forces in Africa and Asia.-Career:...
, Indian Army. - Berkeley VincentBerkeley VincentBrigadier-General Sir Berkeley Vincent, KBE CB CMG was a British army officer and sportsman.-Biography:...
, U.K.
French observers
- Charles Pierre René Victoire CorvisartCharles Pierre CorvisartBaron Charles Pierre René Victoire Corvisart was a general in the French Army who rose to prominence in World War I and a diplomat.-Biography:...
, France. - François de NégrierFrançois de NégrierGeneral François Oscar de Négrier was one of the most charismatic French generals of the Third Republic, winning fame in Algeria in the Sud-Oranais campaign and in Tonkin during the Sino-French War .- Early career :Born in Belfort, France on October 2, 1839, De Négrier served with Marshal...
, France. - Charles-Émile Bertin, France.
German observers
- Gunther von EtzelGunther von EtzelFranz Hermann Günther von Etzel was a career soldier and general in the Imperial German Army, active in World War I.-Biography:...
, Germany. - Max HoffmannMax HoffmannMax Hoffmann was a German officer and military strategist during World War I. He is widely regarded as one of the finest staff officers of the imperial period....
, Germany.
Austro-Hungarian observers
- Adalbert Dáni von Gyarmata
- Erwin Franz
Italian observers
- Enrico CavigliaEnrico CavigliaEnrico Caviglia KCB was a distinguished officer in the Italian Army. Victorious on the bloody battlefields of the Great War, he rose in time to the highest rank in his country, Marshal of Italy; he was also a Senator of the kingdom.-Early years:Caviglia was born in Finalmarina , the sixth son of...
, Italy.
Swedish observers
- Peter Hegardt, Sweden
Japanese Imperial Navy
- Ernesto BurzagliErnesto BurzagliErnesto Burzagli CB was a prominent figure in the Kingdom of Italy during the early 20th century. During a lifetime career in the Italian Royal Navy , he rose to the rank of Admiral and Chief of Staff...
, Italy. - William Pakenham, U.K.
- Ernest Charles Thomas Troubridge, U.K.
War correspondents
- Ellis Ashmead-BartlettEllis Ashmead-BartlettEllis Ashmead-Bartlett was a British war correspondent during the First World War. Through his reporting of the Battle of Gallipoli, Ashmead-Bartlett was instrumental in the birth of the Anzac legend which still dominates military history in Australia and New Zealand...
, The TimesThe TimesThe Times is a British daily national newspaper, first published in London in 1785 under the title The Daily Universal Register . The Times and its sister paper The Sunday Times are published by Times Newspapers Limited, a subsidiary since 1981 of News International...
(London), Daily Telegraph. - Maurice BaringMaurice BaringMaurice Baring was an English man of letters, known as a dramatist, poet, novelist, translator and essayist, and also as a travel writer and war correspondent...
, The Morning Post (London). - Richard BarryRichard BarryRichard Barry is a former Irish Fine Gael politician. A publican before entering politics, he first stood for election in the Cork East constituency at the 1951 general election, but was unsuccessful. He was first elected to Dáil Éireann at a by-election in 1953 following the death of the Labour...
, Eastern Illustrated War News. - Luigi Barzini, Sr.Luigi Barzini, Sr.Luigi Barzini Sr was an Italian journalist, war correspondent and fascist politician.-Biography:Born at Orvieto, Barzini started his career as a journalist in 1898, working for minor Italian magazines and was almost immediately noticed and hired by Luigi Albertini, then director of the Corriere...
, Corriere della SeraCorriere della SeraThe Corriere della Sera is an Italian daily newspaper, published in Milan.It is among the oldest and most reputable Italian newspapers. Its main rivals are Rome's La Repubblica and Turin's La Stampa.- History :...
(Milan). - John Poster Bass, Chicago Daily NewsChicago Daily NewsThe Chicago Daily News was an afternoon daily newspaper published between 1876 and 1978 in Chicago, Illinois.-History:The Daily News was founded by Melville E. Stone, Percy Meggy, and William Dougherty in 1875 and began publishing early the next year...
. - Stephen BonsalStephen BonsalStephen Bonsal was an American journalist, war correspondent, author, diplomat and translator.-Early life:Bonsal was born in Baltimore, Maryland. He was educated at St. Paul's School in Concord, New Hampshire. He continued his studies in Germany at Heidelberg, Bonn and Vienna. Bonsal traveled...
, New York HeraldNew York HeraldThe New York Herald was a large distribution newspaper based in New York City that existed between May 6, 1835, and 1924.-History:The first issue of the paper was published by James Gordon Bennett, Sr., on May 6, 1835. By 1845 it was the most popular and profitable daily newspaper in the UnitedStates...
. - Eugen Binder-KriegelsteinEugen Binder-KriegelsteinEugen Binder-Kriegelstein was an Austrian journalist, war correspondent and travel writer. He sometimes used the pen names of Eugene Krieglstein or Eugene Binder Krieglstein...
, Berliner Lokal-AnzeigerAugust ScherlAugust Scherl, a German newspaper magnate, was born on 24 July 1849 in Düsseldorf, and died on 18 April 1921 in Berlin.August Hugo Friedrich Scherl founded a newspaper and publishing concern on 1 October 1883, which from 1900 carried the name August Scherl Verlag.He was editor of the Berlin Local...
(Berlin Local Advertiser). - W. H. Brill, Associated Press and Reuter's Telegraph AgencyReutersReuters is a news agency headquartered in New York City. Until 2008 the Reuters news agency formed part of a British independent company, Reuters Group plc, which was also a provider of financial market data...
. - _____ Brindle, Daily MailDaily MailThe Daily Mail is a British daily middle-market tabloid newspaper owned by the Daily Mail and General Trust. First published in 1896 by Lord Northcliffe, it is the United Kingdom's second biggest-selling daily newspaper after The Sun. Its sister paper The Mail on Sunday was launched in 1982...
(London). - Francis BrinkleyFrancis BrinkleyFrancis Brinkley was an Irish newspaper owner, editor and scholar who resided in Meiji period Japan for over 40 years, where he was the author of numerous books on Japanese culture, art and architecture, and an English-Japanese Dictionary...
, The Times. - Bennet Burleigh, Daily Telegraph (London).
- Robert Moore Collins, ReutersReutersReuters is a news agency headquartered in New York City. Until 2008 the Reuters news agency formed part of a British independent company, Reuters Group plc, which was also a provider of financial market data...
. - Franklin Clarkin, New York PostNew York PostThe New York Post is the 13th-oldest newspaper published in the United States and is generally acknowledged as the oldest to have been published continuously as a daily, although – as is the case with most other papers – its publication has been periodically interrupted by labor actions...
. - J. M. Cockran, Leslie's Weekly.
- Oscar King Davis, New York Herald.
- Richard Harding DavisRichard Harding DavisRichard Harding Davis was a journalist and writer of fiction and drama, known foremost as the first American war correspondent to cover the Spanish-American War, the Second Boer War, and the First World War. His writing greatly assisted the political career of Theodore Roosevelt and he also played...
, Collier'sCollier's WeeklyCollier's Weekly was an American magazine founded by Peter Fenelon Collier and published from 1888 to 1957. With the passage of decades, the title was shortened to Collier's....
. - Georges de la Salle, Agence Havas (Paris).
- George Denny, Associated PressAssociated PressThe Associated Press is an American news agency. The AP is a cooperative owned by its contributing newspapers, radio and television stations in the United States, which both contribute stories to the AP and use material written by its staff journalists...
(New York). - William DinwiddieWilliam DinwiddieWilliam Dinwiddie was an American journalist, war photographer, writer and colonial administrator in the Philippines. He was born in Charlottesville, Virginia.-Early life:...
, New York Herald. - William Henry DonaldWilliam Henry DonaldWilliam Henry Donald was an Australian newspaperman who worked in China from 1903 until World War II...
, New York Herald. - Martin Henry Donohoe, Daily ChronicleDaily ChronicleThe Daily Chronicle was a British newspaper that was published from 1872 to 1930 when it merged with the Daily News to become the News Chronicle.-History:...
(London). - James H. Dunn, New York Globe.
- Edwin Emerson.
- Lewis Etzel, Daily Telegraph (London).
- John Fox, Jr.John Fox, Jr.John Fox, Jr. was an American journalist, novelist, and short story writer.-Biography:Born in Stony Point, Bourbon County, Kentucky, to John William Fox, Sr., and Minerva Worth Carr, Fox studied English at Harvard University. He graduated in 1883 before becoming a reporter in New York City...
, Scribner's MagazineScribner's MagazineScribner's Magazine was an American periodical published by the publishing house of Charles Scribner's Sons from January 1887 to May 1939. Scribner's Magazine was the second magazine out of the "Scribner's" firm, after the publication of Scribner's Monthly...
. - David Stewart Fraser, The Times.
- _____ Froissart.
- Lord BrookeLeopold Greville, 6th Earl of WarwickLeopold Guy Francis Maynard Greville, 6th Earl of Warwick MVO was simultaneously Earl Brooke of Warwick Castle and Baron Brooke of Beauchamps Court....
, ReutersReutersReuters is a news agency headquartered in New York City. Until 2008 the Reuters news agency formed part of a British independent company, Reuters Group plc, which was also a provider of financial market data...
(London). - _____ Hamilton, Manchester Guardian.
- Charles E. Hands, Daily Mail.
- J. H. Hare, Colliers Weekly
- Lionel James, The Times.; reported from aboard the SS Haimun
- _____Jensen, Berlingske TidendeBerlingske TidendeBerlingske, previously known as Berlingske Tidende , is a Danish national daily newspaper based in Copenhagen...
(Copenhagen). - Franz von Jessen.
- George KennanGeorge Kennan (explorer)George Kennan was an American explorer noted for his travels in the Kamchatka and Caucasus regions of the Russian Empire. He was a cousin twice removed of diplomat and historian George F. Kennan, with whom he shared his birthday....
, The OutlookThe Outlook (New York)The Outlook was a weekly magazine, published in New York City.-History:In 1900, the ranking weekly journals of news and opinion were The Independent , The Nation , the Outlook , and in a different class or with a different emphasis, The Literary Digest .-Notable contributors:*Theodore Roosevelt...
. - Edward Frederick KnightEdward Frederick KnightEdward Frederick Knight was an English barrister, soldier, journalist, and author of 20 books, many based on his dispatches as a war correspondent.-Biography:...
, Morning Post. - _____ Konishi, Asahi shimbunAsahi ShimbunThe is the second most circulated out of the five national newspapers in Japan. Its circulation, which was 7.96 million for its morning edition and 3.1 million for its evening edition as of June 2010, was second behind that of Yomiuri Shimbun...
(Osaka). - Wilmott Harsant Lewis, a/k/a William Lewis (war correspondent), New York Herald.
- Richard H. Little, Chicago Daily NewsChicago Daily NewsThe Chicago Daily News was an afternoon daily newspaper published between 1876 and 1978 in Chicago, Illinois.-History:The Daily News was founded by Melville E. Stone, Percy Meggy, and William Dougherty in 1875 and began publishing early the next year...
. - Jack LondonJack LondonJohn Griffith "Jack" London was an American author, journalist, and social activist. He was a pioneer in the then-burgeoning world of commercial magazine fiction and was one of the first fiction writers to obtain worldwide celebrity and a large fortune from his fiction alone...
, Collier's, New York Herald, Harper's MagazineHarper's MagazineHarper's Magazine is a monthly magazine of literature, politics, culture, finance, and the arts, with a generally left-wing perspective. It is the second-oldest continuously published monthly magazine in the U.S. . The current editor is Ellen Rosenbush, who replaced Roger Hodge in January 2010...
, Hearst PressHearst CorporationThe Hearst Corporation is an American media conglomerate based in the Hearst Tower, Manhattan in New York City, New York, United States. Founded by William Randolph Hearst as an owner of newspapers, the company's holdings now include a wide variety of media...
, New York Journal. - Robert Joseph MacHugh, Daily Telegraph.
- William MaxwellWilliam Maxwell (journalist)William Maxwell was a British journalist, soldier, writer and civil servant.-War correspondent:Maxwell was a war correspondent for the London Standard, covering the Anglo-Egyptian victory at Battle of Omdurman ....
, The StandardEvening StandardThe Evening Standard, now styled the London Evening Standard, is a free local daily newspaper, published Monday–Friday in tabloid format in London. It is the dominant regional evening paper for London and the surrounding area, with coverage of national and international news and City of London...
(London). - Frederick McCormick, Associate Press.
- John T. McCucheon, Chicago TribuneChicago TribuneThe Chicago Tribune is a major daily newspaper based in Chicago, Illinois, and the flagship publication of the Tribune Company. Formerly self-styled as the "World's Greatest Newspaper" , it remains the most read daily newspaper of the Chicago metropolitan area and the Great Lakes region and is...
. - Francis McCullaghFrancis McCullaghFrancis McCullagh was a British journalist, war correspondent and author.McCullugh was born in Dungannon in Northern Ireland in in 1874. McCullugh worked as a correspondent for the New York Herald, from 1898...
, New York Herald; Manchester Guardian. - Frederick Arthur McKensie, Daily Mail.
- Henry Middleton, Associated Press.
- Thomas Franklin Fairfax MillardThomas Franklin Fairfax MillardThomas Franklin Fairfax Millard was an American journalist, newspaper editor, founder of the China Weekly Review, author of seven influential books on the Far East and first American political adviser to the Chinese Republic, serving for over fifteen years...
, New York Herald. - W. G. Morgan, New York TribuneNew York TribuneThe New York Tribune was an American newspaper, first established by Horace Greeley in 1841, which was long considered one of the leading newspapers in the United States...
. - Ludovic Naudeau, Le Journal (Paris).
- _____ Ota, Jiji Shimpo (Tokyo).
- Frederick PalmerFrederick Palmer (journalist)Frederick Palmer was an American journalist and writer.Born in Pleasantville, Pennsylvania, Palmer attended Allegheny College in Meadville, Pennsylvania....
, New York Globe. - Percival Philips, Daily ExpressDaily ExpressThe Daily Express switched from broadsheet to tabloid in 1977 and was bought by the construction company Trafalgar House in the same year. Its publishing company, Beaverbrook Newspapers, was renamed Express Newspapers...
(London). - Herbert G. Ponting, Harper's WeeklyHarper's WeeklyHarper's Weekly was an American political magazine based in New York City. Published by Harper & Brothers from 1857 until 1916, it featured foreign and domestic news, fiction, essays on many subjects, and humor...
. - Melton PriorMelton PriorMelton Prior , was an English artist and war correspondent for the Illustrated London News from the early 1870′s until 1904. Prior was one of the leading illustrators of late Victorian Britain, noted for his ability to quickly sketch scenes...
, Illustrated London NewsIllustrated London NewsThe Illustrated London News was the world's first illustrated weekly newspaper; the first issue appeared on Saturday 14 May 1842. It was published weekly until 1971 and then increasingly less frequently until publication ceased in 2003.-History:...
. - Charles à Court RepingtonCharles à Court RepingtonLieutenant Colonel Charles à Court Repington , CMG, was a British Army officer and war correspondent.-Biography:Charles Repington was born at Heytesbury, Wiltshire in 1858, where his father was a Conservative Party Member of Parliament...
, The Times. - James RicaltonJames RicaltonJames Ricalton was a school teacher, traveler, inventor, and photographer. Ricalton travelled extensively and he circumnavigated the world seven times. -Maplewood:...
, Travel Magazine. - _____ Roucouli, Le TempsLe TempsFounded in 1998, Le Temps is a Swiss newspaper edited in French. Le Temps consists of a daily newspaper , several supplements , thematic special editions, a performing website and digital applications.Le Temps is the...
(Paris). - _____ Saito, Nippon Shimbun.
- G. H. Scull, Commercial AdvertiserCommercial AdvertiserThe New-York Commercial Advertiser was an evening American newspaper.It was published, with slight name variations, from 1797-1904, though it originated as the American Minerva founded in 1793.-History:...
. - Richmond Smith, Associated PressAssociated PressThe Associated Press is an American news agency. The AP is a cooperative owned by its contributing newspapers, radio and television stations in the United States, which both contribute stories to the AP and use material written by its staff journalists...
. - Willard StraightWillard StraightWillard Dickerman Straight was an American investment banker, publisher, reporter and diplomat.-Biography:...
, Reuters. - Charles Victor-ThomasCharles Victor-ThomasCharles Victor-Thomas was a French military officer, a journalist and an author, known for his writing as a war correspondent during the Russo-Japanese War....
, Le GauloisLe GauloisLe Gaulois was a French daily newspaper, founded in 1868 by Edmond Tarbe and Henri de Pene. After a printing stoppage, it was revived by Arthur Meyer in 1882 with notable collaborators Paul Bourget, Alfred Grévin, Abel Hermant, and Ernest Daudet...
(Paris), Le TempsLe TempsFounded in 1998, Le Temps is a Swiss newspaper edited in French. Le Temps consists of a daily newspaper , several supplements , thematic special editions, a performing website and digital applications.Le Temps is the...
. - Frederick Villiers, Illustrated London News; Graphic (London).
- Grant WallaceGrant WallaceGrant Wallace was an American journalist, artist, screenwriter, and occultist.- Early life :Grant Wallace was born on February 10, 1867, in Hopkins, Missouri, the son of a judge. His education included a B.S...
, San Francisco Bulletin. - Stanley Washburn, Chicago Daily NewsChicago Daily NewsThe Chicago Daily News was an afternoon daily newspaper published between 1876 and 1978 in Chicago, Illinois.-History:The Daily News was founded by Melville E. Stone, Percy Meggy, and William Dougherty in 1875 and began publishing early the next year...
.
See also
- Military attachés and war correspondents in the First World WarMilitary attachés and war correspondents in the First World WarMilitary attachés and war correspondents in the First World War were historians creating first-hand accounts of a multi-national, multi-continent, multi-ocean military conflict...
- United Nations Military Observer