Minangkabau language
Encyclopedia
The Minangkabau language (autonym: Baso Minang(kabau); ) is an Austronesian language
, spoken by the Minangkabau of West Sumatra
, the western part of Riau, South Aceh Regency
, the northern part of Bengkulu
and Jambi, also in several cities throughout Indonesia
by migrated Minangkabau, who often trade or have a restaurant. The language is also a lingua franca
along the western coastal region of the province of North Sumatra
, and is even used in parts of Aceh
, where the language is called Aneuk Jamee. It is also spoken in a part of Malaysia.
Due to great grammatical similarities between the Minangkabau language and Malay
, there is some controversy regarding the relationship between the two. Some see Minangkabau as a dialect
of Malay, while others think of Minangkabau as a proper (Malay) language.
, which is known as "Baso Nogoghi".
numbers:
(original title La Langue Minangkabau, translated from French by Rahayu S. Hidayat), ISBN 979-9023-16-5.
Austronesian languages
The Austronesian languages are a language family widely dispersed throughout the islands of Southeast Asia and the Pacific, with a few members spoken on continental Asia that are spoken by about 386 million people. It is on par with Indo-European, Niger-Congo, Afroasiatic and Uralic as one of the...
, spoken by the Minangkabau of West Sumatra
West Sumatra
West Sumatra is a province of Indonesia. It lies on the west coast of the island Sumatra. It borders the provinces of North Sumatra to the north, Riau and Jambi to the east, and Bengkulu to the southeast. It includes the Mentawai Islands off the coast...
, the western part of Riau, South Aceh Regency
South Aceh Regency
South Aceh Regency is a regency in the Aceh province of Indonesia. The regency covers an area of 3,851.69 square kilometres and according to the 2010 census had a population of 202,003 people....
, the northern part of Bengkulu
Bengkulu
Bengkulu is a province of Indonesia. It is on the southwest coast of the island of Sumatra, and borders the provinces of West Sumatra, Jambi, South Sumatra and Lampung. The capital and largest city is Bengkulu city. It was formerly the site of a British garrison, which they called Bencoolen...
and Jambi, also in several cities throughout Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
by migrated Minangkabau, who often trade or have a restaurant. The language is also a lingua franca
Lingua franca
A lingua franca is a language systematically used to make communication possible between people not sharing a mother tongue, in particular when it is a third language, distinct from both mother tongues.-Characteristics:"Lingua franca" is a functionally defined term, independent of the linguistic...
along the western coastal region of the province of North Sumatra
North Sumatra
North Sumatra is a province of Indonesia on the Sumatra island. Its capital is Medan. It is the most populous Indonesian province outside of Java. It is slightly larger than Sri Lanka in area.- Geography and population :...
, and is even used in parts of Aceh
Aceh
Aceh is a special region of Indonesia, located on the northern tip of the island of Sumatra. Its full name is Daerah Istimewa Aceh , Nanggroë Aceh Darussalam and Aceh . Past spellings of its name include Acheh, Atjeh and Achin...
, where the language is called Aneuk Jamee. It is also spoken in a part of Malaysia.
Due to great grammatical similarities between the Minangkabau language and Malay
Malay language
Malay is a major language of the Austronesian family. It is the official language of Malaysia , Indonesia , Brunei and Singapore...
, there is some controversy regarding the relationship between the two. Some see Minangkabau as a dialect
Dialect
The term dialect is used in two distinct ways, even by linguists. One usage refers to a variety of a language that is a characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers. The term is applied most often to regional speech patterns, but a dialect may also be defined by other factors,...
of Malay, while others think of Minangkabau as a proper (Malay) language.
Malaysia
Besides Indonesia, Minangkabau is also spoken in Malaysia, by some descendants of migrants from the Minang-speaking region in Sumatra (Tanah Minang, or Land of the Minang). Significant numbers of the early migrants settled in what is now the Malaysian state of Negeri SembilanNegeri Sembilan
Negeri Sembilan, one of the 13 states that constitutes Malaysia, lies on the western coast of Peninsular Malaysia, just south of Kuala Lumpur and borders Selangor on the north, Pahang in the east, and Malacca and Johor to the south....
, which is known as "Baso Nogoghi".
Dialects
The Minangkabau language has several dialects, sometimes differing between nearby villages (e.g. separated by a river). The dialects are Rao Mapat Tunggul, Muaro Sungai Lolo, Payakumbuh, Pangkalan-Lubuk Alai, Agam-Tanah Datar, Pancungsoal, Kotobaru, Sungai Bendung Air, and Karanganyar. In everyday communication between Minangkabau people of different regions, the Agam-Tanah Datar dialect (Baso Padang or Baso Urang Awak "our (people's) language") is often used and has become a kind of standard.Example Sentences
| Baso Minangkabau: | Ba'a kaba? |
| Indonesian/Malay: | Apa kabar? or Bagaimana kabar anda? |
| English: | How are you?. |
| Baso Minangkabau: | Lai baiak-baiak se nyo. Sanak ba'a? |
| Indonesian/Malay: | Saya baik-baik saja. Bagaimana dengan anda? |
| English: | I'm very well. How about you? |
| Baso Minangkabau: | Sia namo sanak? |
| Indonesian/Malay: | Siapa nama anda? |
| English: | What is your name?. |
| Baso Minangkabau: | Namo ambo John |
| Indonesian/Malay: | Nama saya John |
| English: | My name is John. |
| Baso Minangkabau: | Tarimo Kasih |
| Indonesian/Malay: | Terima Kasih |
| English: | Thank you. |
| Baso Minangkabau: | Sadang kayu di rimbo ndak samo tinggi, kok kunun manusia (expression) |
| Indonesian/Malay: | Sedangkan pohon di hutan tidak sama tinggi, apalagi manusia |
| English: | Even the trees in the jungle are not all of the same height, let alone the people. |
| Baso Minangkabau: | Co a koncek baranang co itu inyo (expression) |
| Indonesian/Malay: | Bagaimana katak berenang seperti itulah dia. |
| English: | The way a frog swims, the way he does. (doing something without having a goal) |
| Baso Minangkabau: | Indak buliah mambuang sarok disiko! |
| Indonesian/Malay: | Tidak boleh membuang sampah di sini! |
| English: | Do not dump rubbish here! |
| Baso Minangkabau: | Ijan di pacik! Biko tangan ang kanai api. |
| Indonesian/Malay: | Jangan disentuh! Nanti tangan kamu terbakar. |
| English: | Do not touch it! Your hand will be burnt later. |
numbers:
| Baso Minangkabau: | ciek |
| Indonesian/Malay: | satu |
| English: | one. |
| Baso Minangkabau: | duo |
| Indonesian/Malay: | dua |
| English: | two. |
| Baso Minangkabau: | tigo |
| Indonesian/Malay: | tiga |
| English: | three. |
| Baso Minangkabau: | ampek |
| Indonesian/Malay: | empat |
| English: | four. |
| Baso Minangkabau: | limo |
| Indonesian/Malay: | lima |
| English: | five. |
| Baso Minangkabau: | anam |
| Indonesian/Malay: | enam |
| English: | six. |
| Baso Minangkabau: | tujuah |
| Indonesian/Malay: | tujuh |
| English: | seven. |
| Baso Minangkabau: | salapan |
| Indonesian/Malay: | delapan |
| English: | eight. |
| Baso Minangkabau: | sambilan |
| Indonesian/Malay: | sembilan |
| English: | nine. |
| Baso Minangkabau: | sapuluah |
| Indonesian/Malay: | sepuluh |
| English: | ten. |
| Baso Minangkabau: | sabaleh |
| Indonesian/Malay: | sebelas |
| English: | eleven. |
| Baso Minangkabau: | duo baleh |
| Indonesian/Malay: | dua belas |
| English: | twelve. |
| Baso Minangkabau: | salapan baleh |
| Indonesian/Malay: | delapan belas |
| English: | eighteen. |
| Baso Minangkabau: | duo puluah |
| Indonesian/Malay: | dua puluh |
| English: | twenty. |
| Baso Minangkabau: | saratuih |
| Indonesian/Malay: | seratus |
| English: | one hundred. |
| Baso Minangkabau: | duo ratuih |
| Indonesian/Malay: | dua ratus |
| English: | two hundreds. |
| Baso Minangkabau: | saribu |
| Indonesian/Malay: | seribu |
| English: | one thousand. |
| Baso Minangkabau: | limo ribu |
| Indonesian/Malay: | lima ribu |
| English: | five thousands. |
Literature
- http://books.google.com/books?printsec=frontcover&vid=ISBN9796666359&vid=LCCN2002351105#v=onepage&q&f=falseNurlela Adnan, Ermitati, Rosnida M. Nur, Pusat Bahasa (Indonesia), Balai PustakaBalai PustakaBalai Pustaka is the state-owned publisher of Indonesia and publisher of major pieces of Indonesian literature such as Salah Asuhan, Sitti Nurbaya and Layar Terkembang. Its head office is in Jakarta....
(Persero), PT. 2001 - Indonesian-Minangkabau dictionary (Kamus bahasa Indonesia-Minangkabau), 841 pages.] - Tata Bahasa Minangkabau, Gerard Moussay
(original title La Langue Minangkabau, translated from French by Rahayu S. Hidayat), ISBN 979-9023-16-5.
See also
- Minangkabau people
- Overseas MinangkabauOverseas MinangkabauThe Overseas Minangkabau are people of Minang birth or descent who live outside the province of West Sumatra. Nowadays, over half of the Minangkabau people can be considered Overseas Minangkabaus. They make up the majority of the population of Negeri Sembilan and Pekanbaru...