Ming conquest of Yunnan
Encyclopedia
The Ming conquest of Yunnan was the final phase in the Chinese Ming dynasty
expulsion of Mongol Yuan dynasty
rule from China in the 1380s.
300,000 Han Chinese and Hui Muslim troops were dispatched to crush the Yuan remnants in Yunnan
in 1381.
The Ming Chinese Muslim
General Fu Youde led the attack on the Mongol and Yuan Muslim forces. Also fighting on the Ming side were Muslim Generals Mu Ying
and Lan Yu
, who led Ming loyalist Muslim troops against Yuan loyalist Muslims.
The Prince of Liang, Basalawarmi
committed suicide on January 6, 1382, as the Ming Dynasty Muslim troops overwhelmed the Yuan Mongol and Muslim forces. The Chinese Muslim
troops loyal to the Ming dynasty then flooded Yunnan and colonized it. Mu Ying and his Muslim troops were given hereditary status as military garrisons of the Ming Dynasty, and remained in the province.
The Ming Muslim Generals Lan Yu and Fu Youde castrated 380 captured Mongol and Muslim captives after the war. This led to many of them becoming eunuch
s and serving the Ming Emperor. One of the eunuchs was Zheng He
.
Han Chinese soldiers also crushed the rebellion. The Han then married Han, Miao
, and Yao
women, their descendants are called "Tunbao", in contrast to newer Han Chinese colonists who moved to Yunnan in later centuries. The Tunbao still live in Yunnan today.
Ming Dynasty
The Ming Dynasty, also Empire of the Great Ming, was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty. The Ming, "one of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history", was the last dynasty in China ruled by ethnic...
expulsion of Mongol Yuan dynasty
Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty , or Great Yuan Empire was a ruling dynasty founded by the Mongol leader Kublai Khan, who ruled most of present-day China, all of modern Mongolia and its surrounding areas, lasting officially from 1271 to 1368. It is considered both as a division of the Mongol Empire and as an...
rule from China in the 1380s.
War
Muslim troops fought in both the Chinese Ming army and the Yuan Mongol army.300,000 Han Chinese and Hui Muslim troops were dispatched to crush the Yuan remnants in Yunnan
Yunnan
Yunnan is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the far southwest of the country spanning approximately and with a population of 45.7 million . The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders Burma, Laos, and Vietnam.Yunnan is situated in a mountainous area, with...
in 1381.
The Ming Chinese Muslim
Hui people
The Hui people are an ethnic group in China, defined as Chinese speaking people descended from foreign Muslims. They are typically distinguished by their practice of Islam, however some also practice other religions, and many are direct descendants of Silk Road travelers.In modern People's...
General Fu Youde led the attack on the Mongol and Yuan Muslim forces. Also fighting on the Ming side were Muslim Generals Mu Ying
Mu Ying
Mu Ying was a general during the Ming Dynasty, and an adopted son of its founder, the Hongwu Emperor . Mu Ying was a Chinese Muslim. Mu Ying was one of the few capable generals who survived the massacre of the Hongwu Emperor....
and Lan Yu
Lan Yu (general)
Lan Yu was a Chinese general who contributed to the founding of the Ming Dynasty. His ancestral home was in present-day Dingyuan County, Anhui. In 1393 Lan was suspected and accused of plotting a rebellion and eventually put to death by the Hongwu Emperor...
, who led Ming loyalist Muslim troops against Yuan loyalist Muslims.
The Prince of Liang, Basalawarmi
Basalawarmi
Basalawarmi , commonly known by his hereditary title, the Prince of Liang, was a descendant of Kublai Khan and a Yuan Dynasty loyalist who fought against the ascendant Ming Dynasty in China.-Before the fall of the Yuan:...
committed suicide on January 6, 1382, as the Ming Dynasty Muslim troops overwhelmed the Yuan Mongol and Muslim forces. The Chinese Muslim
Hui people
The Hui people are an ethnic group in China, defined as Chinese speaking people descended from foreign Muslims. They are typically distinguished by their practice of Islam, however some also practice other religions, and many are direct descendants of Silk Road travelers.In modern People's...
troops loyal to the Ming dynasty then flooded Yunnan and colonized it. Mu Ying and his Muslim troops were given hereditary status as military garrisons of the Ming Dynasty, and remained in the province.
The Ming Muslim Generals Lan Yu and Fu Youde castrated 380 captured Mongol and Muslim captives after the war. This led to many of them becoming eunuch
Eunuch
A eunuch is a person born male most commonly castrated, typically early enough in his life for this change to have major hormonal consequences...
s and serving the Ming Emperor. One of the eunuchs was Zheng He
Zheng He
Zheng He , also known as Ma Sanbao and Hajji Mahmud Shamsuddin was a Hui-Chinese mariner, explorer, diplomat and fleet admiral, who commanded voyages to Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and East Africa, collectively referred to as the Voyages of Zheng He or Voyages of Cheng Ho from...
.
Han Chinese soldiers also crushed the rebellion. The Han then married Han, Miao
Miao people
The Miao or ม้ง ; ) is an ethnic group recognized by the government of the People's Republic of China as one of the 55 official minority groups. Miao is a Chinese term and does not reflect the self-designations of the component nations of people, which include Hmong, Hmu, A Hmao, and Kho Xiong...
, and Yao
Yao people
The Yao nationality is a government classification for various minorities in China. They form one of the 55 ethnic minority groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China, where they reside in the mountainous terrain of the southwest and south...
women, their descendants are called "Tunbao", in contrast to newer Han Chinese colonists who moved to Yunnan in later centuries. The Tunbao still live in Yunnan today.