Minuscule 348
Encyclopedia
Minuscule 348 ε 227 (Soden), is a Greek
minuscule manuscript
of the New Testament
, on parchment. Dated by a colophon
to the year 1022 (29 December).
It has full marginalia
.
s on 187 parchment leaves . The text is written in two columns per page, in 30-31 lines per page. The large initial letters are rubricated, the initial for epsilon
has motif of the hand.
The text is divided according to the (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the Ammonian Sections
(in Mark 236 Sections, the last in 16:11), with references to the Eusebian Canons (written below Ammonian Section numbers).
It contains the Eusebian Canon tables, Argumentum, the Epistula ad Carpianum
, Prolegomena, lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical use), Synaxarion, and Menologion.
It has subscriptions at the end of each Gospel with numbers of stichoi.
The texts of Matthew 16:2b–3, John 5:4, and John 7:53-8:11 are marked by an obelus
. Citations from the Old Testament
are marked by an asterisk
.
, but with some alien readings. Hermann von Soden classified it as Iβα. Kurt Aland
did not place it in any Category
. According to the Claremont Profile Method it belongs to the textual group 1216 in Luke 1, Luke 10, and Luke 20 as a core member.
Textually it is close to the manuscripts 477
and 1279.
it was εγραφη συν θεω η βιβλος ταυτη των αγιων και αραπτων ευαγγελιων: ετους βφλα, ινδ εις τας ΚΘ δεκεμβριου μηνος η χειρ μεν η γραψασα σηπεται ταφω, γραφη δε μενει προς χρονους πληρεστατους. In the year 1023 29 December.
The manuscript was written in Calabria
. It once belonged to "J. V. Pinelli".
The manuscript was examined by Scholz and Burgon. It was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Scholz (1794–1852).
Edward Maunde Thompson
edited facsimile of one page the codex.
C. R. Gregory saw it in 1886.
The manuscript is currently housed at the Biblioteca Ambrosiana
(B. 56 sup.) in Milan
.
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
minuscule manuscript
Manuscript
A manuscript or handwrite is written information that has been manually created by someone or some people, such as a hand-written letter, as opposed to being printed or reproduced some other way...
of the New Testament
New Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
, on parchment. Dated by a colophon
Colophon (publishing)
In publishing, a colophon is either:* A brief description of publication or production notes relevant to the edition, in modern books usually located at the reverse of the title page, but can also sometimes be located at the end of the book, or...
to the year 1022 (29 December).
It has full marginalia
Marginalia
Marginalia are scribbles, comments, and illuminations in the margins of a book.- Biblical manuscripts :Biblical manuscripts have liturgical notes at the margin, for liturgical use. Numbers of texts' divisions are given at the margin...
.
Description
The codex contains a complete text of the four GospelGospel
A gospel is an account, often written, that describes the life of Jesus of Nazareth. In a more general sense the term "gospel" may refer to the good news message of the New Testament. It is primarily used in reference to the four canonical gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John...
s on 187 parchment leaves . The text is written in two columns per page, in 30-31 lines per page. The large initial letters are rubricated, the initial for epsilon
Epsilon
Epsilon is the fifth letter of the Greek alphabet, corresponding phonetically to a close-mid front unrounded vowel . In the system of Greek numerals it has a value of 5. It was derived from the Phoenician letter He...
has motif of the hand.
The text is divided according to the (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the Ammonian Sections
Ammonian Sections
Eusebian canons or Eusebian sections, also known as Ammonian Sections, are the system of dividing the four Gospels used between late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. The divisions into chapters and verses used in modern texts date only from the 13th and 16th centuries, respectively...
(in Mark 236 Sections, the last in 16:11), with references to the Eusebian Canons (written below Ammonian Section numbers).
It contains the Eusebian Canon tables, Argumentum, the Epistula ad Carpianum
Epistula ad Carpianum
The Epistula ad Carpianum is the title traditionally given to a letter from Eusebius of Caesarea to a Christian named Carpianus....
, Prolegomena, lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical use), Synaxarion, and Menologion.
It has subscriptions at the end of each Gospel with numbers of stichoi.
The texts of Matthew 16:2b–3, John 5:4, and John 7:53-8:11 are marked by an obelus
Obelus
An obelus is a symbol consisting of a short horizontal line with a dot above and below. It is mainly used to represent the mathematical operation of division. It is therefore commonly referred to as the division sign.- History :The word "obelus" comes from the Greek word for a sharpened stick,...
. Citations from the Old Testament
Old Testament
The Old Testament, of which Christians hold different views, is a Christian term for the religious writings of ancient Israel held sacred and inspired by Christians which overlaps with the 24-book canon of the Masoretic Text of Judaism...
are marked by an asterisk
Asterisk
An asterisk is a typographical symbol or glyph. It is so called because it resembles a conventional image of a star. Computer scientists and mathematicians often pronounce it as star...
.
Text
The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-typeByzantine text-type
The Byzantine text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts. It is the form found in the largest number of surviving manuscripts, though not in the oldest...
, but with some alien readings. Hermann von Soden classified it as Iβα. Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland was a German Theologian and Professor of New Testament Research and Church History. He founded the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster and served as its first director for many years...
did not place it in any Category
Categories of New Testament manuscripts
New Testament manuscripts in Greek are categorized into five groups, according to a scheme introduced in 1981 by Kurt and Barbara Aland in Der Text des Neuen Testaments. The categories are based on how each manuscript relates to the various text-types. Generally speaking, earlier Alexandrian...
. According to the Claremont Profile Method it belongs to the textual group 1216 in Luke 1, Luke 10, and Luke 20 as a core member.
Textually it is close to the manuscripts 477
Minuscule 477
Minuscule 477 , α 350 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century.Scrivener labelled it by number 508...
and 1279.
History
According to the colophonColophon (publishing)
In publishing, a colophon is either:* A brief description of publication or production notes relevant to the edition, in modern books usually located at the reverse of the title page, but can also sometimes be located at the end of the book, or...
it was εγραφη συν θεω η βιβλος ταυτη των αγιων και αραπτων ευαγγελιων: ετους βφλα, ινδ εις τας ΚΘ δεκεμβριου μηνος η χειρ μεν η γραψασα σηπεται ταφω, γραφη δε μενει προς χρονους πληρεστατους. In the year 1023 29 December.
The manuscript was written in Calabria
Calabria
Calabria , in antiquity known as Bruttium, is a region in southern Italy, south of Naples, located at the "toe" of the Italian Peninsula. The capital city of Calabria is Catanzaro....
. It once belonged to "J. V. Pinelli".
The manuscript was examined by Scholz and Burgon. It was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Scholz (1794–1852).
Edward Maunde Thompson
Edward Maunde Thompson
Sir Edward Maunde Thompson, GCB was a British palaeographer and Principal Librarian and first Director of the British Museum. He is also noted for his study of William Shakespeare's handwriting in the manuscript of the play Sir Thomas More.-Biography:Thompson's father was Edward Thompson, Custos...
edited facsimile of one page the codex.
C. R. Gregory saw it in 1886.
The manuscript is currently housed at the Biblioteca Ambrosiana
Biblioteca Ambrosiana
The Biblioteca Ambrosiana is a historic library in Milan, Italy, also housing the Pinacoteca Ambrosiana, the Ambrosian art gallery. Named after Ambrose, the patron saint of Milan, it was founded by Cardinal Federico Borromeo , whose agents scoured Western Europe and even Greece and Syria for books...
(B. 56 sup.) in Milan
Milan
Milan is the second-largest city in Italy and the capital city of the region of Lombardy and of the province of Milan. The city proper has a population of about 1.3 million, while its urban area, roughly coinciding with its administrative province and the bordering Province of Monza and Brianza ,...
.
See also
- List of New Testament minuscules
- Biblical manuscriptBiblical manuscriptA biblical manuscript is any handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Bible. The word Bible comes from the Greek biblia ; manuscript comes from Latin manu and scriptum...
- Textual criticismTextual criticismTextual criticism is a branch of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification and removal of transcription errors in the texts of manuscripts...
Further reading
- J. M. A. Scholz, Biblisch-kritische Reise (Leipzig, 1823), pp. 70–73
- Edward Maunde ThompsonEdward Maunde ThompsonSir Edward Maunde Thompson, GCB was a British palaeographer and Principal Librarian and first Director of the British Museum. He is also noted for his study of William Shakespeare's handwriting in the manuscript of the play Sir Thomas More.-Biography:Thompson's father was Edward Thompson, Custos...
, An Introduction to Greek and Latin Paleography (Oxford 1912), p. 238 (plate 62) - Catalogus graecorum Bibliothecace Ambrosianae (Mediolani 1906), vol. I, pp. 108–109.
External links
- Minuscule 348 at the Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism
- Image
