Minuscule 656
Encyclopedia
Minuscule 656 δ 463 (von Soden), is a Greek
minuscule manuscript
of the New Testament
, on parchment. Palaeographically
it has been assigned to the 12th century. The manuscript is lacunose. Scrivener
labelled it by 642e.
, on 140 parchment leaves (size ) with a large lacunae
at the beginning and end (Matthew
, Mark
, Luke
24:51; 2 Thessalonians
–Hebrews
, Book of Revelation
). The manuscript begins with Luke 24:51, and ends after 1 Thessalonians
. It probably once contained all the New Testament.
The text is written in one column per page, 30-40 lines per page, in very small letters. It contains the lists of the before every book. The text is divided according to the (chapters) and Ammonian Sections. The numbers of the are given on the left margin, and their (titles) are placed at the top. The Ammonian Sections are given with a references to the Eusebian Canons on the left margin. The number of the Ammonian Sections is usual. It contains also lectionary markings noticed lessons for reading in the feasts, subscriptions at the end of the books, and stichoi.
. Kurt Aland
placed it in Category V. It was not examined by using the Claremont Profile Method because of defective text of the manuscript.
The text of the Pericope Adulterae (John 7:53-8:11) is marked with an obelus
, it means the authenticity of this text was doubtful for the scribe.
to the 12th century.
Formerly the manuscript was housed in Berlin (König. Bibl. Gr. Octavo 9).
Currently the manuscript is housed at the Berlin State Library
(Graec. octavo 9), in Berlin
.
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
minuscule manuscript
Manuscript
A manuscript or handwrite is written information that has been manually created by someone or some people, such as a hand-written letter, as opposed to being printed or reproduced some other way...
of the New Testament
New Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
, on parchment. Palaeographically
Palaeography
Palaeography, also spelt paleography is the study of ancient writing. Included in the discipline is the practice of deciphering, reading, and dating historical manuscripts, and the cultural context of writing, including the methods with which writing and books were produced, and the history of...
it has been assigned to the 12th century. The manuscript is lacunose. Scrivener
Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener
The Reverend Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener, LL.D. was an important text critic of the New Testament and a member of the English New Testament Revision Committee which produced the Revised Version of the Bible...
labelled it by 642e.
Description
The codex contains the text of the New TestamentNew Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
, on 140 parchment leaves (size ) with a large lacunae
Lacuna (manuscripts)
A lacunaPlural lacunae. From Latin lacūna , diminutive form of lacus . is a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or a musical work...
at the beginning and end (Matthew
Gospel of Matthew
The Gospel According to Matthew is one of the four canonical gospels, one of the three synoptic gospels, and the first book of the New Testament. It tells of the life, ministry, death, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth...
, Mark
Gospel of Mark
The Gospel According to Mark , commonly shortened to the Gospel of Mark or simply Mark, is the second book of the New Testament. This canonical account of the life of Jesus of Nazareth is one of the three synoptic gospels. It was thought to be an epitome, which accounts for its place as the second...
, Luke
Gospel of Luke
The Gospel According to Luke , commonly shortened to the Gospel of Luke or simply Luke, is the third and longest of the four canonical Gospels. This synoptic gospel is an account of the life and ministry of Jesus of Nazareth. It details his story from the events of his birth to his Ascension.The...
24:51; 2 Thessalonians
Second Epistle to the Thessalonians
The Second Epistle of Paul to the Thessalonians, often referred to as Second Thessalonians and written 2 Thessalonians, is a book from the New Testament of the Christian Bible...
–Hebrews
Epistle to the Hebrews
The Epistle to the Hebrews is one of the books in the New Testament. Its author is not known.The primary purpose of the Letter to the Hebrews is to exhort Christians to persevere in the face of persecution. The central thought of the entire Epistle is the doctrine of the Person of Christ and his...
, Book of Revelation
Book of Revelation
The Book of Revelation is the final book of the New Testament. The title came into usage from the first word of the book in Koine Greek: apokalupsis, meaning "unveiling" or "revelation"...
). The manuscript begins with Luke 24:51, and ends after 1 Thessalonians
First Epistle to the Thessalonians
The First Epistle to the Thessalonians, usually referred to simply as First Thessalonians and often written 1 Thessalonians, is a book from the New Testament of the Christian Bible....
. It probably once contained all the New Testament.
The text is written in one column per page, 30-40 lines per page, in very small letters. It contains the lists of the before every book. The text is divided according to the (chapters) and Ammonian Sections. The numbers of the are given on the left margin, and their (titles) are placed at the top. The Ammonian Sections are given with a references to the Eusebian Canons on the left margin. The number of the Ammonian Sections is usual. It contains also lectionary markings noticed lessons for reading in the feasts, subscriptions at the end of the books, and stichoi.
Text
The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-typeByzantine text-type
The Byzantine text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts. It is the form found in the largest number of surviving manuscripts, though not in the oldest...
. Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland was a German Theologian and Professor of New Testament Research and Church History. He founded the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster and served as its first director for many years...
placed it in Category V. It was not examined by using the Claremont Profile Method because of defective text of the manuscript.
The text of the Pericope Adulterae (John 7:53-8:11) is marked with an obelus
Obelus
An obelus is a symbol consisting of a short horizontal line with a dot above and below. It is mainly used to represent the mathematical operation of division. It is therefore commonly referred to as the division sign.- History :The word "obelus" comes from the Greek word for a sharpened stick,...
, it means the authenticity of this text was doubtful for the scribe.
History
The manuscript was variously dated in the past. Scrivener dated the manuscript to the 11th century, Gregory dated it to the 14th century. Currently the manuscript is dated by the INTFInstitute for New Testament Textual Research
The Institute for New Testament Textual Research at the University of Münster, Westphalia, Germany, is an institute for the investigation of the text of the New Testament. The INTF was founded in Münster in 1959 by Professor Kurt Aland , the first director of the Institute...
to the 12th century.
Formerly the manuscript was housed in Berlin (König. Bibl. Gr. Octavo 9).
Currently the manuscript is housed at the Berlin State Library
Berlin State Library
The Berlin State Library is a library in Berlin, Germany and a property of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation.-Buildings:The State Library runs several premises, three of which are open for users, namely House 1 in Unter den Linden 8, House 2 in Potsdamer Straße 33 and the newspaper archive...
(Graec. octavo 9), in Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
.
See also
- List of New Testament minuscules
- Biblical manuscriptBiblical manuscriptA biblical manuscript is any handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Bible. The word Bible comes from the Greek biblia ; manuscript comes from Latin manu and scriptum...
- Textual criticismTextual criticismTextual criticism is a branch of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification and removal of transcription errors in the texts of manuscripts...
- Minuscule 653Minuscule 653Minuscule 653 , ε 182 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. It is dated by a colophon to the year 1077. The manuscript has not complex contents. Scrivener labelled it by 640e....