Minuscule 93
Encyclopedia
Minuscule 93 α 51 (Soden), formerly known as Codex Graevii, is a Greek
minuscule manuscript
of the New Testament
, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically
it has been assigned to the 10th century.
Formerly it was labelled it by 17a, 21p, and 18r.
It has full marginalia
.
, Paul
, Rev.
, with some lacunae
(Romans 16:17-27; 1 Corinthians 1:1-7; Hebrews 13:15-25; Revelation 1:1-5), on 270 parchment leaves . The order of books is an usual: Acts, Catholic epistles, Pauline epistles, and Apocalypse. The Hebrews follows Philemon.
The text is written in one column per page, 27 lines per page. Text of Rev 1:1-5 was supplied by a later hand.
The text is divided according to the (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and the τιτλοι (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages.
It contains prolegomena, tables of the (table of contents) before each book, liturgical notes at the margin (for liturgical use), incipits, subscriptions at the end of each book, numbers of στιχοι
, and music notes. It has an additional material: Life of prophets and treatise of Pseudo-Dorotheus
about 12 apostles and 70 disciples of Jesus (as codices 82
, 177
, 459
, 613
, 617
, 699
).
. Aland
placed it in Category V.
In Catholic epistles it has 20-30% non-Byzantine readings.
and was purchased by Pierre Séguier
(1588–1672). It was examined by Bernard de Montfaucon
Johann Jakob Wettstein
, and Paulin Martin
. C. R. Gregory saw the manuscript in 1885. Herman C. Hoskier
collated the text of the Apocalypse.
Formerly it was labelled it by 17a, 21p, and 18r. In 1908 Gregory gave for it number 93.
It is currently housed in at the Bibliothèque nationale de France
(Fonds Coislin, Gr. 205), at Paris
.
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
minuscule manuscript
Manuscript
A manuscript or handwrite is written information that has been manually created by someone or some people, such as a hand-written letter, as opposed to being printed or reproduced some other way...
of the New Testament
New Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically
Palaeography
Palaeography, also spelt paleography is the study of ancient writing. Included in the discipline is the practice of deciphering, reading, and dating historical manuscripts, and the cultural context of writing, including the methods with which writing and books were produced, and the history of...
it has been assigned to the 10th century.
Formerly it was labelled it by 17a, 21p, and 18r.
It has full marginalia
Marginalia
Marginalia are scribbles, comments, and illuminations in the margins of a book.- Biblical manuscripts :Biblical manuscripts have liturgical notes at the margin, for liturgical use. Numbers of texts' divisions are given at the margin...
.
Description
The codex contains the text of ActsActs of the Apostles
The Acts of the Apostles , usually referred to simply as Acts, is the fifth book of the New Testament; Acts outlines the history of the Apostolic Age...
, Paul
Pauline epistles
The Pauline epistles, Epistles of Paul, or Letters of Paul, are the thirteen New Testament books which have the name Paul as the first word, hence claiming authorship by Paul the Apostle. Among these letters are some of the earliest extant Christian documents...
, Rev.
Book of Revelation
The Book of Revelation is the final book of the New Testament. The title came into usage from the first word of the book in Koine Greek: apokalupsis, meaning "unveiling" or "revelation"...
, with some lacunae
Lacuna (manuscripts)
A lacunaPlural lacunae. From Latin lacūna , diminutive form of lacus . is a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or a musical work...
(Romans 16:17-27; 1 Corinthians 1:1-7; Hebrews 13:15-25; Revelation 1:1-5), on 270 parchment leaves . The order of books is an usual: Acts, Catholic epistles, Pauline epistles, and Apocalypse. The Hebrews follows Philemon.
The text is written in one column per page, 27 lines per page. Text of Rev 1:1-5 was supplied by a later hand.
The text is divided according to the (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and the τιτλοι (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages.
It contains prolegomena, tables of the (table of contents) before each book, liturgical notes at the margin (for liturgical use), incipits, subscriptions at the end of each book, numbers of στιχοι
Stichometry
Stichometry is a term applied to the measurement of ancient texts by στίχοι or verses of a fixed standard length.It was the custom of the Greeks and Romans to estimate the length of their literary works by measured lines...
, and music notes. It has an additional material: Life of prophets and treatise of Pseudo-Dorotheus
Dorotheus of Tyre
Saint Dorotheus bishop of Tyre is traditionally credited with an Acts of the Seventy Apostles , who were sent out according to the Gospel of Luke 10:1....
about 12 apostles and 70 disciples of Jesus (as codices 82
Minuscule 82
Minuscule 82 , O1 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 10th century. Formerly it was labelled by 10a, 12p, and 2r...
, 177
Minuscule 177
Minuscule 177 , α 106 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. Formerly it was labelled by 179a, 128p, and 82r...
, 459
Minuscule 459
Minuscule 459 , α 104 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment...
, 613
Minuscule 613
Minuscule 613 , α 298 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century. The manuscript is lacunose...
, 617
Minuscule 617
Minuscule 617 , O 13 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. The manuscript is lacunose...
, 699
Minuscule 699
Minuscule 699 , δ104 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. Some leaves of the manuscript were lost...
).
Text
The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-typeByzantine text-type
The Byzantine text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts. It is the form found in the largest number of surviving manuscripts, though not in the oldest...
. Aland
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland was a German Theologian and Professor of New Testament Research and Church History. He founded the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster and served as its first director for many years...
placed it in Category V.
In Catholic epistles it has 20-30% non-Byzantine readings.
History
In 1079 the manuscript was bought by Antonius, a monk. It was held in ConstantinopleConstantinople
Constantinople was the capital of the Roman, Eastern Roman, Byzantine, Latin, and Ottoman Empires. Throughout most of the Middle Ages, Constantinople was Europe's largest and wealthiest city.-Names:...
and was purchased by Pierre Séguier
Pierre Séguier
-Early years:Born in Paris, France of a prominent legal family originating in Quercy. His grandfather, Pierre Séguier , was président à mortier in the parlement of Paris from 1554 to 1576, and the chancellor's father, Jean Séguier, a seigneur d'Autry, was civil lieutenant of Paris at the time of...
(1588–1672). It was examined by Bernard de Montfaucon
Bernard de Montfaucon
Bernard de Montfaucon was a French Benedictine monk, a scholar who founded a new discipline, palaeography; an editor of works of the Fathers of the Church; he is also regarded to be one of the founders of modern archaeology.-Early life:Montfaucon was born January 13, 1655 in the castle of...
Johann Jakob Wettstein
Johann Jakob Wettstein
Johann Jakob Wettstein was a Swiss theologian, best known as a New Testament critic.-Youth and study:...
, and Paulin Martin
Paulin Martin
Paulin Martin was a French Catholic Biblical scholar.-Life:...
. C. R. Gregory saw the manuscript in 1885. Herman C. Hoskier
Herman C. Hoskier
Herman Charles Hoskier , was a biblical scholar, British textual critic, and son of a merchant banker, Herman Hoskier .Hoskier, as textual critic, supported the Byzantine text-type against the Alexandrian text-type...
collated the text of the Apocalypse.
Formerly it was labelled it by 17a, 21p, and 18r. In 1908 Gregory gave for it number 93.
It is currently housed in at the Bibliothèque nationale de France
Bibliothèque nationale de France
The is the National Library of France, located in Paris. It is intended to be the repository of all that is published in France. The current president of the library is Bruno Racine.-History:...
(Fonds Coislin, Gr. 205), at Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
.
See also
- List of New Testament minuscules
- Biblical manuscriptBiblical manuscriptA biblical manuscript is any handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Bible. The word Bible comes from the Greek biblia ; manuscript comes from Latin manu and scriptum...
- Textual criticismTextual criticismTextual criticism is a branch of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification and removal of transcription errors in the texts of manuscripts...
Further reading
- Herman C. Hoskier, Concerning the Text of the Apocalypse: Collation of All Existing Available Greek Documents with the Standard Text of Stephen’s Third Edition Together with the Testimony of Versions, Commentaries and Fathers. 1 vol. (London: Bernard QuaritchBernard QuaritchBernard Quaritch, full name Bernard Alexander Christian Quaritch, was a German-born British bookseller and collector....
, Ltd., 1929), p. 37. (for r)
External links
- Minuscule 93 at the Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism