Mir-181 microRNA precursor
Encyclopedia
miR-181 microRNA precursor is a small non-coding RNA
molecules. MicroRNAs are transcribed as ~70 nucleotide
precursors and subsequently processed by the Dicer
enzyme to give a ~22 nucleotide mature product. In this case the mature sequence comes from the 5' arm of the precursor. The mature products are thought to have regulatory roles through complementarity to target mRNAs. miR-181 which has been predicted or experimentally confirmed in a wide number of vertebrate species (MIPF0000007). It has been shown that miR-181 is preferentially expressed in the B-lymphoid cells
of mouse bone marrow
, but also in the retina
and brain
.
Non-coding RNA
A non-coding RNA is a functional RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. Less-frequently used synonyms are non-protein-coding RNA , non-messenger RNA and functional RNA . The term small RNA is often used for short bacterial ncRNAs...
molecules. MicroRNAs are transcribed as ~70 nucleotide
Nucleotide
Nucleotides are molecules that, when joined together, make up the structural units of RNA and DNA. In addition, nucleotides participate in cellular signaling , and are incorporated into important cofactors of enzymatic reactions...
precursors and subsequently processed by the Dicer
Dicer
Dicer is an endoribonuclease in the RNase III family that cleaves double-stranded RNA and pre-microRNA into short double-stranded RNA fragments called small interfering RNA about 20-25 nucleotides long, usually with a two-base overhang on the 3' end...
enzyme to give a ~22 nucleotide mature product. In this case the mature sequence comes from the 5' arm of the precursor. The mature products are thought to have regulatory roles through complementarity to target mRNAs. miR-181 which has been predicted or experimentally confirmed in a wide number of vertebrate species (MIPF0000007). It has been shown that miR-181 is preferentially expressed in the B-lymphoid cells
Lymphocyte
A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell in the vertebrate immune system.Under the microscope, lymphocytes can be divided into large lymphocytes and small lymphocytes. Large granular lymphocytes include natural killer cells...
of mouse bone marrow
Bone marrow
Bone marrow is the flexible tissue found in the interior of bones. In humans, bone marrow in large bones produces new blood cells. On average, bone marrow constitutes 4% of the total body mass of humans; in adults weighing 65 kg , bone marrow accounts for approximately 2.6 kg...
, but also in the retina
Retina
The vertebrate retina is a light-sensitive tissue lining the inner surface of the eye. The optics of the eye create an image of the visual world on the retina, which serves much the same function as the film in a camera. Light striking the retina initiates a cascade of chemical and electrical...
and brain
Brain
The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals—only a few primitive invertebrates such as sponges, jellyfish, sea squirts and starfishes do not have one. It is located in the head, usually close to primary sensory apparatus such as vision, hearing,...
.
Targets of miR-181
- Naguibneva et al. showed that miR-181 targets the homeoboxHomeoboxA homeobox is a DNA sequence found within genes that are involved in the regulation of patterns of anatomical development in animals, fungi and plants.- Discovery :...
protein Hox-A11 and participates in establishing muscle tissue. - Pekarsky et al.. showed that the Tcl1 oncogeneOncogeneAn oncogene is a gene that has the potential to cause cancer. In tumor cells, they are often mutated or expressed at high levels.An oncogene is a gene found in the chromosomes of tumor cells whose activation is associated with the initial and continuing conversion of normal cells into cancer...
is a target of miR-181. - Kazenwadel et al. showed that miR-181a binds the 3' UTR of Prox1PROX1Prospero homeobox protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PROX1 gene....
leading to translation repression and transcript degradation. Prox1 is a homeobox transcription factor involved in development of the lymphatic endothelium.