Mittelsinn
Encyclopedia
Mittelsinn is a community in the Main-Spessart district
in the Regierungsbezirk
of Lower Franconia
(Unterfranken) in Bavaria
, Germany
and a member of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft (Administrative Community) of Burgsinn.
The community has the following Gemarkungen (traditional rural cadastral areas): Mittelsinn, Forst Aura.
(in 1803 first to Bavaria, and then in 1805 to the Grand Duchy of Würzburg
), with which it passed in 1814 to Bavaria. The local rights held by the Electorate of Hesse-Kassel
, however, did not pass to Bavaria until 1860. In the course of administrative reform in Bavaria, the current community came into being with the Gemeindeedikt (“Municipal Edict”) of 1818.
No later than the 19th century, there were Jewish
families living in Mittelsinn who formed their own community and built a synagogue
. This was destroyed on Kristallnacht
(9 November 1938), as recalled by a memorial plaque at the savings and loan institution across the street from the synagogue’s former site.
might be described thus: Per fess in chief dexter dancetty of three gules and argent, in chief sinister Or two official’s staves in saltire of the first, in base vert a waterwheel spoked of six of the third surmounted by a pale wavy of the second.
On the escutcheon’s upper half, on the dexter (armsbearer’s right, viewer’s left) side, are the arms formerly borne by the Princely Electorate (Hochstift) of Würzburg, referring to the community’s former allegiance to that state. On the sinister (armsbearer’s left, viewer’s right) side, the two staves refer to the special tithe court whose seat Mittelsinn once was. They also symbolize the Hessian-Bavarian condominium
that existed here from the early 19th century until 1866. From the 15th century, the lordship and court rights over Mittelsinn were held by several lords, leading to the creation of the Vierherrschaft, or “Four-Lordship”. Prime among these lords were the Lords of Thüngen and the Lords of Hutten, to whom the tincture
s Or and gules (gold and red) refer, as both noble families’ arms showed these tinctures. The charge
s in the escutcheon’s lower half, a waterwheel and a wavy pale (vertical stripe) symbolize the River Sinn and its mills. The tincture vert (green) stands for the community’s rural character and for its location between the Rhön
and the Spessart
.
The arms have been borne since 1980 after a decision by the community council was approved by the government of Lower Franconia.
and forestry
in 1998. In producing businesses this was 105, and in trade and transport
7. In other areas, 42 workers on the social welfare contribution rolls were employed, and 352 such workers worked from home. There were 4 processing businesses. One business was in construction, and furthermore, in 1999, there were 36 agricultural operations with a working area of 419 ha, of which 87 ha was cropland and 298 ha was meadowland.
Main-Spessart
Main-Spessart is a district in Bavaria, Germany. It is bounded by the districts of Bad Kissingen, Schweinfurt and Würzburg, the state of Baden-Württemberg , the districts of Miltenberg and Aschaffenburg, and the state of Hesse .-History:The district was established in 1972 by merging the former...
in the Regierungsbezirk
Regierungsbezirk
In Germany, a Government District, in German: Regierungsbezirk – is a subdivision of certain federal states .They are above the Kreise, Landkreise, and kreisfreie Städte...
of Lower Franconia
Lower Franconia
Lower Franconia is one of the three administrative regions of Franconia in Bavaria , Germany ....
(Unterfranken) in Bavaria
Bavaria
Bavaria, formally the Free State of Bavaria is a state of Germany, located in the southeast of Germany. With an area of , it is the largest state by area, forming almost 20% of the total land area of Germany...
, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
and a member of the Verwaltungsgemeinschaft (Administrative Community) of Burgsinn.
Location
Mittelsinn lies in the Würzburg Region.The community has the following Gemarkungen (traditional rural cadastral areas): Mittelsinn, Forst Aura.
History
The greater part of the former Amt of the Princely Electorate (Hochstift) of Würzburg had passed by 1808 to the Principality of AschaffenburgPrincipality of Aschaffenburg
The Principality of Aschaffenburg was a principality of the Holy Roman Empire and the Confederation of the Rhine from 1803–10. Its capital was Aschaffenburg....
(in 1803 first to Bavaria, and then in 1805 to the Grand Duchy of Würzburg
Grand Duchy of Würzburg
The Grand Duchy of Würzburg was a German grand duchy centered on Würzburg existing in the early 19th century.As a consequence of the 1801 Treaty of Lunéville, the Bishopric of Würzburg was secularized in 1803 and granted to Bavaria. In the same year Ferdinand III, former Grand Duke of Tuscany, was...
), with which it passed in 1814 to Bavaria. The local rights held by the Electorate of Hesse-Kassel
Hesse-Kassel
The Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel or Hesse-Cassel was a state in the Holy Roman Empire under Imperial immediacy that came into existence when the Landgraviate of Hesse was divided in 1567 upon the death of Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse. His eldest son William IV inherited the northern half and the...
, however, did not pass to Bavaria until 1860. In the course of administrative reform in Bavaria, the current community came into being with the Gemeindeedikt (“Municipal Edict”) of 1818.
No later than the 19th century, there were Jewish
Judaism
Judaism ) is the "religion, philosophy, and way of life" of the Jewish people...
families living in Mittelsinn who formed their own community and built a synagogue
Synagogue
A synagogue is a Jewish house of prayer. This use of the Greek term synagogue originates in the Septuagint where it sometimes translates the Hebrew word for assembly, kahal...
. This was destroyed on Kristallnacht
Kristallnacht
Kristallnacht, also referred to as the Night of Broken Glass, and also Reichskristallnacht, Pogromnacht, and Novemberpogrome, was a pogrom or series of attacks against Jews throughout Nazi Germany and parts of Austria on 9–10 November 1938.Jewish homes were ransacked, as were shops, towns and...
(9 November 1938), as recalled by a memorial plaque at the savings and loan institution across the street from the synagogue’s former site.
Politics
Municipal taxes in 1999 amounted to €435,000 (converted), of which net business taxes amounted to €101,000.Coat of arms
The community’s armsCoat of arms
A coat of arms is a unique heraldic design on a shield or escutcheon or on a surcoat or tabard used to cover and protect armour and to identify the wearer. Thus the term is often stated as "coat-armour", because it was anciently displayed on the front of a coat of cloth...
might be described thus: Per fess in chief dexter dancetty of three gules and argent, in chief sinister Or two official’s staves in saltire of the first, in base vert a waterwheel spoked of six of the third surmounted by a pale wavy of the second.
On the escutcheon’s upper half, on the dexter (armsbearer’s right, viewer’s left) side, are the arms formerly borne by the Princely Electorate (Hochstift) of Würzburg, referring to the community’s former allegiance to that state. On the sinister (armsbearer’s left, viewer’s right) side, the two staves refer to the special tithe court whose seat Mittelsinn once was. They also symbolize the Hessian-Bavarian condominium
Condominium (international law)
In international law, a condominium is a political territory in or over which two or more sovereign powers formally agree to share equally dominium and exercise their rights jointly, without dividing it up into 'national' zones.Although a condominium has always been...
that existed here from the early 19th century until 1866. From the 15th century, the lordship and court rights over Mittelsinn were held by several lords, leading to the creation of the Vierherrschaft, or “Four-Lordship”. Prime among these lords were the Lords of Thüngen and the Lords of Hutten, to whom the tincture
Tincture (heraldry)
In heraldry, tinctures are the colours used to emblazon a coat of arms. These can be divided into several categories including light tinctures called metals, dark tinctures called colours, nonstandard colours called stains, furs, and "proper". A charge tinctured proper is coloured as it would be...
s Or and gules (gold and red) refer, as both noble families’ arms showed these tinctures. The charge
Charge (heraldry)
In heraldry, a charge is any emblem or device occupying the field of an escutcheon . This may be a geometric design or a symbolic representation of a person, animal, plant, object or other device...
s in the escutcheon’s lower half, a waterwheel and a wavy pale (vertical stripe) symbolize the River Sinn and its mills. The tincture vert (green) stands for the community’s rural character and for its location between the Rhön
Rhön Mountains
The Rhön Mountains are a group of low mountains in central Germany, located around the border area where the states of Hesse, Bavaria and Thuringia come together. These mountains, which are at the extreme southeast end of the East Hesse Highlands , are partly a result of ancient volcanic activity...
and the Spessart
Spessart
The Spessart is a low mountain range in northwestern Bavaria and southern Hesse, Germany. It is bordered on three sides by the Main River. The two most important towns located at the foot of the Spessart are Aschaffenburg and Würzburg....
.
The arms have been borne since 1980 after a decision by the community council was approved by the government of Lower Franconia.
Economy and infrastructure
According to official statistics, there were 5 workers on the social welfare contribution rolls working in agricultureAgriculture
Agriculture is the cultivation of animals, plants, fungi and other life forms for food, fiber, and other products used to sustain life. Agriculture was the key implement in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that nurtured the...
and forestry
Forestry
Forestry is the interdisciplinary profession embracing the science, art, and craft of creating, managing, using, and conserving forests and associated resources in a sustainable manner to meet desired goals, needs, and values for human benefit. Forestry is practiced in plantations and natural stands...
in 1998. In producing businesses this was 105, and in trade and transport
Transport
Transport or transportation is the movement of people, cattle, animals and goods from one location to another. Modes of transport include air, rail, road, water, cable, pipeline, and space. The field can be divided into infrastructure, vehicles, and operations...
7. In other areas, 42 workers on the social welfare contribution rolls were employed, and 352 such workers worked from home. There were 4 processing businesses. One business was in construction, and furthermore, in 1999, there were 36 agricultural operations with a working area of 419 ha, of which 87 ha was cropland and 298 ha was meadowland.
Education
As of 1999 the following institutions existed in Mittelsinn:- KindergartenKindergartenA kindergarten is a preschool educational institution for children. The term was created by Friedrich Fröbel for the play and activity institute that he created in 1837 in Bad Blankenburg as a social experience for children for their transition from home to school...
s: 50 places with 47 children
Famous people
- Oswald Rothaug (b. 17 May 1897 in Mittelsinn; d. 4 December 1967 in CologneCologneCologne is Germany's fourth-largest city , and is the largest city both in the Germany Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia and within the Rhine-Ruhr Metropolitan Area, one of the major European metropolitan areas with more than ten million inhabitants.Cologne is located on both sides of the...
), jurist in the Third ReichNazi GermanyNazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by...
, as of 1943 Reich council at the Volksgerichtshof, sentenced to life imprisonment at NurembergJudges' TrialThe Judges' Trial was the third of the 12 trials for war crimes the U.S. authorities held in their occupation zone in Germany in Nuremberg after the end of World War II. These twelve trials were all held before U.S...
in 1946, but released in 1956.