Mongolia Garrison Army
Encyclopedia
The was an army
of the Imperial Japanese Army
during World War II
.
force Japanese-dominated Inner Mongolia
and adjacent areas of north China
. From July 4, 1938, the Mongolia Garrison Army came under the administrative jurisdiction of the North China Area Army. January 1939 the IJA Cavalry Group
was added, consisting of the IJA 1st Cavalry Brigade
and IJA 4th Cavalry Brigade
. In December 1942 the 4th Cavalry Brigade was sent to the Japanese Twelfth Army and the remainder of the Cavalry Group was converted into the IJA 3rd Tank Division
.
During most of the Second Sino-Japanese War
and due to the Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact, the Inner Mongolia was largely a backwater region, and the Mongolia Garrison Army, with its antiquated horse cavalry
functioned largely to assist and train the Mengjiang National Army and Mongolian Cavalry Corps. It was thus unprepared for the massive Soviet
Red Army
armored assault at the end of World War II
. The Mongolia Garrison Army was officially disbanded on July 27, 1946. Many of its survivors became Japanese POWs in the Soviet Union.
Corps
A corps is either a large formation, or an administrative grouping of troops within an armed force with a common function such as Artillery or Signals representing an arm of service...
of the Imperial Japanese Army
Imperial Japanese Army
-Foundation:During the Meiji Restoration, the military forces loyal to the Emperor were samurai drawn primarily from the loyalist feudal domains of Satsuma and Chōshū...
during World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
.
History
The Japanese Mongolia Garrison Army was raised on December 27, 1937 as a garrisonGarrison
Garrison is the collective term for a body of troops stationed in a particular location, originally to guard it, but now often simply using it as a home base....
force Japanese-dominated Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China, located in the northern region of the country. Inner Mongolia shares an international border with the countries of Mongolia and the Russian Federation...
and adjacent areas of north China
North China
thumb|250px|Northern [[People's Republic of China]] region.Northern China or North China is a geographical region of China. The heartland of North China is the North China Plain....
. From July 4, 1938, the Mongolia Garrison Army came under the administrative jurisdiction of the North China Area Army. January 1939 the IJA Cavalry Group
IJA Cavalry Group
The Cavalry Group of the Imperial Japanese Army was formed on April 21, 1933, consisting of the IJA 1st Cavalry Brigade and IJA 4th Cavalry Brigade. It was originally assigned to the Kwangtung Army. The IJA 3rd Cavalry Brigade was added in October 1937....
was added, consisting of the IJA 1st Cavalry Brigade
IJA 1st Cavalry Brigade
The Imperial Japanese Army 1st Cavalry Brigade originally formed November 3, 1901.It was assigned to Kwantung Army in April 1933 as part of the IJA Cavalry Group. It was then assigned with the Cavalry Group to Northern China Area Army, June 1938...
and IJA 4th Cavalry Brigade
IJA 4th Cavalry Brigade
The Imperial Japanese Army 4th Cavalry Brigade was originally formed April 1, 1909.It was assigned to Kwantung Army in April 1933 as part of the IJA Cavalry Group. It was then assigned with the Cavalry Group to Northern China Area Army, June 1938. On September 5, 1939, 4th Cavalry Brigade was put...
. In December 1942 the 4th Cavalry Brigade was sent to the Japanese Twelfth Army and the remainder of the Cavalry Group was converted into the IJA 3rd Tank Division
3rd Tank Division (Imperial Japanese Army)
The , was one of four armored divisions of the Imperial Japanese Army in World War II.-History:The 3rd Tank Division was raised in Mengjiang on June 24, 1942 as part of the Japanese Northern China Area Army under the overall aegis of the Mongolia Garrison Army...
.
During most of the Second Sino-Japanese War
Second Sino-Japanese War
The Second Sino-Japanese War was a military conflict fought primarily between the Republic of China and the Empire of Japan. From 1937 to 1941, China fought Japan with some economic help from Germany , the Soviet Union and the United States...
and due to the Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact, the Inner Mongolia was largely a backwater region, and the Mongolia Garrison Army, with its antiquated horse cavalry
Cavalry
Cavalry or horsemen were soldiers or warriors who fought mounted on horseback. Cavalry were historically the third oldest and the most mobile of the combat arms...
functioned largely to assist and train the Mengjiang National Army and Mongolian Cavalry Corps. It was thus unprepared for the massive Soviet
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
Red Army
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army started out as the Soviet Union's revolutionary communist combat groups during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1922. It grew into the national army of the Soviet Union. By the 1930s the Red Army was among the largest armies in history.The "Red Army" name refers to...
armored assault at the end of World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
. The Mongolia Garrison Army was officially disbanded on July 27, 1946. Many of its survivors became Japanese POWs in the Soviet Union.
Commanding Officer
| Name | From | To | |
| 1 | General Shigeru Hasunuma | 28 December 1937 | 31 August 1939 |
| 2 | Field Marshal Hajime Sugiyama | 31 August 1939 | 12 September 1939 |
| 3 | General Noasaburo Okabe | 12 September 1939 | 29 September 1940 |
| 4 | General Masataka Yamawaki | 29 September 1940 | 20 January 1941 |
| 5 | General Shigetaro Amakasu | 20 January 1941 | 2 March 1942 |
| 6 | Lieutenant General Ichiro Shichida | 2 March 1942 | 28 May 1943 |
| 7 | Lieutenant General Yoshio Kozuki | 28 May 1943 | 22 November 1944 |
| 8 | Lieutenant General Hiroshi Nemoto | 22 November 1944 | 19 August 1945 |
Chief of Staff
| Name | From | To | |
| 1 | Colonel Tora Ishimoto | 28 December 1937 | 13 January 1939 |
| 2 | General Shinichi Tanaka | 12 February 1939 | 1 August 1940 |
| 3 | Lieutenant General Shigeru Takahashi | 1 August 1940 | 21 October 1941 |
| 4 | Lieutenant General Toyojiro Inamura | 21 October 1941 | 1 December 1942 |
| 5 | Lieutenant General Masao Yano | 1 December 1942 | 26 October 1944 |
| 6 | Major General Ryozu Nakagawa | 26 October 1944 | 19 August 1945 |