Montalbán de Córdoba
Encyclopedia
Montalbán de Córdoba is a town in the province of Córdoba in Andalusia
, southern Spain
. The town is 42 km from Córdoba
, the capital of the province.
The first Calvario hermitage
was a small church in the outside of Montalbán, near old castle ruins, built circa 1590.
The current church was built on 1690 and was reformed several times. The current appearance is from the 18th century, and the dome was built 1850. Her style is neoclassic
, with dome and belfry. The Calvario hermitage is white.
The floor is Greek cross, with an altarpiece
, where Nuestro Padre Jesús del Calvario is in the sevillian style.
The roof of the dome has a cylindrical torch.
church, located on the corner of Madre de Dios street and Ancha street. This church was called Nuestra Señora de los Remedios from the 16th century to 1850.
At present the church is closed and often doesn't celebrated worships.
The church is oval, and it is made of brick. Inside, it has a little altar dedicated to the Inmaculada, pieces of baroque altarpiece and ruins of the old church. It has pieces of goldsmithery from the old church built into the parish cross, silver's monstrance and the shrine's door.
The old church was demolished on 1964.
The church appears to be built in the style of the 14th century, of decadent ogival style. It was 25 m long, 17 m broad and 10 m high.
It has three nave
s. The sides were vaulted and the central nave was coffered.
The church had more than a dozen altars.
The main altar was made by Gaspar Lorenzo de los Cobos in 1724.
The church had two entry doors, a front door and other in the right back, both with ogival arch. It also has a beltry with four bells and a rich patrimony of goldsmithery.
The culture house has the library, adult education, lectures and social gathering, public and official ceremonies, general presentation and cultural activities.
At present the second floor is the municipal library, while the first floor is the adult education and the main hall.
Until 1990 the library was situated on the second floor of the old medical center, at present the Office for Youth Information ("Oficina de Informacion Juvenil"). At that time, the library had 1300 volumes.
On 1990, the library was moved to the second floor of the culture house.
At this the library has over 7000 volumes.
during the 4th and 5th centuries.
These galleries form catacombs
. The catacombs were rare in the Roman empire
, and the catacombs of Montalban are the only such catacombs in Spain.
Tentecarreta has two cross galleries oriented according to the cardinal points
. The galleries are narrows and tortuous, and are heavily eroded due to humidity, collapses and avalanches of mud.
The south gallery housed a collective burial.
, around 7 km from Montalban.
During the 8th century it gave shade, shelter and rest to the peasants and travellers.
The old tree measured 15 m. A large hollow was made in its trunk, where the people made fire, severely damaging the tree.
On 1980, an association was founded for its defence. The Mesto served as inspiration to writers and artists and the tree promoted a special sensibility.
The Mesto was demolished in the summer of 1995. The Mesto stays a symbol, a feeling and a memory of something lost.
. Almost everyone goes up to Huerta Dios, a distance of around one kilometre. For around half the morning, there is a procession headed by the coach of Saint Isidore's followers, followed by other coaches, hersemen, typical suits, etc.
Andalusia
Andalusia is the most populous and the second largest in area of the autonomous communities of Spain. The Andalusian autonomous community is officially recognised as a nationality of Spain. The territory is divided into eight provinces: Huelva, Seville, Cádiz, Córdoba, Málaga, Jaén, Granada and...
, southern Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
. The town is 42 km from Córdoba
Córdoba, Spain
-History:The first trace of human presence in the area are remains of a Neanderthal Man, dating to c. 32,000 BC. In the 8th century BC, during the ancient Tartessos period, a pre-urban settlement existed. The population gradually learned copper and silver metallurgy...
, the capital of the province.
History
- PrehistoryPrehistoryPrehistory is the span of time before recorded history. Prehistory can refer to the period of human existence before the availability of those written records with which recorded history begins. More broadly, it refers to all the time preceding human existence and the invention of writing...
: Remnants of pottery were found 4 km to the south of the town. At present they are in the archaeological museum of Cordoba. - 3rd century BC: Near Montalban was an old Roman city known as SegoviaSegoviaSegovia is a city in Spain, the capital of Segovia Province in the autonomous community of Castile and León. It is situated north of Madrid, 30 minutes by high speed train. The municipality counts some 55,500 inhabitants.-Etymology:...
. - 210 BC210 BCYear 210 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Marcellus and Laevinus...
: RomansRoman RepublicThe Roman Republic was the period of the ancient Roman civilization where the government operated as a republic. It began with the overthrow of the Roman monarchy, traditionally dated around 508 BC, and its replacement by a government headed by two consuls, elected annually by the citizens and...
and Carthaginians fought in a battle in the Second Punic WarSecond Punic WarThe Second Punic War, also referred to as The Hannibalic War and The War Against Hannibal, lasted from 218 to 201 BC and involved combatants in the western and eastern Mediterranean. This was the second major war between Carthage and the Roman Republic, with the participation of the Berbers on...
. - 45 BC45 BCYear 45 BC was either a common year starting on Thursday, Friday or Saturday or a leap year starting on Friday or Saturday and the first year of the Julian calendar and a leap year starting on Friday of the Proleptic Julian calendar...
: Julius CaesarJulius CaesarGaius Julius Caesar was a Roman general and statesman and a distinguished writer of Latin prose. He played a critical role in the gradual transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire....
and PompeyPompeyGnaeus Pompeius Magnus, also known as Pompey or Pompey the Great , was a military and political leader of the late Roman Republic...
's sons fought in a battle in Caesar's civil warCaesar's civil warThe Great Roman Civil War , also known as Caesar's Civil War, was one of the last politico-military conflicts in the Roman Republic before the establishment of the Roman Empire...
. Segovia vanishes from the historical record. - 4th century to 5th century: Ruins and a catacomb are found in Tentecarreta 2 km from the town.
- 1530: Fernandez of Cordoba established Montalban.
- 1668: Montalban had a population of 1040.
- 1808-1812: French invaders burn the municipal file of Montalban and the history of the town is lost.
- 1880: Montalban had a population of 3000.
- 1910: Montalban had a population of 3300.
- 1960: Montalban had a population of 4700, but shrunk to 3800 due to emigration.
Demographics
Number of inhabitants in the last ten years:| 1999 | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.573 | 4.558 | 4.561 | 4.510 | 4.520 | 4.609 | 4.602 | 4.621 | 4.646 | 4.626 |
Representative buildings and places of interest
El Calvario
"El Calvario" is in the south of Montalbán, inside the town, though it used to be outside the town.The first Calvario hermitage
Hermitage (religious retreat)
Although today's meaning is usually a place where a hermit lives in seclusion from the world, hermitage was more commonly used to mean a settlement where a person or a group of people lived religiously, in seclusion.-Western Christian Tradition:...
was a small church in the outside of Montalbán, near old castle ruins, built circa 1590.
The current church was built on 1690 and was reformed several times. The current appearance is from the 18th century, and the dome was built 1850. Her style is neoclassic
Neoclassical architecture
Neoclassical architecture was an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century, manifested both in its details as a reaction against the Rococo style of naturalistic ornament, and in its architectural formulas as an outgrowth of some classicizing...
, with dome and belfry. The Calvario hermitage is white.
The floor is Greek cross, with an altarpiece
Altarpiece
An altarpiece is a picture or relief representing a religious subject and suspended in a frame behind the altar of a church. The altarpiece is often made up of two or more separate panels created using a technique known as panel painting. It is then called a diptych, triptych or polyptych for two,...
, where Nuestro Padre Jesús del Calvario is in the sevillian style.
The roof of the dome has a cylindrical torch.
Madre de Dios Hermitage
This church was declared a historic artistic monument in 1981, and a historical heritage of Andalusia in 1996. It is a three naveNave
In Romanesque and Gothic Christian abbey, cathedral basilica and church architecture, the nave is the central approach to the high altar, the main body of the church. "Nave" was probably suggested by the keel shape of its vaulting...
church, located on the corner of Madre de Dios street and Ancha street. This church was called Nuestra Señora de los Remedios from the 16th century to 1850.
At present the church is closed and often doesn't celebrated worships.
Santa María de Gracia Church
This church is a parish church situated in the Andalusia's square, in front of the town hall.The church is oval, and it is made of brick. Inside, it has a little altar dedicated to the Inmaculada, pieces of baroque altarpiece and ruins of the old church. It has pieces of goldsmithery from the old church built into the parish cross, silver's monstrance and the shrine's door.
The old church was demolished on 1964.
The church appears to be built in the style of the 14th century, of decadent ogival style. It was 25 m long, 17 m broad and 10 m high.
It has three nave
Nave
In Romanesque and Gothic Christian abbey, cathedral basilica and church architecture, the nave is the central approach to the high altar, the main body of the church. "Nave" was probably suggested by the keel shape of its vaulting...
s. The sides were vaulted and the central nave was coffered.
The church had more than a dozen altars.
The main altar was made by Gaspar Lorenzo de los Cobos in 1724.
The church had two entry doors, a front door and other in the right back, both with ogival arch. It also has a beltry with four bells and a rich patrimony of goldsmithery.
Culture House
This building was built on La Paz Street in 1984, when the democratic town hall arrived. It has two floors, with a total area of 250 m2. It served as the town hall while the new town hall was built.The culture house has the library, adult education, lectures and social gathering, public and official ceremonies, general presentation and cultural activities.
At present the second floor is the municipal library, while the first floor is the adult education and the main hall.
Library
The library was inaugurated in 1986.Until 1990 the library was situated on the second floor of the old medical center, at present the Office for Youth Information ("Oficina de Informacion Juvenil"). At that time, the library had 1300 volumes.
On 1990, the library was moved to the second floor of the culture house.
At this the library has over 7000 volumes.
Tentecarreta Catacombs
Tentecarreta is 2 km from Montalban. Large underground galleries were found in Tentecarreta, which served as a necropolisNecropolis
A necropolis is a large cemetery or burial ground, usually including structural tombs. The word comes from the Greek νεκρόπολις - nekropolis, literally meaning "city of the dead"...
during the 4th and 5th centuries.
These galleries form catacombs
Catacombs
Catacombs, human-made subterranean passageways for religious practice. Any chamber used as a burial place can be described as a catacomb, although the word is most commonly associated with the Roman empire...
. The catacombs were rare in the Roman empire
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
, and the catacombs of Montalban are the only such catacombs in Spain.
Tentecarreta has two cross galleries oriented according to the cardinal points
Cardinal Points
Cardinal Points is a student newspaper published in Plattsburgh, New York which serves the SUNY Plattsburgh community. The newspaper publishes 3,000 copies every Friday morning throughout the semester, from February until May 12...
. The galleries are narrows and tortuous, and are heavily eroded due to humidity, collapses and avalanches of mud.
The south gallery housed a collective burial.
El Mesto
The Mesto is an old tree, hybrid between evergreen oak and cork oakCork Oak
Quercus suber, commonly called the Cork Oak, is a medium-sized, evergreen oak tree in the section Quercus sect. Cerris. It is the primary source of cork for wine bottle stoppers and other uses, such as cork flooring. It is native to southwest Europe and northwest Africa.It grows to up to 20 m,...
, around 7 km from Montalban.
During the 8th century it gave shade, shelter and rest to the peasants and travellers.
The old tree measured 15 m. A large hollow was made in its trunk, where the people made fire, severely damaging the tree.
On 1980, an association was founded for its defence. The Mesto served as inspiration to writers and artists and the tree promoted a special sensibility.
The Mesto was demolished in the summer of 1995. The Mesto stays a symbol, a feeling and a memory of something lost.
August Fair
The fair is celebrated during August 6-8, in honour of Nuestro Padre Jesús del Calvario. During this time the main agricultural processes are finished.Romería
The pilgrimage is celebrated on May 15 in honour of Saint Isidore the LaborerIsidore the Laborer
Isidore the Laborer, also known as Isidore the Farmer, , was a Spanish day laborer known for his goodness toward the poor and animals. He is the Catholic patron saint of farmers and of Madrid and of La Ceiba, Honduras....
. Almost everyone goes up to Huerta Dios, a distance of around one kilometre. For around half the morning, there is a procession headed by the coach of Saint Isidore's followers, followed by other coaches, hersemen, typical suits, etc.
External links
- Page of City Council of Montalbán de Córdoba
- Page of Campiña Sur's comarca
- Montalbán de Córdoba, Multiterritory Information System of Andalusia
- International Fair of Garlic of Montalbán de Córdoba