Montauk Air Force Station
Encyclopedia
Montauk Air Force Station was a military base at Montauk Point on the eastern tip of Long Island
, New York
. It was decommissioned in 1981 and is now owned by the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation
as Camp Hero State Park
.
. When the Montauk Lighthouse
was first authorized in 1792, part of its mission was to keep a lookout for British
ships sailing for New York or Boston
, and as such was the first military installation at Montauk
.
Montauk was always considered a prime location for a possible invasion because of its remoteness and prime location midway between two major American cities. During World War I
, the Army stationed reconnaissance dirigibles, an airplane, troops and Coast Guard
personnel at Montauk.
In World War II
, with German U-boat
s threatening the East Coast and Long Island, Montauk was again considered a likely invasion point. The US Army
upgraded Fort Hero, and renamed it Camp Hero in 1942. The Navy also acquired land in the area, including Fort Pond Bay
and Montauk Manor
. They built docks, seaplane hangars, barracks, and other buildings in the area. There was also a huge torpedo
testing facility.
The whole facility, with Army
, Navy
and Coast Guard
constituents, was officially known as the "US Military Reservation" but the locals just called it "Camp Hero."
Camp Hero itself swelled to 278 acres (1.1 km²), and included four obsolete 16-inch naval rifles, originally intended for battleships, installed as expedient coastal artillery
pieces in concrete bunkers. The coastal gun emplacements were camouflage
d with netting and foliage. A large "Fire Control Center
" was built next to the lighthouse to direct the artillery and anti-aircraft guns. Other armaments included quadruple fifty caliber Machine Gun for low altitude defense up to large 90mm and 120mm artillery
. The camp was a self-contained town with recreational facilities, barracks
and its own power plant.
Camp Hero was also used as a training facility and a target range, with guns being fired at offshore targets.
To protect it from enemy bombers and the prying eyes of Nazi spies
in fishing boats, the entire base was built to look like a typical New England
fishing village. Concrete bunkers had windows painted on them and ornamental roofs with fake dormers. The gymnasium was made to look like a church with a faux steeple.
When World War II ended, the base was temporarily shut down and used as a training facility by the Army Reserve
. The naval facilities were largely abandoned and the gun emplacements were dismantled in 1949.
in Germany, the Cold War
was on and with the appearance of the Soviet Tupolev Tu-4
intercontinental bomber in 1947, a major concern of the United States was a possible attack by Soviet long-range bombers. In September 1948, the United States Air Force
authorized its Air Defense Command to establish temporary "Lashup" radar stations in the United States using surplus World War II
equipment to provide radar detection in the Northeastern United States.
As part of this temporary network, ADC placed an AN/TPS-1B long-range search radar at Fort Hero and activated the 773d Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron) (AC&W) in June 1948 and designed the site as Montauk Point, L-10. The Montauk site fed into a primitive control center established at Roslyn AFS, New York. On 1 December 1953, the site designation was changed to LP--45 and the Air Force facilities were re-designated as Montauk Air Force Station. Montauk AFS was incorporated into the permanent ADC network of General Surveillance Radar Stations.
With the establishment of a permanent presence, ADC equipped the site with AN/CPS-5 and AN/TPS-10A height-finder radars. A year later AN/FPS-3 and AN/FPS-5 radars were operating. Between 1955 and 1956 an AN/FPS-8/GPS-3 made an appearance at the tip of the site. In the spring of 1957 Montauk AFS received one of the first AN/FPS-20 units along with a pair of AN/FPS-6 height-finder radars.
In November 1957, the Army closed the Camp Hero portion of the military reservation as Soviet long-distance bombers could fly well above ground-based artillery. The Air Force continued using the western half of the facility for radar surveillance. The Eastern portion of the site was donated to New York State, but it remained unused because of its close proximity to a high-security facility.
During 1958 Montauk AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment
(SAGE) system, feeding data to DC-01 at McGuire AFB, New Jersey. After joining, the squadron was re-designated as the 773d Radar Squadron (SAGE) on 1 October 1958. It was also a major part of the NORAD defense system, so security was very tight. Montauk AFS was state of the art
and many new systems were developed or tested there including magnetic memory
for storage, light pen
s, keyboards
, WAN
s (Wide area network
s) and modular circuit packaging.
Montauk was the operational parent station for Texas Tower 3
(TT-3) offshore in the Atlantic Ocean from June 1958-25 March 1963. TT-3 was operated as an annex (of the 773d AC&W Squadron, it's offshore personnel assigned to a flight of the 773d, although the facility was logically supported by the 4604th Support Squadron (Texas Towers) at Otis AFB.
In December 1960 the large, high-power AN/FPS-35
radar became operational at Montauk. The reflector
was 126 feet (38.4 m) long and 38 feet (11.6 m) tall, weighing 40 tons, and was supposedly only the second ever built. It was able to detect airborne objects at distances of well over 200 miles (321.9 km). It also used "frequency diversity" technology making it resistant to electronic countermeasures
. The AN/FPS-35 was so powerful that it disrupted local TV and radio broadcasts, and had to be shut down several times and re-calibrated. The problems caused this radar to be taken out of service temporarily in 1961. With the problems resolved, the radar was operational again in 1962 and by 1963 an AN/FPS-26 had replaced one of the AN/FPS-6 height-finder radars.
In 1963 the site also had become an FAA/ADC joint-use facility. Around 1965 the site was removed from joint-use status. On 31 July 1963, the site was redesignated as NORAD ID Z-45. In 1978 the Air Force submitted a proposal to the Carter
Administration to close the base, as it was largely obsolete due to the emergence of orbital satellite reconnaissance technology. In September 1979 as part of a general draw down of anti-aircraft forces by Aerospace Defense Command Montauk AFS was transferred to Tactical Air Command
and became part of ADTAC.
In addition to the main facility, Montauk AFS operated two unmanned AN/FPS-14 Gap Filler sites:
Both sites opened in 1957. They were closed in June 1968. The Manorville site remains, although abandoned with vegetation growing over the facility. The Chilmark site is now obliterated.
The installation, which had also supplied long-range radar data for the Federal Aviation Administration
(FAA) since 1962, was kept operational until a new facility operated by the (FAA) in Riverhead, New York
was ready for use.
The Montauk installation was shutdown on January 31, 1981. Considering its size, removing the huge antenna was problematic at best so it was "abandoned in place", with its controlling motors and electronics removed, allowing it to move with the wind to prevent it being torn off its base in a storm. A GATR (Ground Air Transmitter Receiver) facility remained in service to direct military aircraft operating within the region. This system was deactivated and removed in 1984. Riverhead now controls all air traffic in the area.
Assignments:
Long Island
Long Island is an island located in the southeast part of the U.S. state of New York, just east of Manhattan. Stretching northeast into the Atlantic Ocean, Long Island contains four counties, two of which are boroughs of New York City , and two of which are mainly suburban...
, New York
New York
New York is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east...
. It was decommissioned in 1981 and is now owned by the New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation
New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation
The New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation operates :*168 state parks*35 state historic sites*76 developed beaches*53 water recreational facilities*27 golf courses*39 full service cottages*818 cabins...
as Camp Hero State Park
Camp Hero State Park
Camp Hero State Park is a park located on Montauk Point, New York that offers a beach, fishing, hiking, a bridle path, biking, and cross-country skiing. It is the former site of Montauk Air Force Station.-Post-military use:...
.
History
The eastern tip of Long Island has always had strategic significance, even in the days of the American RevolutionAmerican Revolution
The American Revolution was the political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century in which thirteen colonies in North America joined together to break free from the British Empire, combining to become the United States of America...
. When the Montauk Lighthouse
Montauk, New York
Montauk [ˈmɒntɒk] is a census-designated place that roughly corresponds to the hamlet with the same name located in the town of East Hampton in Suffolk County, New York, United States on the South Shore of Long Island. As of the United States 2000 Census, the CDP population was 3,851 as of 2000...
was first authorized in 1792, part of its mission was to keep a lookout for British
Kingdom of Great Britain
The former Kingdom of Great Britain, sometimes described as the 'United Kingdom of Great Britain', That the Two Kingdoms of Scotland and England, shall upon the 1st May next ensuing the date hereof, and forever after, be United into One Kingdom by the Name of GREAT BRITAIN. was a sovereign...
ships sailing for New York or Boston
Boston
Boston is the capital of and largest city in Massachusetts, and is one of the oldest cities in the United States. The largest city in New England, Boston is regarded as the unofficial "Capital of New England" for its economic and cultural impact on the entire New England region. The city proper had...
, and as such was the first military installation at Montauk
Montauk, New York
Montauk [ˈmɒntɒk] is a census-designated place that roughly corresponds to the hamlet with the same name located in the town of East Hampton in Suffolk County, New York, United States on the South Shore of Long Island. As of the United States 2000 Census, the CDP population was 3,851 as of 2000...
.
Montauk was always considered a prime location for a possible invasion because of its remoteness and prime location midway between two major American cities. During World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
, the Army stationed reconnaissance dirigibles, an airplane, troops and Coast Guard
United States Coast Guard
The United States Coast Guard is a branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven U.S. uniformed services. The Coast Guard is a maritime, military, multi-mission service unique among the military branches for having a maritime law enforcement mission and a federal regulatory agency...
personnel at Montauk.
World War II
Based on its history and location, it was not surprising that the government established Fort Hero in 1942 on the point just south of the lighthouse. The fort was named after Major General Andrew Hero, Jr., who was the Army's Chief of Coast Artillery between 1926 and 1930. He died in 1942.In World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, with German U-boat
U-boat
U-boat is the anglicized version of the German word U-Boot , itself an abbreviation of Unterseeboot , and refers to military submarines operated by Germany, particularly in World War I and World War II...
s threatening the East Coast and Long Island, Montauk was again considered a likely invasion point. The US Army
United States Army
The United States Army is the main branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. It is the largest and oldest established branch of the U.S. military, and is one of seven U.S. uniformed services...
upgraded Fort Hero, and renamed it Camp Hero in 1942. The Navy also acquired land in the area, including Fort Pond Bay
Fort Pond Bay
Fort Pond Bay is a bay off Long Island Sound at Montauk, New York that was site of the first port on the end of Long Island. The bay has a long naval and civilian history.-New-York Province and the American Revolution:...
and Montauk Manor
Montauk Manor
Montauk Manor is a historic resort hotel located at Montauk in Suffolk County, New York. It was built in 1926 by Carl G. Fisher and is a three story, 200 room hotel in the Tudor Revival style...
. They built docks, seaplane hangars, barracks, and other buildings in the area. There was also a huge torpedo
Torpedo
The modern torpedo is a self-propelled missile weapon with an explosive warhead, launched above or below the water surface, propelled underwater towards a target, and designed to detonate either on contact with it or in proximity to it.The term torpedo was originally employed for...
testing facility.
The whole facility, with Army
United States Army
The United States Army is the main branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. It is the largest and oldest established branch of the U.S. military, and is one of seven U.S. uniformed services...
, Navy
United States Navy
The United States Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States. The U.S. Navy is the largest in the world; its battle fleet tonnage is greater than that of the next 13 largest navies combined. The U.S...
and Coast Guard
United States Coast Guard
The United States Coast Guard is a branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven U.S. uniformed services. The Coast Guard is a maritime, military, multi-mission service unique among the military branches for having a maritime law enforcement mission and a federal regulatory agency...
constituents, was officially known as the "US Military Reservation" but the locals just called it "Camp Hero."
Camp Hero itself swelled to 278 acres (1.1 km²), and included four obsolete 16-inch naval rifles, originally intended for battleships, installed as expedient coastal artillery
Coastal artillery
Coastal artillery is the branch of armed forces concerned with operating anti-ship artillery or fixed gun batteries in coastal fortifications....
pieces in concrete bunkers. The coastal gun emplacements were camouflage
Camouflage
Camouflage is a method of concealment that allows an otherwise visible animal, military vehicle, or other object to remain unnoticed, by blending with its environment. Examples include a leopard's spotted coat, the battledress of a modern soldier and a leaf-mimic butterfly...
d with netting and foliage. A large "Fire Control Center
Fire-control system
A fire-control system is a number of components working together, usually a gun data computer, a director, and radar, which is designed to assist a weapon system in hitting its target. It performs the same task as a human gunner firing a weapon, but attempts to do so faster and more...
" was built next to the lighthouse to direct the artillery and anti-aircraft guns. Other armaments included quadruple fifty caliber Machine Gun for low altitude defense up to large 90mm and 120mm artillery
Artillery
Originally applied to any group of infantry primarily armed with projectile weapons, artillery has over time become limited in meaning to refer only to those engines of war that operate by projection of munitions far beyond the range of effect of personal weapons...
. The camp was a self-contained town with recreational facilities, barracks
Barracks
Barracks are specialised buildings for permanent military accommodation; the word may apply to separate housing blocks or to complete complexes. Their main object is to separate soldiers from the civilian population and reinforce discipline, training and esprit de corps. They were sometimes called...
and its own power plant.
Camp Hero was also used as a training facility and a target range, with guns being fired at offshore targets.
To protect it from enemy bombers and the prying eyes of Nazi spies
Abwehr
The Abwehr was a German military intelligence organisation from 1921 to 1944. The term Abwehr was used as a concession to Allied demands that Germany's post-World War I intelligence activities be for "defensive" purposes only...
in fishing boats, the entire base was built to look like a typical New England
New England
New England is a region in the northeastern corner of the United States consisting of the six states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut...
fishing village. Concrete bunkers had windows painted on them and ornamental roofs with fake dormers. The gymnasium was made to look like a church with a faux steeple.
When World War II ended, the base was temporarily shut down and used as a training facility by the Army Reserve
United States Army Reserve
The United States Army Reserve is the federal reserve force of the United States Army. Together, the Army Reserve and the Army National Guard constitute the reserve components of the United States Army....
. The naval facilities were largely abandoned and the gun emplacements were dismantled in 1949.
Cold War
After the 1948 Berlin BlockadeBerlin Blockade
The Berlin Blockade was one of the first major international crises of the Cold War and the first resulting in casualties. During the multinational occupation of post-World War II Germany, the Soviet Union blocked the Western Allies' railway and road access to the sectors of Berlin under Allied...
in Germany, the Cold War
Cold War
The Cold War was the continuing state from roughly 1946 to 1991 of political conflict, military tension, proxy wars, and economic competition between the Communist World—primarily the Soviet Union and its satellite states and allies—and the powers of the Western world, primarily the United States...
was on and with the appearance of the Soviet Tupolev Tu-4
Tupolev Tu-4
The Tupolev Tu-4 was a piston-engined Soviet strategic bomber that served the Soviet Air Force from the late 1940s to mid 1960s...
intercontinental bomber in 1947, a major concern of the United States was a possible attack by Soviet long-range bombers. In September 1948, the United States Air Force
United States Air Force
The United States Air Force is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the American uniformed services. Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on September 18, 1947 under the National Security Act of...
authorized its Air Defense Command to establish temporary "Lashup" radar stations in the United States using surplus World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
equipment to provide radar detection in the Northeastern United States.
With the establishment of a permanent presence, ADC equipped the site with AN/CPS-5 and AN/TPS-10A height-finder radars. A year later AN/FPS-3 and AN/FPS-5 radars were operating. Between 1955 and 1956 an AN/FPS-8/GPS-3 made an appearance at the tip of the site. In the spring of 1957 Montauk AFS received one of the first AN/FPS-20 units along with a pair of AN/FPS-6 height-finder radars.
In November 1957, the Army closed the Camp Hero portion of the military reservation as Soviet long-distance bombers could fly well above ground-based artillery. The Air Force continued using the western half of the facility for radar surveillance. The Eastern portion of the site was donated to New York State, but it remained unused because of its close proximity to a high-security facility.
During 1958 Montauk AFS joined the Semi Automatic Ground Environment
Semi Automatic Ground Environment
The Semi-Automatic Ground Environment was an automated control system for tracking and intercepting enemy bomber aircraft used by NORAD from the late 1950s into the 1980s...
(SAGE) system, feeding data to DC-01 at McGuire AFB, New Jersey. After joining, the squadron was re-designated as the 773d Radar Squadron (SAGE) on 1 October 1958. It was also a major part of the NORAD defense system, so security was very tight. Montauk AFS was state of the art
State of the art
The state of the art is the highest level of development, as of a device, technique, or scientific field, achieved at a particular time. It also refers to the level of development reached at any particular time as a result of the latest methodologies employed.- Origin :The earliest use of the term...
and many new systems were developed or tested there including magnetic memory
Magnetic memory
Magnetic memory may refer to:* Magnetic storage, the storage of data on a magnetized medium* Remanence, or residual magnetization, the magnetization left behind in a ferromagnet after an external magnetic field is removed...
for storage, light pen
Light pen
A light pen is a computer input device in the form of a light-sensitive wand used in conjunction with a computer's CRT TV set or monitor. It allows the user to point to displayed objects, or draw on the screen, in a similar way to a touch screen but with greater positional accuracy...
s, keyboards
Keyboard instrument
A keyboard instrument is a musical instrument which is played using a musical keyboard. The most common of these is the piano. Other widely used keyboard instruments include organs of various types as well as other mechanical, electromechanical and electronic instruments...
, WAN
Wide area network
A wide area network is a telecommunication network that covers a broad area . Business and government entities utilize WANs to relay data among employees, clients, buyers, and suppliers from various geographical locations...
s (Wide area network
Wide area network
A wide area network is a telecommunication network that covers a broad area . Business and government entities utilize WANs to relay data among employees, clients, buyers, and suppliers from various geographical locations...
s) and modular circuit packaging.
Montauk was the operational parent station for Texas Tower 3
Texas Tower 3
Texas Tower 3 is a closed United States Air Force Texas Tower General Surveillance Radar station. southeast of the coast of Nantucket, Massachusetts in 80 feet of water...
(TT-3) offshore in the Atlantic Ocean from June 1958-25 March 1963. TT-3 was operated as an annex (of the 773d AC&W Squadron, it's offshore personnel assigned to a flight of the 773d, although the facility was logically supported by the 4604th Support Squadron (Texas Towers) at Otis AFB.
In December 1960 the large, high-power AN/FPS-35
AN/FPS-35
The AN/FPS-35 radar was a long range radar used in the early 1960s.Sperry Corporation built 12 long range radars in the 1960s to succeed existing Semi Automatic Ground Environment to provide enhanced electronic countermeasures . The systems operated at 420 to 450 MHz. The antennas weighed 70...
radar became operational at Montauk. The reflector
Reflector (antenna)
An antenna reflector is a device that reflects electromagnetic waves.It is often a part of an antenna assembly.The most common reflector types are...
was 126 feet (38.4 m) long and 38 feet (11.6 m) tall, weighing 40 tons, and was supposedly only the second ever built. It was able to detect airborne objects at distances of well over 200 miles (321.9 km). It also used "frequency diversity" technology making it resistant to electronic countermeasures
Electronic countermeasures
An electronic countermeasure is an electrical or electronic device designed to trick or deceive radar, sonar or other detection systems, like infrared or lasers. It may be used both offensively and defensively to deny targeting information to an enemy...
. The AN/FPS-35 was so powerful that it disrupted local TV and radio broadcasts, and had to be shut down several times and re-calibrated. The problems caused this radar to be taken out of service temporarily in 1961. With the problems resolved, the radar was operational again in 1962 and by 1963 an AN/FPS-26 had replaced one of the AN/FPS-6 height-finder radars.
In 1963 the site also had become an FAA/ADC joint-use facility. Around 1965 the site was removed from joint-use status. On 31 July 1963, the site was redesignated as NORAD ID Z-45. In 1978 the Air Force submitted a proposal to the Carter
Jimmy Carter
James Earl "Jimmy" Carter, Jr. is an American politician who served as the 39th President of the United States and was the recipient of the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize, the only U.S. President to have received the Prize after leaving office...
Administration to close the base, as it was largely obsolete due to the emergence of orbital satellite reconnaissance technology. In September 1979 as part of a general draw down of anti-aircraft forces by Aerospace Defense Command Montauk AFS was transferred to Tactical Air Command
Tactical Air Command
Tactical Air Command is an inactive United States Air Force organization. It was a Major Command of the United States Air Force, established on 21 March 1946 being headquartered at Langley Air Force Base, Virginia...
and became part of ADTAC.
In addition to the main facility, Montauk AFS operated two unmanned AN/FPS-14 Gap Filler sites:
- Manorville, NY (P-45A) 40°51′05"N 072°46′02"W
- Chilmark, MA (P-45B) 41°21′19"N 070°44′07"W
Both sites opened in 1957. They were closed in June 1968. The Manorville site remains, although abandoned with vegetation growing over the facility. The Chilmark site is now obliterated.
The installation, which had also supplied long-range radar data for the Federal Aviation Administration
Federal Aviation Administration
The Federal Aviation Administration is the national aviation authority of the United States. An agency of the United States Department of Transportation, it has authority to regulate and oversee all aspects of civil aviation in the U.S...
(FAA) since 1962, was kept operational until a new facility operated by the (FAA) in Riverhead, New York
Riverhead
Riverhead may refer to:* Riverhead, Kent, England* Riverhead, New Zealand* Riverhead, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada* Riverhead, Nova Scotia, a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia* Riverhead , the debut album of Goldenhorse...
was ready for use.
The Montauk installation was shutdown on January 31, 1981. Considering its size, removing the huge antenna was problematic at best so it was "abandoned in place", with its controlling motors and electronics removed, allowing it to move with the wind to prevent it being torn off its base in a storm. A GATR (Ground Air Transmitter Receiver) facility remained in service to direct military aircraft operating within the region. This system was deactivated and removed in 1984. Riverhead now controls all air traffic in the area.
Air Force units and assignments
Units:- 773d Aircraft Warning Squadron, 1 June 1948
- Re-designated 773d Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron, 6 December 1949
- Redesignated: 773d Radar Squadron (SAGE), 1 October 1958
- Redesignated: 773d Radar Squadron, 1 February 1974
- Inactivated on 31 January 1981.
Assignments:
- 503d Aircraft Warning Group, 1 June 1948
- Re-designated 503d Aircraft Control and Warning Group, 6 December 1949
- 26th Air Division, 6 February 1952
- 4709th Air Defense Wing, 16 February 1953
- 4707th Air Defense Wing4707th Air Defense WingThe 4707th Air Defense Wing is an inactive United States Air Force organization. Its last assignment was with the 26th Air Division, being stationed at Stewart Air Force Base, New York...
, 1 March 1956 - 4709th Air Defense Wing, 8 July 1956
- 4621st Air Defense Wing, 18 October 1956
- New York Air Defense Sector, 8 January 1957
- 21st Air Division, 1 April 1966
- 35th Air Division, 1 December 1967
- 21st Air Division, 19 November 1969-31 January 1981
See also
- Montauk Point land claimMontauk Point land claimThe Montauk Point land claim was a series of three lawsuits brought by Chief Wyandank Pharaoh, nephew of the famous Stephen Talkhouse who died in the same year that the tribe lost the last remaining vestige of their territory in the New York state courts, claiming Montauk Point on behalf of the...
- Montauk ProjectMontauk ProjectThe Montauk Project was alleged to be a series of secret United States government projects conducted at Camp Hero or Montauk Air Force Station on Montauk, Long Island for the purpose of developing psychological warfare techniques and exotic research including time travel...
- Philadelphia ExperimentPhiladelphia ExperimentThe Philadelphia Experiment is the name of an alleged naval military experiment said to have been carried out at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA sometime around October 28, 1943. It is alleged that the U.S. Navy destroyer escort USS Eldridge was to be rendered...
- List of alleged conspiracy theories
- List of USAF Aerospace Defense Command General Surveillance Radar Stations
Further reading
- Winkler, David F. (1997), Searching the skies: the legacy of the United States Cold War defense radar program. Prepared for United States Air Force Headquarters Air Combat Command.
- A Handbook of Aerospace Defense Organization 1946 - 1980, by Lloyd H. Cornett and Mildred W. Johnson, Office of History, Aerospace Defense Center, Peterson Air Force Base, Colorado
External links
- About.com: The Montauk Project
- Disinformation: The Montauk Project - links
- Montauk Air Force Station website, including the debunking of Montauk Myths
- Photo Gallery Of Abandoned Structures At Camp Hero State Park Cognitive Response
- Information for Camp Hero, NY
- Information for Montauk AFS, NY