Moonrat
Encyclopedia
The moonrat is a species of mammal
in the Erinaceidae
family. It is the only species in the genus Echinosorex. The species name is sometimes given as E. gymnurus, but this is incorrect. There are two subspecies: E. g. gymnura is found in Sumatra and on the Malay Peninsula; E. g. alba is found in Borneo.
The moonrat's fur is generally white, with a sparse scattering of black hairs; it appears totally white from a distance. The moonrat has a distinct pungent odour with strong ammonia content, different from the musky smell of carnivores. Moonrats from western Borneo tend to have a greater proportion of black hairs than those from the east, but animals from Brunei appear intermediate.
Head and body length is 320–400 mm, tail length is 205–290 mm, hind foot length is 65–75 mm and weight is 87-–1,100 g. The dental formula is .
(Hylomys suillus) and to the hedgehog
, full grown specimens more closely resemble large rats, with which they share similar habits and ecological niches. In Borneo, they occur at many sites throughout the lowlands and up to 900 m in the Kelabit Highlands
. They appear to be absent or rare in some localities, possibly due to a shortage of suitable food.
. Its IUCN status is Least Concern.
in Borneo used to trade moonrat meat for other foods and goods among themselves and for money.
Mammal
Mammals are members of a class of air-breathing vertebrate animals characterised by the possession of endothermy, hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands functional in mothers with young...
in the Erinaceidae
Erinaceidae
Erinaceidae is the only living family in the order Erinaceomorpha, which has recently been subsumed with Soricomorpha into the order Eulipotyphla...
family. It is the only species in the genus Echinosorex. The species name is sometimes given as E. gymnurus, but this is incorrect. There are two subspecies: E. g. gymnura is found in Sumatra and on the Malay Peninsula; E. g. alba is found in Borneo.
The moonrat's fur is generally white, with a sparse scattering of black hairs; it appears totally white from a distance. The moonrat has a distinct pungent odour with strong ammonia content, different from the musky smell of carnivores. Moonrats from western Borneo tend to have a greater proportion of black hairs than those from the east, but animals from Brunei appear intermediate.
Head and body length is 320–400 mm, tail length is 205–290 mm, hind foot length is 65–75 mm and weight is 87-–1,100 g. The dental formula is .
Distribution
Moonrats inhabit most jungle terrain in southern Myanmar, peninsular Thailand, peninsular Malaysia, Borneo and Sumatra. Although they are closely related to the short-tailed gymnureShort-tailed Gymnure
The Short-tailed Gymnure is a small erinaceomorph that is found in southeast Asia. This gymnure, which resembles a large mouse, grows to a length of 4-6 inches, and feeds on insects, worms and other small animals.-External links:*...
(Hylomys suillus) and to the hedgehog
Hedgehog
A hedgehog is any of the spiny mammals of the subfamily Erinaceinae and the order Erinaceomorpha. There are 17 species of hedgehog in five genera, found through parts of Europe, Asia, Africa, and New Zealand . There are no hedgehogs native to Australia, and no living species native to the Americas...
, full grown specimens more closely resemble large rats, with which they share similar habits and ecological niches. In Borneo, they occur at many sites throughout the lowlands and up to 900 m in the Kelabit Highlands
Kelabit Highlands
The Kelabit Highlands are a mountain range located in the northernmost part of Sarawak, on the island of Borneo. The highest mountains in this range are Mount Murud at 2,423 m , Bukit Batu Buli at 2,082 m , and Bukit Batu Lawi at 2,046 m .In the Kelabit Highlands, there are 14...
. They appear to be absent or rare in some localities, possibly due to a shortage of suitable food.
Ecology and habitat
Moonrats are nocturnal and terrestrial, lying up under logs, roots or in abandoned burrows during the day. They inhabit moist forests including mangrove and swamp forests and often enter water. In Borneo, they occur mainly in forests, but in peninsular Malaysia they are also found in gardens and plantations. They feed on earthworms and various small animals, mostly arthropods.Behavior and reproduction
Moonrats release strong odours with a strong ammonia content to mark the edges of their territories and warn other moonrats to stay away with threatening hisses also to ward off predators. Adults live alone. When they are preparing to have young, they will make nests mostly from leaves. Females usually have two babies at one time.Diet
The moonrat is quite an omnivore, known to eat a wide range of invertebrates—for example, worms, insects, crabs and other invertebrates found in moist areas. They will also eat fruit, and occasionally frogs or fish.Lifespan
The lifespan of the moonrat is up to five years.Conservation status
The moonrat is not considered a threatened species. The main threat to the moonrat is deforestation activities due to human development for agriculture, plantation, and commercial logging. Moreover, other demands from Penan in Borneo for food and traditional medicinal contribute to decreasing numbers of moonrats in Borneo. The species is also found in protected areas, including Matang National Park and Kuching Wetlands National ParkKuching Wetlands National Park
Kuching Wetlands National Park is a national park in Malaysia. It is the remains of the former Sarawak Mangrove Forest Reserve which covered 170 km²....
. Its IUCN status is Least Concern.
Economic importance
In the United States of America, members of the family Erinaceidae are commonly kept as pets. The PenanPenan
The Penan are a nomadic aboriginal people living in Sarawak and Brunei. They are one of the last such peoples remaining. The Penan are noted for their practice of 'molong' which means never taking more than necessary...
in Borneo used to trade moonrat meat for other foods and goods among themselves and for money.
External links
- Echinosorex gymnura - Animal Diversity Web