Motorcycle trials, also termed observed trials, is a non-speed event on specialized motorcycle

Motorcycle

A motorcycle is a single-track, two-wheeled motor vehicle. Motorcycles vary considerably depending on the task for which they are designed, such as long distance travel, navigating congested urban traffic, cruising, sport and racing, or off-road conditions.Motorcycles are one of the most...

s. The sport is most popular in the United Kingdom and Spain, though there are participants around the globe.

Trial motorcycles are distinctive in that they are extremely lightweight, lack seating (they are designed to be ridden standing up) and have suspension travel that is short, relative to a motocross

Motocross

Motocross is a form of motorcycle sport or all-terrain vehicle racing held on enclosed off road circuits. It evolved from trials, and was called scrambles, and later motocross, combining the French moto with cross-country...

 or enduro

Enduro

Enduro is a form of motorcycle sport run on courses that are predominantly off-road. Enduro consists of many different obstacles and challenges...

 motorcycle.

Motorcycle trials is often utilized by competitors of other motorcycle sports (such as motocross or street racers) as a way to cross-train, as trials teaches great throttle, balance, and machine control.

Characteristics

The event is split into sections where a competitor rides through an obstacle course while attempting to avoid touching the ground with the feet. The obstacles in the course may be of natural or constructed elements. In all sections, regardless of content, the designated route is carefully contrived to test the skill of the rider. In many local observed trials events, the sections are divided into separate courses to accommodate the different skill level of riders, who compete in skill-rated classes.

In every section, the competitor is scored by an observer (hence the sport's name) who counts how many times the competitor touches the ground with the foot (or any other part of the body). Each time a competitor touches the ground with a foot (commonly called "dabs" or "prods"), the penalty is one point.
The possible scores in each section consist of 0, 1, 2, 3, or 5. If a competitor makes their way through the section without touching the ground with a foot, they earn a score of 0 (which is called "cleaning the section"). If they touch the ground once, they receive a score of 1. If they touch down twice, they receive a score of 2. If they touch the ground three or more times, they earn a score of 3—as long as they complete the section without stalling the motor, dismounting, going out of bounds, or going backward. If the competitor fails to complete the section a score of 5 (sometimes colourfully called "a fiasco") is earned. The winner is the competitor with the fewest points at the end of the event. Some events are also timed with penalty points assessed to late riders.

There is a world indoor and outdoor championship, as well as indoor and outdoor national team "world cups" (Trial des Nations

Trial des Nations

Trial des Nations is the most important Motorcycle trials competition of national teams organized by the International Motorcycling Federation . It has been held annually since 1984 at different countries. Each team is composed of four riders in the male category, and since 2000, three riders in...

). British competitor Dougie Lampkin

Dougie Lampkin

Douglas Martin "Dougie" Lampkin, MBE, also known as Doug, is an internationally renowned English motorcycle trials rider. Born into a family steeped in motorcycle sport—his father, Martin Lampkin, was the first FIM Trial World Championship winner in 1975, and his Uncle Arthur was also a regular...

 is notable for winning seven world outdoor titles in the 1990s and 2000s, the same number that Spanish competitor Jordi Tarrés

Jordi Tarrés

Jordi Tarrés is an internationally renowned motorcycle trials racer. He was the outdoor FIM Trial World Championship winner for 7 years...

 won in the 1980s and 1990s. Previous observed trials greats include Northern Ireland's Sammy Miller

Sammy Miller

Samuel Hamilton "Sammy" Miller, MBE is a championship winning motorcycle racer, in both road racing and trials. He was awarded an MBE in the 2009 New Year Honours.-Career:...

 (1960s), Finland's Yrjö Vesterinen (1970s). The current outdoor world champion is Antoni Bou from Spain who is also the current indoor champion.

In addition to the world championship events, there are other major events, such as the Scottish Six Days Trial

Scottish Six Days Trial

The Scottish Six Days Trial is an internationally recognised Motorcycle trials competition, which has been running since 1909 making it the oldest motorcycle trials event in the world...

 (SSDT) and the Scott Trial

Scott Trial

The Scott Trial is a British motorcycle trials competition run over an off road course of approximately 70 miles. One of the most challenging trials events in the UK its appeal is to clubman riders as well as international professional riders...

.

Major current manufacturers of trials bikes are Gas Gas

Gas Gas

Gas Gas is a Spanish motorcycle manufacturer, specialising in off-road motorbikes. Gas Gas are best known for their extremely popular trials bikes, although they also make successful enduro and quad bikes....

, Beta

Beta (motorcycle manufacturer)

Beta is an Italian motorcycle manufacturer, specialising in off-road motorcycles. Beta are best known for their popular trials bikes. In 2005, they launched a range of enduro motorcycles using KTM engines. In the 2010 they will launch the new RR series, with a new engine made in-house...

, Sherco, Montesa Honda

Montesa Honda

Montesa Honda is the Spanish subsidiary of Honda, which assembles several models of motorcycles, bicycles, and parts at its Barcelona plant. The company exports 75 per cent of its production to Europe.-Permanyer and Bultó:...

, and Scorpa

Scorpa

Scorpa is a manufacturer of trials motorcycles based near Alès, France. It was founded in 1993 by Marc Teissier and Joël Domergue. The first model produced by the company was the WORKS 294 in 1994, powered by a single-cylinder, two-stroke Rotax engine...

. In the past there have been many manufacturers, from countries such as Spain, Japan, Britain and Italy.

Classic classes exist for vintage bikes. Classes include pre-1965 or -1967 motorcycles (typically British), as well as newer vintage events for observed trials motorcycles with two rear shock absorbers. In most cases, twin-shock motorcycles were manufactured before 1985 and are typically Japanese or Spanish. A recent addition has been a class for air-cooled monoshock bikes, this covers machines up to around 1990.

A competition event is called an "observed trial" or "trial" (not plural), unless referred to as an "observed trials event." A newer name for the sport, MotoTrial, is gaining popularity, but is far from universally used or accepted.
Sidecar Trials
As well as the traditional solo motorcycle trials, there is a form of the sport on 3 wheels known as Sidecar Trials consisting of a driver and a passenger. The competition is run in the same way as a standard motorcycle trial with the only exception being additional ways to be given a score of 5. This involves the passenger, who will earn the competitor a 5 if any part of the passenger's body touches any terrain. The role of the passenger is to balance the sidecar and prevent the sidecar wheel from lifting which would cause the driver to restablise the outfit by using his foot (incurring a score of 1).
Sidecar Trials is predominantly British, however there are events run in Europe and Australia. The British Championship is the highest level of competition, held over 10 rounds with 3 difficulty levels; Clubman, Intermediate & Expert, with the Expert class championship winner being named British Sidecar Trials Champion.
Different aspect to Motorcycle Trials

There is another type of motorcycle trial known as a long distance trial. This is where not only modern motorcycles take part but vintage motorcycles and cars too. Long distance trials are not restricted to one venue. It incorporates a carefully planned out route for the competitors to follow and make stops at various locations incorporating places throughout many different counties. This takes place not only on the main roads but also lanes that are steep, rough and loose surfaced hills. Points are given to the competitor for putting his foot down on the ground, falling off or stopping (and putting their feet down). These trials can be expected to be completed within certain timescales and can mean not arriving at a particular section and or destination until your allocated timeslot. A popular club that runs this type of trial is the Motor Cycling Club (MCC) founded in 1901.

See also

• Bike trials riding
• Kick Start (TV series)
  Kick Start (TV series)
  Kick Start was a popular series on BBC television screened between 1979 and 1988. The show began originally as a summer replacement to fill in the slot vacated by Nationwide for the summer and was hosted by Dave Lee Travis....
  
  
• List of motorcycle trials champions
• List of motorcycle manufacturers
• Outline of motorcycles and motorcycling
  Outline of motorcycles and motorcycling
  The following outline is provided as an overview of motorcycles and motorcycling:Motorcycle – single-track, engine-powered, two-wheeled motor vehicle...
  
  

External links

• International Motorcycling Federation - Trials
• North American Trials Council - NATC
• US Trial des Nations
• AutoCycle Union - ACU
  AutoCycle Union
  The Auto-Cycle Union is governing body of motorcycle sport in Great Britain . Founded in 1903 and acquiring its current name in 1907 its aim was to develop motor sport through clubs and arrange touring facilities for members...
  
  , The UK Governing body