Muslim League (Pakistan)
Encyclopedia
Muslim League was the original successor of All India Muslim League that led the Pakistan Movement
achieving an independent nation. After formation of Pakistan, the party was renamed to Muslim League (Pakistan) which came to an end soon after Qaid-e-Azam's death on the first marshal law in 1958.
of Pakistan
, the leader of the Muslim League, Mohammed Ali Jinnah, became the new nation's Governor-General
, and another League leader, Liaquat Ali Khan
became Prime Minister
. The All India Muslim League was disbanded in December 1947 and succeeded by two organisations, the Pakistan Muslim League
and the Indian Union Muslim League
, the first being its original successor in Pakistan. Jinnah resigned as the president of the Muslim League on 17 December and the two Muslim Leagues respectively elected Ch. Khaliquzzaman
as President of the Pakistan Muslim League and Nawab Muhammad Ismail as the president for Indian Union Muslim League.
, a Bengali, who was forced out of office in April 1953. Pakistan was racked by riots and famine, and at the first national elections in May 1955 (held by a system of indirect voting) the League was heavily defeated.
In October 1958 the Army seized power and the martial law regime of Muhammad Ayub Khan banned all political parties. This was the end of the old Muslim League.
. The opposition faction became known as the Council Muslim League
. This latter group joined a united front with other political parties in 1967 in opposition to the regime. But when the military regime of Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan fell in December 1971, and Pakistan's first genuine free elections were held, both factions of the League were swept out of power: in West Pakistan
by the Pakistan Peoples Party
of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
and in East Pakistan
by the Awami League of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
.
In 1988, after the death of Pakistan's military ruler and later civilian President Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
, a new Muslim League was formed under the leadership of Nawaz Sharif
, but it had no connection with the original Muslim League. Sharif was Prime Minister from 1990 to 1993 and again from 1997 to 1999, when he was ousted in Pakistan's third military coup. At the controversial elections held by the military regime of Pervez Musharraf
in October, five different parties using the name Muslim League contested seats. The largest of these, the Pakistan Muslim League (Quaid-e-Azam)
, won 69 seats out of 272, and the Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz)
, loyal to Nawaz Sharif, won 19 seats. After the last elections held in 2008, Nawaz Sharif's Muslim League is in the ruling coalition and the Quaid-e-Azam league is in opposition.
Pakistan Movement
The Pakistan Movement or Tehrik-e-Pakistan refers to the historical movement to have an independent Muslim state named Pakistan created from the separation of the north-western region of the Indian subcontinent, partitioned within or outside the British Indian Empire. It had its origins in the...
achieving an independent nation. After formation of Pakistan, the party was renamed to Muslim League (Pakistan) which came to an end soon after Qaid-e-Azam's death on the first marshal law in 1958.
History
On the foundationPartition of India
The Partition of India was the partition of British India on the basis of religious demographics that led to the creation of the sovereign states of the Dominion of Pakistan and the Union of India on 14 and 15...
of Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
, the leader of the Muslim League, Mohammed Ali Jinnah, became the new nation's Governor-General
Governor-General of Pakistan
The Governor-General of Pakistan was the representative in Pakistan of the Crown from the country's independence in 1947. When Pakistan was proclaimed a republic in 1956 the connection with the British monarchy ended, and the office of Governor-General was abolished.-History:Pakistan gained...
, and another League leader, Liaquat Ali Khan
Liaquat Ali Khan
For other people with the same or similar name, see Liaqat Ali Nawabzada Liaquat Ali Khan was a Pakistani statesman who became the first Prime Minister of Pakistan, Defence minister and Commonwealth, Kashmir Affairs...
became Prime Minister
Prime Minister of Pakistan
The Prime Minister of Pakistan , is the Head of Government of Pakistan who is designated to exercise as the country's Chief Executive. By the Constitution of Pakistan, Pakistan has the parliamentary democratic system of government...
. The All India Muslim League was disbanded in December 1947 and succeeded by two organisations, the Pakistan Muslim League
Pakistan Muslim League
The Pakistan Muslim League was founded in 1962, as a successor to the previously disbanded Muslim League in Pakistan. Unlike the original PML which ended in 1958 when General Ayub Khan banned all political parties, each subsequent Muslim League was in some way propped by the military dictators of...
and the Indian Union Muslim League
Indian Union Muslim League
Indian Union Muslim League is a state political party in the state of Kerala, India. The chief support base of the party falls inside northern and central Kerala...
, the first being its original successor in Pakistan. Jinnah resigned as the president of the Muslim League on 17 December and the two Muslim Leagues respectively elected Ch. Khaliquzzaman
Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman
Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman was a Pakistani politician and an important Muslim figure during British India, as an eminent National level leader of the All India Muslim League hailed from the United Provinces . The most strong supporter of the Pakistan movement and Muhammad Ali Jinnah...
as President of the Pakistan Muslim League and Nawab Muhammad Ismail as the president for Indian Union Muslim League.
End of party
Jinnah died in September 1948 and Liaquat was assassinated in October 1951. Robbed of its two senior leaders, the League began to disintegrate. By 1953, dissensions within the League had led to the formation of several different political parties. Liaquat was succeeded by Khawaja NazimuddinKhawaja Nazimuddin
Hajji Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin, KCIE , was the second Governor-General of Pakistan, and later the second Prime Minister of Pakistan as well.-Early life:...
, a Bengali, who was forced out of office in April 1953. Pakistan was racked by riots and famine, and at the first national elections in May 1955 (held by a system of indirect voting) the League was heavily defeated.
In October 1958 the Army seized power and the martial law regime of Muhammad Ayub Khan banned all political parties. This was the end of the old Muslim League.
Other parties by the same name
The name still held great prestige, however, and Ayub Khan later formed a new party, the Convention Muslim LeagueConvention Muslim League
The Convention Muslim League was a faction of the Pakistan Muslim League that split-off in 1962 in support of the military regime of the President of Pakistan Gen. Ayub Khan....
. The opposition faction became known as the Council Muslim League
Council Muslim League
The Council Muslim League was a faction of the Pakistan Muslim League that divided from the Convention Muslim League that was supportive of the military regime of the President of Pakistan Gen. Ayub Khan. Mian Mumtaz Daultana, Chaudhry Muhammad Husain Chattha, Khawaja Muhammad Safdar and Chaudhry...
. This latter group joined a united front with other political parties in 1967 in opposition to the regime. But when the military regime of Agha Mohammad Yahya Khan fell in December 1971, and Pakistan's first genuine free elections were held, both factions of the League were swept out of power: in West Pakistan
West Pakistan
West Pakistan , common name West-Pakistan , in the period between its establishment on 22 November 1955 to disintegration on December 16, 1971. This period, during which, Pakistan was divided, ended when East-Pakistan was disintegrated and succeeded to become which is now what is known as Bangladesh...
by the Pakistan Peoples Party
Pakistan Peoples Party
The Pakistan Peoples Party , is a democratic socialist political party in Pakistan affiliated with Socialist International. Pakistan People's Party is the largest political party of Pakistan...
of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was 9th Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1973 to 1977, and prior to that, 4th President of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973. Bhutto was the founder of the Pakistan Peoples Party — the largest and most influential political party in Pakistan— and served as its chairman until his...
and in East Pakistan
East Pakistan
East Pakistan was a provincial state of Pakistan established in 14 August 1947. The provincial state existed until its declaration of independence on 26 March 1971 as the independent nation of Bangladesh. Pakistan recognized the new nation on 16 December 1971. East Pakistan was created from Bengal...
by the Awami League of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was a Bengali nationalist politician and the founder of Bangladesh. He headed the Awami League, served as the first President of Bangladesh and later became its Prime Minister. He headed the Awami League, served as the first President of Bangladesh and later became its...
.
In 1988, after the death of Pakistan's military ruler and later civilian President Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq
General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq , was the 4th Chief Martial Law Administrator and the sixth President of Pakistan from July 1977 to his death in August 1988...
, a new Muslim League was formed under the leadership of Nawaz Sharif
Nawaz Sharif
Mian Mohammad Nawaz Sharif is a Pakistani conservative politician and steel magnate who served as 12th Prime Minister of Pakistan in two non-consecutive terms from November 1990 to July 1993, and from February 1997 to October 12, 1999...
, but it had no connection with the original Muslim League. Sharif was Prime Minister from 1990 to 1993 and again from 1997 to 1999, when he was ousted in Pakistan's third military coup. At the controversial elections held by the military regime of Pervez Musharraf
Pervez Musharraf
Pervez Musharraf , is a retired four-star general who served as the 13th Chief of Army Staff and tenth President of Pakistan as well as tenth Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee. Musharraf headed and led an administrative military government from October 1999 till August 2007. He ruled...
in October, five different parties using the name Muslim League contested seats. The largest of these, the Pakistan Muslim League (Quaid-e-Azam)
Pakistan Muslim League (Q)
The Pakistan Muslim League or officially Pakistan Muslim League is a centrist, modern political party in Pakistan. The present form of PML-Q was formed prior to 2002 general elections....
, won 69 seats out of 272, and the Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz)
Pakistan Muslim League (N)
The Pakistan Muslim League is a conservative political party in Pakistan, affiliated with Western conservatism...
, loyal to Nawaz Sharif, won 19 seats. After the last elections held in 2008, Nawaz Sharif's Muslim League is in the ruling coalition and the Quaid-e-Azam league is in opposition.
Current factions of re founded party
- Pakistan Muslim League (J)Pakistan Muslim League (J)The Pakistan Muslim League was a political party in Pakistan established in 1993. It merged with PML-Q in 2004.It is one of the factions of the original Pakistan Muslim League, named "J" after Junejo...
("Junejo group") - Pakistan Muslim League (Jinnah)Pakistan Muslim League (Jinnah)The Pakistan Muslim League was a political party in Pakistan. It was one of the factions of the original Pakistan Muslim League, named after the founder of Pakistan Muhammad Ali Jinnah....
("Jinnah group") - Pakistan Muslim League (F)Pakistan Muslim League (F)The Pakistan Muslim League is a political party in Pakistan. It is one of the factions of the original Pakistan Muslim League. The letter 'F' in its name stands for functional. It is primarily associated with the Sindhi religious leader Pir Pagara...
(aka Functional Muslim League or PML Pagara Group) - Pakistan Muslim League (N)Pakistan Muslim League (N)The Pakistan Muslim League is a conservative political party in Pakistan, affiliated with Western conservatism...
("Nawaz group") - Pakistan Muslim League (Q)Pakistan Muslim League (Q)The Pakistan Muslim League or officially Pakistan Muslim League is a centrist, modern political party in Pakistan. The present form of PML-Q was formed prior to 2002 general elections....
("for Quaid-e-Azam") - Awami Muslim League (Pakistan) (Sheikh Rasheed)
- All Pakistan Muslim LeagueAll Pakistan Muslim LeagueThe APML has been formed to stimulate all Pakistanis apart from of political affiliation, gender, color or faith to once again fight back to win back and preserve their independence...
(Pervez Musharaf)