The Muzaffarid dynasty were sultans of Gujarat in western India

India

India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...

 from 1391 to 1583. The founder of the dynasty was Zafar Khan Muzaffar (later Muzaffar Shah I) who was governor of Gujarat under the Delhi Sultanate

Delhi Sultanate

The Delhi Sultanate is a term used to cover five short-lived, Delhi based kingdoms or sultanates, of Turkic origin in medieval India. The sultanates ruled from Delhi between 1206 and 1526, when the last was replaced by the Mughal dynasty...

. Zafar Khan's father Sadharan, was a Jat convert to Islam

Islam

Islam . The most common are and .   : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...

. When the Sultanate was weakened by the sacking of Delhi

Delhi

Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...

 by Timur

Timur

Timur , historically known as Tamerlane in English , was a 14th-century conqueror of West, South and Central Asia, and the founder of the Timurid dynasty in Central Asia, and great-great-grandfather of Babur, the founder of the Mughal Dynasty, which survived as the Mughal Empire in India until...

 in 1398, and Zafar Khan took the opportunity to establish himself as sultan of an independent Gujarat. His son, Ahmed Shah I

Ahmed Shah of Gujarat

Ahmed Shah of Gujarat was a sultan of Gujarat's ruling Muzaffarid dynasty from 1411 until his death in 1442. Today, he is famously known as Ahmed Shah Badshah of Ahmedabad....

 established the capital at Ahmedabad

Ahmedabad

Ahmedabad also known as Karnavati is the largest city in Gujarat, India. It is the former capital of Gujarat and is also the judicial capital of Gujarat as the Gujarat High Court has its seat in Ahmedabad...

. The dynasty ruled for almost 200 years, until the conquest of Gujarat by the Mughal Empire

Mughal Empire

The Mughal Empire ,‎ or Mogul Empire in traditional English usage, was an imperial power from the Indian Subcontinent. The Mughal emperors were descendants of the Timurids...

. The sultanate reached its peak of expansion under Mahmud Shah I Begara

Mahmud Begada

Sultan Abu'l Fath Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah I, popularly known as Mahmud Begada was the most prominent sultan of Gujarat. He was the great-grandson of Ahmad Shah I, the founder of the Muzaffarid dynasty, and of the city of Ahmedabad in the present-day state of Gujarat, India. He was known to be...

, reaching east into Malwa and west to the Gulf of Kutch

Gulf of Kutch

The Gulf of Kutch is an inlet of the Arabian Sea along the west coast of India, in the state of Gujarat, and renowned for extreme daily tides .The maximum depth of Gulf of Kutch is ....

.

During the Muzaffarid rule, Ahmedabad grew to become one of the largest and wealthiest cities in the world, and the sultans were patrons of a distinctive architecture that blended Islamic elements with Gujarat's indigenous Hindu

Hindu

Hindu refers to an identity associated with the philosophical, religious and cultural systems that are indigenous to the Indian subcontinent. As used in the Constitution of India, the word "Hindu" is also attributed to all persons professing any Indian religion...

 and Jain architectural traditions. Gujarat's Islamic architecture

Islamic architecture

Islamic architecture encompasses a wide range of both secular and religious styles from the foundation of Islam to the present day, influencing the design and construction of buildings and structures in Islamic culture....

 presages many of the architectural elements later found in Mughal architecture

Mughal architecture

Mughal architecture, an amalgam of Islamic, Persian, Turkish and Indian architecture, is the distinctive style developed by the Mughals in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries in what is now India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan. It is symmetrical and decorative in style.The Mughal dynasty was...

, including ornate mihrab

Mihrab

A mihrab is semicircular niche in the wall of a mosque that indicates the qibla; that is, the direction of the Kaaba in Mecca and hence the direction that Muslims should face when praying...

s and minarets, jali

Jali

A jali is the term for a perforated stone or latticed screen, usually with an ornamental pattern constructed through the use of calligraphy and geometry. Early work was performed by carving into stone, while the later more elegant used by the Mughals employed the technique of inlay, using marble...

(perforated screens carved in stone), and chattris (pavilions topped with cupola

Cupola

In architecture, a cupola is a small, most-often dome-like, structure on top of a building. Often used to provide a lookout or to admit light and air, it usually crowns a larger roof or dome....

s).

Sultans of Gujarat Sultanate

Title/Name	Personal Name	Reign
Shams-ud-Din Muzaffar Shah I	Zafar Khan	1391 - 1403 (1st Reign)
Nasir-ud-Din Muhammad Shah I	Tatar Khan	1403 - 1404
Shams-ud-Din Muzaffar Shah I	Zafar Khan	1404 - 1411 (2nd Reign)
Nasir-ud-Din Ahmad Shah I	Ahmad Khan	1411 - 1443
Muizz-ud-Din Muhammad Shah II	Karim Khan	1443 - 1451
Qutb-ud-Din Ahmad Shah II	Jalal Khan	1451 - 1458
Dawood Shah	Dawood Khan	1458
Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah I Mahmud Begada Sultan Abu'l Fath Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah I, popularly known as Mahmud Begada was the most prominent sultan of Gujarat. He was the great-grandson of Ahmad Shah I, the founder of the Muzaffarid dynasty, and of the city of Ahmedabad in the present-day state of Gujarat, India. He was known to be...  (Mahmud Begada)	Fateh Khan	1458 - 1511
Shams-ud-Din Muzaffar Shah II	Khalil Khan	1511 - 1526
Sikandar Shah	Sikandar Khan	1526
Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah II	Nasir Khan	1526
Qutb-ud-Din Bahadur Shah Bahadur Shah of Gujarat Sultan Qutb-ud-Din Bahadur Shah , who reigned 1526-1535 and 1536-1537, was a sultan of Gujarat Sultanate, a late medieval independent kingdom in India.-Early years:...	Bahadur Khan	1526 - 1535 (1st Reign)
Interregnum Interregnum An interregnum is a period of discontinuity or "gap" in a government, organization, or social order...  Mughal Empire Mughal Empire The Mughal Empire ,‎ or Mogul Empire in traditional English usage, was an imperial power from the Indian Subcontinent. The Mughal emperors were descendants of the Timurids... : 1535 - 1536
Qutb-ud-Din Bahadur Shah Bahadur Shah of Gujarat Sultan Qutb-ud-Din Bahadur Shah , who reigned 1526-1535 and 1536-1537, was a sultan of Gujarat Sultanate, a late medieval independent kingdom in India.-Early years:...	Bahadur Khan	1536 - 1537 (2nd Reign)
Miran Muhammad Shah III	Miran Muhammad Faruqi of Khandesh	6 weeks; 1537
Nasir-ud-Din Mahmud Shah III	Mahmud Khan	1537 - 1554
Ghiyas-ud-Din Ahmad Shah III	Ahmad Khan	1554 - 1561
Shams-ud-Din Muzaffar Shah III	Hubboo or Nannu or Nathu (a pretender)	1561 - 1573
Interregnum Interregnum An interregnum is a period of discontinuity or "gap" in a government, organization, or social order...  Mughal Empire Mughal Empire The Mughal Empire ,‎ or Mogul Empire in traditional English usage, was an imperial power from the Indian Subcontinent. The Mughal emperors were descendants of the Timurids... : 1573 - 1583
Shams-ud-Din Muzaffar Shah III	Hubboo or Nannu or Nathu (a pretender)	1583 (Restored)
Mughal Empire Mughal Empire The Mughal Empire ,‎ or Mogul Empire in traditional English usage, was an imperial power from the Indian Subcontinent. The Mughal emperors were descendants of the Timurids...