N.G. Ranga
Encyclopedia
Gogineni Ranga nayukulu , better known as N. G. Ranga (7 November 1900 – 9 June 1995), was an India
n freedom fighter, parliamentarian, and kisan (farmer) leader. He was an exponent of the peasant philosophy, and considered the father of the Indian Peasant Movement after Swami Sahajanand Saraswati
.
village in Guntur District
of Andhra Pradesh
. He went to school in his native village, and graduated from the Andhra-Christian College
, Guntur
. He received a B.Litt. in Economics
from the University of Oxford
in 1926. On his return to India, he took up teaching as Professor of Economics at Pachaiyappa's College
, Madras (Chennai
).
Ranga joined the freedom movement inspired by Gandhi
's clarion call in 1930. He led the ryot
agitation in 1933. Three years later, he launched the Kisan Congress party. He held historic discussions with Gandhiji on the demand for a rythu-coolie state. He wrote a book, Bapu Blesses regarding his discussions with Gandhi..
Ranga was one of the founders of the International Federation of Agricultural Producers. He represented India at the Food and Agriculture Organisation (Copenhagen
) in 1946, the International Labour Organisation (San Francisco) in 1948, the Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference (Ottawa
) in 1952, the International Peasant Union (New York
) in 1954 and the Asian Congress for World Government (Tokyo
) in 1955.
He quit the Congress Party and founded the Bharat Krishikar Lok Party and the Swatantra Party
, along with Rajaji who was a trenchant critic of the cooperative farming idea. Ranga became the founder-president of the Swatantra Party
and held that post for a decade. In the general elections held in 1962, the party won 25 seats and emerged as a strong Opposition. He rejoined the Congress (I) in 1972.
Ranga served the Indian Parliament for six decades from 1930 to 1991.
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
n freedom fighter, parliamentarian, and kisan (farmer) leader. He was an exponent of the peasant philosophy, and considered the father of the Indian Peasant Movement after Swami Sahajanand Saraswati
Swami Sahajanand Saraswati
Swami Sahajanand Saraswati , born in a Jijhoutia Brahminfamily of Ghazipur of Uttar Pradesh state of India, was an ascetic of Dashnami Order of Adi Shankara Sampradaya as well as a nationalist and peasant leader of India...
.
Early life
Ranga was born in NidubroluNidubrolu
Nidubrolu is a town in Andhra Pradesh India situated nearly from the coastal town of Bapatla, from Guntur and adjacent to the town of Ponnur in Guntur district....
village in Guntur District
Guntur district
Guntur district is located in Andhra Pradesh along the east coast of Bay of Bengal. The district has a coastline of around 100 kilometers. Guntur City is the largest city in the district and administrative center of Guntur District. The district is a major center for learning.-Etymology:There are...
of Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh , is one of the 28 states of India, situated on the southeastern coast of India. It is India's fourth largest state by area and fifth largest by population. Its capital and largest city by population is Hyderabad.The total GDP of Andhra Pradesh is $100 billion and is ranked third...
. He went to school in his native village, and graduated from the Andhra-Christian College
Andhra-Christian College
Andhra-Christian College, popularly known as AC College, is one of the oldest colleges in India. AC College is part of the educational enterprise of the Protestant churches...
, Guntur
Guntur
Guntur , is a city and a municipal corporation in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, located to the north and west of the Bay of Bengal. It is approximately to the south of the national capital, New Delhi and south east of state capital, Hyderabad. Guntur is the fourth largest city in Andhra...
. He received a B.Litt. in Economics
Economics
Economics is the social science that analyzes the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. The term economics comes from the Ancient Greek from + , hence "rules of the house"...
from the University of Oxford
University of Oxford
The University of Oxford is a university located in Oxford, United Kingdom. It is the second-oldest surviving university in the world and the oldest in the English-speaking world. Although its exact date of foundation is unclear, there is evidence of teaching as far back as 1096...
in 1926. On his return to India, he took up teaching as Professor of Economics at Pachaiyappa's College
Pachaiyappa's College
Pachaiyappa's College is one of the oldest educational institutions in Chennai, in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The college was established as Pachaiyappa's Central Institution at Popham's Broadway on January 1, 1842, from money given in Pachaiyappa Mudaliar's will. It was the first Hindu...
, Madras (Chennai
Chennai
Chennai , formerly known as Madras or Madarasapatinam , is the capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu, located on the Coromandel Coast off the Bay of Bengal. Chennai is the fourth most populous metropolitan area and the sixth most populous city in India...
).
Political career
| Lok Sabha | Period | Constituency | Party |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2nd Lok Sabha | 1957-1962 | Tenali Tenali (Lok Sabha constituency) Tenali was a Lok Sabha parliamentary constituency of Andhra Pradesh till 2008.-Members of Parliament: Lok SabhaDurationName of M.P.Party AffiliationFirst1952-57Kotha RaghuramaiahIndian National CongressSecond1957-62Nayakulu. G... |
Congress Party |
| 3rd Lok Sabha | 1962-1967 | Chittoor Chittoor (Lok Sabha constituency) Chittoor Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 42 Lok Sabha constituencies in Andhra Pradesh state in southern India... |
Swatantra Party |
| 4th Lok Sabha | 1967-1970 | Srikakulam Srikakulam (Lok Sabha Constituency) Srikakulam Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 42 Lok Sabha constituencies in Andhra Pradesh state in southern India.-Assembly segments:Srikakulam Lok Sabha constituency comprises the following Legislative Assembly segments:... |
Swatantra Party |
| 7th Lok Sabha | 1980-1984 | Guntur Guntur (Lok Sabha constituency) Guntur Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 42 Lok Sabha constituencies in Andhra Pradesh state in southern India.-Assembly segments:Guntur constituency presently comprises the following Legislative Assembly segments:... |
Congress (I) |
| 8th Lok Sabha | 1984-1989 | Guntur Guntur (Lok Sabha constituency) Guntur Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 42 Lok Sabha constituencies in Andhra Pradesh state in southern India.-Assembly segments:Guntur constituency presently comprises the following Legislative Assembly segments:... |
Congress (I) |
| 9th Lok Sabha | 1989-1991 | Guntur Guntur (Lok Sabha constituency) Guntur Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 42 Lok Sabha constituencies in Andhra Pradesh state in southern India.-Assembly segments:Guntur constituency presently comprises the following Legislative Assembly segments:... |
Congress (I) |
Ranga joined the freedom movement inspired by Gandhi
Mahatma Gandhi
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi , pronounced . 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was the pre-eminent political and ideological leader of India during the Indian independence movement...
's clarion call in 1930. He led the ryot
Ryot
Ryot was a general economic term used throughout India for peasant cultivators but with variations in different provinces. While zamindars were landlords, raiyats were tenants and cultivators, and served as hired labour...
agitation in 1933. Three years later, he launched the Kisan Congress party. He held historic discussions with Gandhiji on the demand for a rythu-coolie state. He wrote a book, Bapu Blesses regarding his discussions with Gandhi..
Ranga was one of the founders of the International Federation of Agricultural Producers. He represented India at the Food and Agriculture Organisation (Copenhagen
Copenhagen
Copenhagen is the capital and largest city of Denmark, with an urban population of 1,199,224 and a metropolitan population of 1,930,260 . With the completion of the transnational Øresund Bridge in 2000, Copenhagen has become the centre of the increasingly integrating Øresund Region...
) in 1946, the International Labour Organisation (San Francisco) in 1948, the Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference (Ottawa
Ottawa
Ottawa is the capital of Canada, the second largest city in the Province of Ontario, and the fourth largest city in the country. The city is located on the south bank of the Ottawa River in the eastern portion of Southern Ontario...
) in 1952, the International Peasant Union (New York
New York
New York is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east...
) in 1954 and the Asian Congress for World Government (Tokyo
Tokyo
, ; officially , is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan. Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area, and the largest metropolitan area of Japan. It is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, and the home of the Japanese Imperial Family...
) in 1955.
He quit the Congress Party and founded the Bharat Krishikar Lok Party and the Swatantra Party
Swatantra Party
The Swatantra Party was a classical liberal political party in India founded by Chakravarti Rajagopalachari and N. G. Ranga in August 1959. The party opposed the Nehruvian socialist outlook of the Congress Party by advocating free enterprise and free trade, and opposing the licence-permit Raj...
, along with Rajaji who was a trenchant critic of the cooperative farming idea. Ranga became the founder-president of the Swatantra Party
Swatantra Party
The Swatantra Party was a classical liberal political party in India founded by Chakravarti Rajagopalachari and N. G. Ranga in August 1959. The party opposed the Nehruvian socialist outlook of the Congress Party by advocating free enterprise and free trade, and opposing the licence-permit Raj...
and held that post for a decade. In the general elections held in 1962, the party won 25 seats and emerged as a strong Opposition. He rejoined the Congress (I) in 1972.
Ranga served the Indian Parliament for six decades from 1930 to 1991.
Honours
- Agricultural University of Andhra Pradesh is named in his honour and memory as Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural UniversityAcharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural UniversityThe Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University is a University in Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.-History:...
.
- His name found a place in the Guinness Book of World Records as a Parliamentarian with fifty years of service.
- The N.G. Ranga Farmer Award for Diversified Agriculture was instituted by the Indian Council of Agricultural ResearchIndian Council of Agricultural ResearchIndian Council of Agricultural Research , New Delhi, India is an autonomous organisation under the Department of Agricultural Research and Education, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India...
in 2001.
- A commemorative postage stampPostage stampA postage stamp is a small piece of paper that is purchased and displayed on an item of mail as evidence of payment of postage. Typically, stamps are made from special paper, with a national designation and denomination on the face, and a gum adhesive on the reverse side...
was released by Government of India in 2001.
- He was awarded Padma VibhushanPadma VibhushanThe Padma Vibhushan is the second highest civilian award in the Republic of India. It consists of a medal and a citation and is awarded by the President of India. It was established on 2 January 1954. It ranks behind the Bharat Ratna and comes before the Padma Bhushan...
by the President of India in 1991.http://india.gov.in/myindia/padmavibhushan_awards_list1.php
External links
- http://loksabha.nic.in/