Mahatma Gandhi
Overview
 
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi , pronounced moːˈɦənd̪aːs kəˈrəmtʃənd̪ ˈɡaːnd̪ʱi. 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was the pre-eminent political and ideological leader of India
British Raj
British Raj was the British rule in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947; The term can also refer to the period of dominion...

 during the Indian independence movement
Indian independence movement
The term Indian independence movement encompasses a wide area of political organisations, philosophies, and movements which had the common aim of ending first British East India Company rule, and then British imperial authority, in parts of South Asia...

. A pioneer of satyagraha
Satyagraha
Satyagraha , loosely translated as "insistence on truth satya agraha soul force" or "truth force" is a particular philosophy and practice within the broader overall category generally known as nonviolent resistance or civil resistance. The term "satyagraha" was conceived and developed by Mahatma...

, or resistance to tyranny through mass civil disobedience
Civil disobedience
Civil disobedience is the active, professed refusal to obey certain laws, demands, and commands of a government, or of an occupying international power. Civil disobedience is commonly, though not always, defined as being nonviolent resistance. It is one form of civil resistance...

—a philosophy firmly founded upon ahimsa
Ahimsa
Ahimsa is a term meaning to do no harm . The word is derived from the Sanskrit root hims – to strike; himsa is injury or harm, a-himsa is the opposite of this, i.e. non harming or nonviolence. It is an important tenet of the Indian religions...

, or total nonviolence
Nonviolence
Nonviolence has two meanings. It can refer, first, to a general philosophy of abstention from violence because of moral or religious principle It can refer to the behaviour of people using nonviolent action Nonviolence has two (closely related) meanings. (1) It can refer, first, to a general...

—Gandhi led India to independence
Indian independence movement
The term Indian independence movement encompasses a wide area of political organisations, philosophies, and movements which had the common aim of ending first British East India Company rule, and then British imperial authority, in parts of South Asia...

 and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world.
Quotations

In this instance of the fire-arms, the Asiatic has been most improperly bracketed with the natives. The British Indian does not need any such restrictions as are imposed by the Bill on the natives regarding the carrying of fire-arms. The prominent race can remain so by preventing the native from arming himself. Is there a slightest vestige of justification for so preventing the British Indian?

Comments on a court case in The Indian Opinion (25 March 1905)

Victory attained by violence is tantamount to a defeat, for it is momentary.

Satyagraha Leaflet No. 13 ( 3 May 1919)

I came in contact with every known Indian anarchist in London. Their bravery impressed me, but I felt that their zeal was misguided. I felt that violence was no remedy for India's ills, and that her civilisation required the use of a different and higher weapon for self-protection.

"A Word of Explanation" on his work Swaraj|Hind Swaraj (1908) in Young India (January 1921)

If India adopted the doctrine of love as an active part of her religion and introduced it in her politics. Swaraj|Swaraj would descent upon India from heaven. But I am painfully aware that that event is far off as yet.

"A Word of Explanation" in Young India (January 1921)

I have even seen the writings suggesting that I am playing a deep game, that I am using the present turmoil to foist my fads on India, and am making religious experiments at India's expense. I can only answer that Satyagraha|Satyagraha is made of sterner stuff. There is nothing reserved and nothing secret in it.

"A Word of Explanation" in Young India (January 1921)

If one has no affection for a person or a system, one should feel free to give the fullest expression to his disaffection so long as he does not contemplate, promote, or incite violence.

Statement during his trial for "exciting disaffection toward His Majesty's Government as established by law in India" (18 March 1922)

Nonviolence is the first article of my faith. It is also the last article of my creed.

Opening words of his defense speech at his trial Young India (23 March 1922)

 
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