Nancy Hogshead-Makar
Encyclopedia
Nancy Hogshead-Makar (born April 17, 1962) is an American retired swimmer
who competed for the United States
at the 1984 Summer Olympics
. She won three gold and one silver medals in medley
and freestyle swimming
. After retiring from competitive swimming she became a lawyer, writer, and asthma
spokesperson.
but her family soon moved to Florida
. Hogshead was a champion swimmer while at Episcopal High School
in Jacksonville
. She won three national butterfly championships: 100 yards and 200 metres in 1977 and the 200-yard event in 1978. The next year, Nancy left home to train for the 1980 Olympics. She qualified for the team, but the American-led 1980 Summer Olympics boycott in Moscow
kept her home.
Duke University
offered Hogshead its first swimming scholarship. There, she was again undefeated in dual meets and set a school record in eight different events; one of which still stands as of 2007. She only swam for one year at Duke, but she was a Four-Time ACC Champion and Two-Time All-American for 1981. After the swim season ended, and with the disappointment of the boycotted Olympics still on her mind, Hogshead stopped swimming competitively for nearly three years while concentrating on her education. By 1983, excitement was building for the 1984 Olympics and Hogshead decided to resume competitive swimming, but switched from butterfly to freestyle
. She won the 1984 National indoor 220-yard event and qualified for the 1984 US swimming team
.
in Los Angeles, California
she swam the finals in the women's 100m freestyle
. In the first dead heat
in Olympic swimming history, Hogshead and US-teammate Carrie Steinseifer
had identical times and both were awarded gold medals. Hogshead won two other golds, in the 4x100m freestyle and the 4x100m medley teams. She also won a silver in the 200m individual medley. During one race, wherein she missed a bronze medal by 7/100th of a second, she suffered a bronchial spasm that led to a diagnosis of asthma
. After the initial disbelief, she accepted her condition and learned to monitor and control it.
. Between speaking engagements, she managed to graduate from Duke with honors in 1986. Hogshead authored the 1990 book, Asthma and Exercise, the first comprehensive book on the topic of asthma and sports. The book tells inspirational stories of athletes who learned to manage their condition.
. The organization had a strong influence on her career direction and she has worked with the group for more than twenty years. She served on the board of trustees from 1987 to 1993 and as its President from 1993 to 1994. She has been a member of its board of stewards since 1996 and still acts as the foundation’s legal advisor. Hogshead realized that a person must understand the law in order to be an effective advocate for equity in collegiate sports using Title IX
. She applied to and was accepted at Georgetown Law. In 1991 Hogshead was an underwear model in a well-publicized Jockey for Her
advertisement.
in 1997, she returned to Jacksonville in private practice at Holland & Knight
, LLP. She represented student-athletes and universities in Title IX matters with the goal of achieving legal compliance without litigation. Hogshead has been a high profile advocate of gender equity in sports and a specialist on Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972.
Hogshead married Scott Makar
, a fellow lawyer at Holland & Knight, on October 10, 1999 and hyphenated his surname to her maiden name. Her husband has served as Florida Solicitor General
(FSG) since his appointment by Florida Attorney General Bill McCollum
in February, 2007.
The FSG represents the Government of Florida
before the Florida Supreme Court
and the United States Supreme Court when the government of Florida is party to a case. They have a son, Aaron and twin daughters, Helen-Clare & Millicent.
Since August 2001, Hogshead-Makar has been on the faculty at Florida Coastal School of Law
in Jacksonville. In addition, she is the director of the Legal Advocacy Center for Women in Sports. She has testified in Congress and has served on two Presidential committees on gender in sports. In 2007, she co-edited the book Equal Play; Title IX and Social Change with economist Andrew Zimbalist
.
Swimming (sport)
Swimming is a sport governed by the Fédération Internationale de Natation .-History: Competitive swimming in Europe began around 1800 BCE, mostly in the form of the freestyle. In 1873 Steve Bowyer introduced the trudgen to Western swimming competitions, after copying the front crawl used by Native...
who competed for the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
at the 1984 Summer Olympics
1984 Summer Olympics
The 1984 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXIII Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event held in Los Angeles, California, United States in 1984...
. She won three gold and one silver medals in medley
Medley swimming
Medley is a combination of four different swimming styles into one race. This race is either swum by one swimmer as individual medley or by four swimmers as a medley relay...
and freestyle swimming
Freestyle swimming
Freestyle is an unregulated swimming style used in swimming competitions according to the rules of FINA. The front crawl stroke is almost universally used during a freestyle race, as this style is generally the fastest...
. After retiring from competitive swimming she became a lawyer, writer, and asthma
Asthma
Asthma is the common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and bronchospasm. Symptoms include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath...
spokesperson.
Swimming
Nancy Lynn Hogshead was born in Iowa City, IowaIowa City, Iowa
Iowa City is a city in Johnson County, State of Iowa. As of the 2010 Census, the city had a total population of about 67,862, making it the sixth-largest city in the state. Iowa City is the county seat of Johnson County and home to the University of Iowa...
but her family soon moved to Florida
Florida
Florida is a state in the southeastern United States, located on the nation's Atlantic and Gulf coasts. It is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean. With a population of 18,801,310 as measured by the 2010 census, it...
. Hogshead was a champion swimmer while at Episcopal High School
Episcopal High School of Jacksonville
Episcopal School of Jacksonville is an independent, coeducational private college preparatory school in Jacksonville, Florida, United States. It was founded in 1966 by the Episcopal Diocese of Florida. The school has a middle school and a high school and enrolls about 900 students a...
in Jacksonville
Jacksonville, Florida
Jacksonville is the largest city in the U.S. state of Florida in terms of both population and land area, and the largest city by area in the contiguous United States. It is the county seat of Duval County, with which the city government consolidated in 1968...
. She won three national butterfly championships: 100 yards and 200 metres in 1977 and the 200-yard event in 1978. The next year, Nancy left home to train for the 1980 Olympics. She qualified for the team, but the American-led 1980 Summer Olympics boycott in Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
kept her home.
Duke University
Duke University
Duke University is a private research university located in Durham, North Carolina, United States. Founded by Methodists and Quakers in the present day town of Trinity in 1838, the school moved to Durham in 1892. In 1924, tobacco industrialist James B...
offered Hogshead its first swimming scholarship. There, she was again undefeated in dual meets and set a school record in eight different events; one of which still stands as of 2007. She only swam for one year at Duke, but she was a Four-Time ACC Champion and Two-Time All-American for 1981. After the swim season ended, and with the disappointment of the boycotted Olympics still on her mind, Hogshead stopped swimming competitively for nearly three years while concentrating on her education. By 1983, excitement was building for the 1984 Olympics and Hogshead decided to resume competitive swimming, but switched from butterfly to freestyle
Freestyle swimming
Freestyle is an unregulated swimming style used in swimming competitions according to the rules of FINA. The front crawl stroke is almost universally used during a freestyle race, as this style is generally the fastest...
. She won the 1984 National indoor 220-yard event and qualified for the 1984 US swimming team
Swimming at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Swimming at the 1984 Summer Olympics, held at the McDonald's Olympic Swim Stadium, located on the USC campus. There was a total of 494 participants from 67 countries competing.-Medal table:-Men's events:-Women's events:-References:...
.
Olympics
At the 1984 Summer Olympics1984 Summer Olympics
The 1984 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXIII Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event held in Los Angeles, California, United States in 1984...
in Los Angeles, California
Los Angeles, California
Los Angeles , with a population at the 2010 United States Census of 3,792,621, is the most populous city in California, USA and the second most populous in the United States, after New York City. It has an area of , and is located in Southern California...
she swam the finals in the women's 100m freestyle
Swimming at the 1984 Summer Olympics - Women's 100 metre freestyle
The final of the Women's 100 metres Freestyle event at the 1984 Summer Olympics was held in the McDonald's Olympic Swim Stadium in Los Angeles, California, on July 29, 1984. The eight fastest times qualified for the final, the next eight for the B-final....
. In the first dead heat
Dead Heat
Dead Heat is a 1988 movie about an LAPD police officer, Roger Mortis , killed while attempting to arrest zombies who have been reanimated by the head of Dante Laboratories in order to carry out violent armed robberies.-Plot:...
in Olympic swimming history, Hogshead and US-teammate Carrie Steinseifer
Carrie Steinseifer
Carolyn Lynne Steinseifer is a retired freestyle swimmer from the United States, who won a gold medal in the women's 100m freestyle at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California....
had identical times and both were awarded gold medals. Hogshead won two other golds, in the 4x100m freestyle and the 4x100m medley teams. She also won a silver in the 200m individual medley. During one race, wherein she missed a bronze medal by 7/100th of a second, she suffered a bronchial spasm that led to a diagnosis of asthma
Asthma
Asthma is the common chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and bronchospasm. Symptoms include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath...
. After the initial disbelief, she accepted her condition and learned to monitor and control it.
Asthma
She retired from competitive swimming, and with her Olympic fame, began to lecture around the world about asthma management. Pharmaceutical companies sponsored her and for a while, she spoke to over 100 groups each year across the US. In addition, Hogshead earned the title of National Spokesperson for the American Lung AssociationAmerican Lung Association
The American Lung Association is a voluntary health organization whose mission is to save lives by improving lung health and preventing lung disease.-History:...
. Between speaking engagements, she managed to graduate from Duke with honors in 1986. Hogshead authored the 1990 book, Asthma and Exercise, the first comprehensive book on the topic of asthma and sports. The book tells inspirational stories of athletes who learned to manage their condition.
Career choice
While in college, Hogshead was an intern at the Women's Sports FoundationWomen's Sports Foundation
The Women's Sports Foundation "is an educational nonprofit organization founded in 1974 by tennis legend Billie Jean King." Its stated mission statement is "To advance the lives of girls and women through sports and physical activity."...
. The organization had a strong influence on her career direction and she has worked with the group for more than twenty years. She served on the board of trustees from 1987 to 1993 and as its President from 1993 to 1994. She has been a member of its board of stewards since 1996 and still acts as the foundation’s legal advisor. Hogshead realized that a person must understand the law in order to be an effective advocate for equity in collegiate sports using Title IX
Title IX
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 is a United States law, enacted on June 23, 1972, that amended Title IX of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In 2002 it was renamed the Patsy T. Mink Equal Opportunity in Education Act, in honor of its principal author Congresswoman Mink, but is most...
. She applied to and was accepted at Georgetown Law. In 1991 Hogshead was an underwear model in a well-publicized Jockey for Her
Jockey International
Jockey International, Inc. is a manufacturer, distributor and retailer of underwear, sleepwear for men, women, and children. The company is based in Kenosha, Wisconsin. Jockey is known for having invented the first men's Y-Front brief in 1934. Jockey is a recognized trademark in 120...
advertisement.
Legal career
After graduating from Georgetown University Law CenterGeorgetown University Law Center
Georgetown University Law Center is the law school of Georgetown University, located in Washington, D.C.. Established in 1870, the Law Center offers J.D., LL.M., and S.J.D. degrees in law...
in 1997, she returned to Jacksonville in private practice at Holland & Knight
Holland & Knight
Holland & Knight is an international law firm with more than 1,000 lawyers in 17 U.S. offices. Other offices around the world are located in Abu Dhabi, UAE, Beijing, China, and Mexico City, Mexico. Holland & Knight provides representation in litigation, business, real estate and governmental law.-...
, LLP. She represented student-athletes and universities in Title IX matters with the goal of achieving legal compliance without litigation. Hogshead has been a high profile advocate of gender equity in sports and a specialist on Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972.
Hogshead married Scott Makar
Scott Makar
Scott Douglas Makar is an American lawyer and college professor who has been the Florida Solicitor General since 2007 and in that position, has argued five cases before the United States Supreme Court.-Early years:...
, a fellow lawyer at Holland & Knight, on October 10, 1999 and hyphenated his surname to her maiden name. Her husband has served as Florida Solicitor General
Florida Solicitor General
The Solicitor General of Florida or Florida Solicitor General is the top appellate solicitor for the U.S. State of Florida. It is an appointed position in the Office of the Florida Attorney General and the individual serves at the pleasure of the Attorney General...
(FSG) since his appointment by Florida Attorney General Bill McCollum
Bill McCollum
Ira William "Bill" McCollum, Jr. is a former Florida Attorney General. A Republican, he was Florida's 36th attorney general, taking office in 2007...
in February, 2007.
The FSG represents the Government of Florida
Government of Florida
The government of Florida is a constitutional republic with three branches of government, including the executive branch consisting of the Governor of Florida and the other elected and appointed constitutional officers; the legislative branch, the Florida Legislature, consisting of the Senate and...
before the Florida Supreme Court
Florida Supreme Court
The Supreme Court of the State of Florida is the highest court in the U.S. state of Florida. The Supreme Court consists of seven judges: the Chief Justice and six Justices who are appointed by the Governor to 6-year terms and remain in office if retained in a general election near the end of each...
and the United States Supreme Court when the government of Florida is party to a case. They have a son, Aaron and twin daughters, Helen-Clare & Millicent.
Since August 2001, Hogshead-Makar has been on the faculty at Florida Coastal School of Law
Florida Coastal School of Law
Florida Coastal School of Law is a private law school in Jacksonville, Florida. Established in 1996, the school is owned by the for-profit educational investment fund InfiLaw....
in Jacksonville. In addition, she is the director of the Legal Advocacy Center for Women in Sports. She has testified in Congress and has served on two Presidential committees on gender in sports. In 2007, she co-edited the book Equal Play; Title IX and Social Change with economist Andrew Zimbalist
Andrew Zimbalist
Andrew S. Zimbalist is an American economist. He is currently the Robert A. Woods Professor of Economics at Smith College....
.
Awards and honors
- 1977 AAU Nathan Mallison award as Florida's outstanding amateur athlete.
- 1984 Come-Back Swimmer of the Year Award from USA Swimming
- 1984 Kiphuth Award (given to the best all-around swimmer nationally)
- 1993 National Association for Sports and Physical Education Hall of Fame
- 1994 International Swimming Hall of Fame
- 1994 Duke University Sports Hall of Fame
- 1995 Florida Sports Hall of Fame
- 2000 Ranked as Florida's 13th greatest athlete of the 20th Century by Sports Illustrated
- 2001 International Scholar-Athlete Hall of Fame
- 2002 Honorary Doctorate from Springfield College
- 2003 Yolanda Jackson Give Back Award from the Women’s Sports Foundation
- 2003 Community Woman of the Year Award from Jacksonville University
- 2004 International Women’s Sports Hall of Fame
- 2007 Florida High School Athletic Hall of Fame
- 2007 Honor Award from National Association of Collegiate Women Athletics Administrators
- 2007 Named as one of the most influential people in the 35 year history of Title IX by Sports Illustrated
- 200x Jacksonville Sports Hall of Fame
- 2008 Academic All-America Hall of Fame from College Sports Information Director's of America (CoSIDA)
External links
- Florida Coastal School of Law Profile
- Jacksonville.com Top 100 Athletes of the Century
- Video Interview With Nancy Hogshead-Makar - Miller on Sports Radio