National-Social Association
Encyclopedia
The National-Social Association was a political party
in the German Empire
, founded in 1896 by Friedrich Naumann.
In the second half of the 19th century Germany underwent a rapid industrialization, which was connected with rising social problems. As a result of this the Social Democratic Party of Germany
(SPD) was founded and soon outlawed under the first chancellor of the German empire
Otto von Bismarck
. After the party was legalized again in 1890 (the year Bismarck resigned), it enjoyed considerable success at elections. Since the SPD was Marxist
, using Karl Marx
's Das Kapital
for their theoretical underpinnings the ruling classes considered it a threat.
In 1896, Friedrich Naumann, a Protestant parish priest, founded the National-Social Association. The establishment is seen as a reaction to the rise of socialism and an attempt to offer a moderate, social liberal
alternative, guided by Protestant Christian
principles, as opposed to the atheism
of the SPD, to the new masses of the working class.
The ideology of the grouping was labeled by its thought leader as "Social Imperialism" (Soziales Kaisertum) and "Christian-National Socialism" (christlich-nationaler Sozialismus), meaning a mix of social progressivism, Christian ethics
and liberal nationalism.
In the elections of 1898 and 1903 the candidates of the association failed to gain seats and Naumann dissolved the party, merging into the centrist liberal Free-minded Union
.
Publications of the party included Die Hilfe and Die Deutsche Volksstimme.
Despite its name, the National-Social Association is considered a liberal party, and had no relation to the twentieth century Nazi Party (NSDAP), except their shared rejection of Marxism, and claim to great power status for the German Empire.
Political party
A political party is a political organization that typically seeks to influence government policy, usually by nominating their own candidates and trying to seat them in political office. Parties participate in electoral campaigns, educational outreach or protest actions...
in the German Empire
German Empire
The German Empire refers to Germany during the "Second Reich" period from the unification of Germany and proclamation of Wilhelm I as German Emperor on 18 January 1871, to 1918, when it became a federal republic after defeat in World War I and the abdication of the Emperor, Wilhelm II.The German...
, founded in 1896 by Friedrich Naumann.
In the second half of the 19th century Germany underwent a rapid industrialization, which was connected with rising social problems. As a result of this the Social Democratic Party of Germany
Social Democratic Party of Germany
The Social Democratic Party of Germany is a social-democratic political party in Germany...
(SPD) was founded and soon outlawed under the first chancellor of the German empire
German Empire
The German Empire refers to Germany during the "Second Reich" period from the unification of Germany and proclamation of Wilhelm I as German Emperor on 18 January 1871, to 1918, when it became a federal republic after defeat in World War I and the abdication of the Emperor, Wilhelm II.The German...
Otto von Bismarck
Otto von Bismarck
Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg , simply known as Otto von Bismarck, was a Prussian-German statesman whose actions unified Germany, made it a major player in world affairs, and created a balance of power that kept Europe at peace after 1871.As Minister President of...
. After the party was legalized again in 1890 (the year Bismarck resigned), it enjoyed considerable success at elections. Since the SPD was Marxist
Marxism
Marxism is an economic and sociopolitical worldview and method of socioeconomic inquiry that centers upon a materialist interpretation of history, a dialectical view of social change, and an analysis and critique of the development of capitalism. Marxism was pioneered in the early to mid 19th...
, using Karl Marx
Karl Marx
Karl Heinrich Marx was a German philosopher, economist, sociologist, historian, journalist, and revolutionary socialist. His ideas played a significant role in the development of social science and the socialist political movement...
's Das Kapital
Das Kapital
Das Kapital, Kritik der politischen Ökonomie , by Karl Marx, is a critical analysis of capitalism as political economy, meant to reveal the economic laws of the capitalist mode of production, and how it was the precursor of the socialist mode of production.- Themes :In Capital: Critique of...
for their theoretical underpinnings the ruling classes considered it a threat.
In 1896, Friedrich Naumann, a Protestant parish priest, founded the National-Social Association. The establishment is seen as a reaction to the rise of socialism and an attempt to offer a moderate, social liberal
Social liberalism
Social liberalism is the belief that liberalism should include social justice. It differs from classical liberalism in that it believes the legitimate role of the state includes addressing economic and social issues such as unemployment, health care, and education while simultaneously expanding...
alternative, guided by Protestant Christian
Protestantism
Protestantism is one of the three major groupings within Christianity. It is a movement that began in Germany in the early 16th century as a reaction against medieval Roman Catholic doctrines and practices, especially in regards to salvation, justification, and ecclesiology.The doctrines of the...
principles, as opposed to the atheism
Atheism
Atheism is, in a broad sense, the rejection of belief in the existence of deities. In a narrower sense, atheism is specifically the position that there are no deities...
of the SPD, to the new masses of the working class.
The ideology of the grouping was labeled by its thought leader as "Social Imperialism" (Soziales Kaisertum) and "Christian-National Socialism" (christlich-nationaler Sozialismus), meaning a mix of social progressivism, Christian ethics
Christian ethics
The first recorded meeting on the topic of Christian ethics, after Jesus' Sermon on the Mount, Great Commandment, and Great Commission , was the Council of Jerusalem , which is seen by most Christians as agreement that the New Covenant either abrogated or set aside at least some of the Old...
and liberal nationalism.
In the elections of 1898 and 1903 the candidates of the association failed to gain seats and Naumann dissolved the party, merging into the centrist liberal Free-minded Union
Free-minded Union
The Free-minded Union was a liberal party in the German Empire that existed from 1893 to 1910.-Emergence:Inside its predecessor, the German Free-minded Party there have always been tensions between the leftist and the moderate wing. Another contentious point was the personalist style of leader...
.
Publications of the party included Die Hilfe and Die Deutsche Volksstimme.
Despite its name, the National-Social Association is considered a liberal party, and had no relation to the twentieth century Nazi Party (NSDAP), except their shared rejection of Marxism, and claim to great power status for the German Empire.
See also
- Christian Social PartyChristian Social Party (Germany)The Christian Social Party was a right-wing political party in the German Empire, founded in 1878 by Adolf Stoecker as the Christlichsoziale Arbeiterpartei . The party combined a strong Christian and conservative programme with progressive ideas on labour, and tried to provide an alternative for...
- LiberalismLiberalismLiberalism is the belief in the importance of liberty and equal rights. Liberals espouse a wide array of views depending on their understanding of these principles, but generally, liberals support ideas such as constitutionalism, liberal democracy, free and fair elections, human rights,...
- Liberalism in GermanyLiberalism in GermanyThis article aims to give an historical overview of liberalism in Germany. The liberal parties dealt with in the timeline below are, largely, those which received sufficient support at one time or another to have been represented in parliament. Not all parties so included, however, necessarily...