National Research and Education Network
Encyclopedia
A National Research and Education Network (NREN) is a specialised internet service provider
dedicated to supporting the needs of the research
and education
communities within a country.
It is usually distinguished by support for a high-speed backbone network
, often offering dedicated channels for individual research projects.
NRENs are usually the places where new Internet protocols and architectures are introduced before deployment within the Public Internet. Two examples of these protocols are IPv6
and IP multicast
. Two examples of architecture are client/server and Cloud computing
.
Internet service provider
An Internet service provider is a company that provides access to the Internet. Access ISPs directly connect customers to the Internet using copper wires, wireless or fiber-optic connections. Hosting ISPs lease server space for smaller businesses and host other people servers...
dedicated to supporting the needs of the research
Research
Research can be defined as the scientific search for knowledge, or as any systematic investigation, to establish novel facts, solve new or existing problems, prove new ideas, or develop new theories, usually using a scientific method...
and education
Education
Education in its broadest, general sense is the means through which the aims and habits of a group of people lives on from one generation to the next. Generally, it occurs through any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts...
communities within a country.
It is usually distinguished by support for a high-speed backbone network
Backbone network
A backbone network or network backbone is a part of computer network infrastructure that interconnects various pieces of network, providing a path for the exchange of information between different LANs or subnetworks. A backbone can tie together diverse networks in the same building, in different...
, often offering dedicated channels for individual research projects.
NRENs are usually the places where new Internet protocols and architectures are introduced before deployment within the Public Internet. Two examples of these protocols are IPv6
IPv6
Internet Protocol version 6 is a version of the Internet Protocol . It is designed to succeed the Internet Protocol version 4...
and IP multicast
Multicast
In computer networking, multicast is the delivery of a message or information to a group of destination computers simultaneously in a single transmission from the source creating copies automatically in other network elements, such as routers, only when the topology of the network requires...
. Two examples of architecture are client/server and Cloud computing
Cloud computing
Cloud computing is the delivery of computing as a service rather than a product, whereby shared resources, software, and information are provided to computers and other devices as a utility over a network ....
.
List of NRENs by Geographic Area
- East and Southern Africa
- UbuntuNet Alliance for Research and Education Networking - the Alliance of NRENs of East and Southern Africa
- Eb@le - DRC NREN
- EthERNetEthernetEthernet is a family of computer networking technologies for local area networks commercially introduced in 1980. Standardized in IEEE 802.3, Ethernet has largely replaced competing wired LAN technologies....
- Ethiopian NREN - KENET - Kenyan NREN
- MARENMarenMaren is a village in the Dutch province of North Brabant. It is located in the municipality of Lith, about 10 km northeast of 's-Hertogenbosch.Maren was a separate municipality until 1821, when it became part of Alem, Maren en Kessel.-References:...
- Malawian NREN - MoRENet - Mozambican NREN
- RENUReNuReNu is a brand of soft contact lens care products produced by Bausch & Lomb. It was by far the most popular brand of lens solutions until 2006. The original products are still availabe as renu fresh and renu sensitive...
- Ugandan NREN - RwEdNet - Rwanda NREN
- SomaliREN - Somali NREN
- SUINSuinSuin may refer to:*Suin, Rajasthan, a village in Rajasthan, India*Suin, Saône-et-Loire, a commune in the French region of Bourgogne...
- Sudanese NREN - TENETTENET (network)The Tertiary Education and Research Network is a wide area network connecting various educational and research institutes in South Africa....
/SANReNSANReNSANReN is a project to create a new National Research and Education Network in South Africa. However, unlike most other NRENs, SANReN will provide its clients with both connectivity to the world's research networks as well as commodity Internet access.In 2005, the South African Department of...
- South African NREN - TERNET - Tanzanian NREN
- Xnet - Namibian NREN
- ZAMREN - Zambian NREN
- North Africa
- TURENTurenTureň is a village and municipality in western Slovakia in Senec District in the Bratislava Region.-Geography:The municipality lies at an altitude of 126 metres and covers an area of 5.303km². It has a population of 878 people.-External links/Sources:...
- Tunisian NREN - MARWANMarwanMarwan is an Arabic male name. It may refer to:-Given name:*Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik I Saadi, King of Morocco *Marwan I, Umayyad caliph...
- Moroccan NREN - ENREN - Egyptian NREN
- ARN - Algerian NREN
- TUREN
- West and Central Africa
- WACREN - West and Central African Research and Education Network
- GARNETGarnetThe garnet group includes a group of minerals that have been used since the Bronze Age as gemstones and abrasives. The name "garnet" may come from either the Middle English word gernet meaning 'dark red', or the Latin granatus , possibly a reference to the Punica granatum , a plant with red seeds...
- Ghanaian NREN
- Asia Pacific
- APAN - Asia-Pacific Advanced Network
- AARNetAARNetAARNet or Australian Academic and Research Network offers Internet services to the Australian education and research communities and their research partners.AARNet is a not-for-profit company limited by shares...
- Australian NREN - BDREN - Bangladeshi NREN
- CSTNETCSTNETCSTNET or China Science and Technology Network offers Internet services to the Chinese education, research, scientific and technical communities, relevant government departments and hi-tech enterprises, providing services such as network access, host trusteeship, virtual host and domain name...
CERNET NSFCNET - Chinese NREN - HARNETHarnetHARNET is the wide area network which links up the campus networks of the eight tertiary institutions in Hong Kong.-External links:* HARNET - The Hong Kong Academic and Research NETwork...
- Hong Kong NREN - KREONET- Korean NREN
- ERNETERNETEducation and Research Network , India is an autonomous scientific society of Ministry of Communication & information technology . ERNET has made a significant contribution to the emergence of networking in the country...
CDAC - Indian NREN - INHERENTINHERENTThe Indonesia Higher Education Network is an inter-university educational network in Indonesia. For the first phase of development, the network consists of 32 universities. The main ring of this network is located on the island of Java, five universities as a backbone network connected using STM-1...
- Indonesian NREN - SINET - Japanese NREN
- LEARN - Sri Lankan NREN
- MYREN - Malaysian NREN
- NREN - Nepal NREN
- KAREN - New Zealand NREN
- PERNPERNThe Pakistan Education and Research Network is a part of an IT Action Plan that was launched by Prof. Dr. Atta-ur-Rahman as Minister of Science and Technology, Government of Pakistan, in August 2002...
- Pakistani NREN - PREGINET - Philippine NREN
- SingAREN - Singaporean NREN
- TWAREN - Taiwanese NREN
- Uninet - Thai NREN
- VinaRen - Vietnamese NREN
- North America:
- Internet2Internet2Internet2 is an advanced not-for-profit US networking consortium led by members from the research and education communities, industry, and government....
(UCAID) - NREN of the United States of America - National LambdaRailNational LambdaRailNational LambdaRail is a , high-speed national network infrastructure owned and operated by the U.S. research and education community that runs over fiber-optic lines, and is the first transcontinental 10-Gigabit Ethernet network...
(NLR) - United States NREN - ESnet - Energy Sciences Network
- NCREN - North Carolina Research and Education Network
- KanREN - Kansas Research and Education Network
- CalREN - Californian NREN CENICCorporation for Education Network Initiatives in CaliforniaThe Corporation for Education Network Initiatives in California is a nonprofit corporation formed in 1996 to provide high-performance, high-bandwidth networking services to California universities and research institutions...
- CANARIECANARIECANARIE is a Canadian government-supported non-profit corporation, founded in 1993, which maintains a set of leased wide area network links for the transfer of very large data files. The core network consists of 19000 km of fibre optic cable capable of speeds as high as 100 Gbps but...
(CA*Net) - Canadian NREN
- Internet2
- South America
- CLARAClara NetworkCLARA, , is an international organization whose aim is to connect Latin America's academic computer networks...
- Cooperación Latino Americana de Redes Avanzadas (Association of Latin American NRENs) - Innova-Red - Argentinian NREN
- RNPRede Nacional de Ensino e PesquisaRede Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa is Brazil's academic Internet backbone. It was created in 1989 and the network started being built in 1991....
- Brazilian NREN - REUNA - Chilean NREN
- RENATA - Colombian NREN
- CR2Net - Costa Rican NREN
- CEDIA - Ecuadorian NREN
- RAICESRaícesRaíces may refer to:* Raíces , a composition for symphony wind orchestra by Valencian composer Juan J. Colomer* Raíces , 1989* Raíces , 2008...
- El Salvadoran NREN - RAGIE - Guatemalan NREN
- UNITECUniversidad Tecnológica CentroamericanaThe Central American Technological University ' is a private coeducational institution with campuses in the three main cities of Honduras: Tegucigalpa, San Pedro Sula and La Ceiba.-History:...
- Honduran NREN - CUDICUDICUDI is a non-profit consortium to build and operate a Mexican high-performance backbone network for research and education, Internet-2 Mexico.-Overview:...
- Mexican NREN - RENIAReniaRenia is a genus of moths of the Noctuidae family. -Species:* Renia adspergillus Bosc, 1800* Renia discoloralis Guenée, 1854* Renia factiosalis Walker, 1859* Renia flavipunctalis Geyer, 1832* Renia fraternalis J.B. Smith, 1895...
- Nicaraguan NREN - RedCyT - Panamanian NREN
- AranduAranduArandu is a Brazilian city of the state of São Paulo. The population in 2004 is 6,293. The city is served by Avaré-Arandu Airport located at the adjoining municipality of Avaré....
- Paraguayan NREN - RAAP - Peruvian NREN
- CKLN - Caribbean NREN
- RAU - Uruguayan NREN
- REACCIUN CNTI?- Venezuelan NREN
- CLARA
- Europe
- DANTEDANTEDelivery of Advanced Network Technology to Europe is a not-for-profit organisation that plans, builds and operates the international networks that interconnect the various national research and education networks in Europe and surrounding regions...
- GÉANT2GÉANT2GÉANT2 is the seventh generation of pan-European research and education network, successor to the pan-European multi-gigabit research network GÉANT. The project within which the network is funded began officially on 1 September 2004, and is due to run for four years.The GÉANT2 network provides...
backbone network on behalf of European NREN - TERENATERENAThe Trans-European Research and Education Networking Association is a not-for-profit association of European national research and education networks incorporated in Amsterdam, The Netherlands...
- Trans-European Research and Education Networking Association - Eumedconnect - South Mediterranean Backbone
- AzScienceNet
-Azerbaijan Science Network - ACOnet - Austrian NREN
- BASNET - Belarus NREN
- BelnetBELNETBELNET is a Belgian internet provider for research institutions. Beginning in 1989, BELNET provides web services to higher education, federal departments and ministries, and international organisations....
- Belgian NREN - BRENBRENBREN is both the name of the Bulgarian National research and education network as well as the name of the Association that plans, deploys and maintains it....
- Bulgarian NREN - CESNETCESNETCESNET is Czech Republic's National Research and Education Network operator. It has been founded in 1996 by universities and the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. Association is a successor of activity CESNET provided by Czech Technical University, started as FESNET in 1992.CESNET has...
- Czech NREN - CARNetCARNetCARNet is the national research and education network of Croatia. It is funded from the government budget and it operates from offices in Zagreb and five other cities....
- Croatian NREN - CYNET - Cypriot NREN
- SURFnetSURFnetSURFnet is both the name for the organisation that develops, implements and maintains the national research and education network of the Netherlands as well as the network it operates. As one of the first networks linked to the Internet outside the USA the organisation has taken the lead in the...
- Dutch NREN - EENetEENetEstonian Educational and Research Network is a governmental nonprofit organization established in August 1993 by the Ministry of Education of Estonia with the task of managing, coordinating and developing the computer network of science, education and culture...
- Estonian NREN - RENATERRenaterRENATER Deployed at the beginning of the 1990’s, RENATER provides a national and international connectivity...
- French NREN - DFN - German NREN
- GRNETGRNETThe Greek Research and Technology Network or GRNET is the national research and education network of Greece. GRNET develops and provides advanced services of national and international internet access to the Research, Academic and Education communities of Greece, with its gigabit GRNET2 network...
- Greek NREN - HUNGARNET - Hungarian NREN
- HEAnetHEAnetHEAnet is the Irish NREN; it provides high-speed Internet access to academic institutions in Ireland direct to European and USA networks...
- Irish NREN - GARRGarrGarr may refer to:*Allen Garr, journalist, author, and journalism instructor based in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada*Ralph Garr , former Major League Baseball player*Teri Garr, American actress*Garr King , judge of the U.S...
- Italian NREN - KazRENAKazRENAKazakhstan Research & Education Networking Association is a nonprofit organization established in August 2001 with the goal of resolving the digital divide problem in the Republic of Kazakhstan by developing a unified infrastructure of the research and educational computer network.KazRENA is a...
- Kazakhstan NREN - LATNET - Latvian NREN
- LITNETLITNETLITNET is an Academic and Research Network in Lithuania. It was established in 1991 and had X.25 satellite connectivity to University of Oslo.LITNET NOC is located in Kaunas University of Technology ....
- Lithuanian NREN - RENATERRenaterRENATER Deployed at the beginning of the 1990’s, RENATER provides a national and international connectivity...
- French NREN - RESTENA - Luxembourg NREN
- MARNET - Macedonian NREN
- UoM-CSC - Maltese NREN
- RENAM - Moldovian NREN
- MRENMRENMREN is a collection of all networking services and facilities that support the information and communication requirements of the education and research community in Montenegro...
- Montenegro NREN - PIONIER (PCSS) - Polish NREN
- FCCN - Portuguese NREN
- RoEduNetRoEduNet-General Description:RoEduNet is the name of the Romanian educational and research network NREN, member of the European research and education network GÉANT...
- Romanian NRENs - AMRES - Serbian NREN
- ARNESARNESARNES stands for Academic and Research Network of Slovenia. Its main task is development, operation and management of the communication and information network for education and research, and was established as an independent public institution in 1992....
- Slovenian NREN - SANET - Slovakian NREN
- RedIRISRedIRISRedIRIS is the national research and education network for Spain. It is part of Red.es, which also administers and oversees the .es national Top-level domain. Most Spanish universities and research centers are interconnected through RedIRIS, currently totalling about 260 institutions...
- Spanish NREN - SWITCHSWITCH Information Technology ServicesSWITCH is the manager of the .ch and .li country-code top-level domains for Switzerland and Liechtenstein, respectively. It also manages the educational networks among Swiss universities, and the links to other university networks. It also mirrors open source software .- External links :**...
- Swiss NREN - ULAKBIM - Turkish NREN
- URANUranUran is part of the Navi Mumbai city township lying in the Raigad district near Panvel and Karjat. It is situated east of Mumbai across the Dharamtar Creek, and is primarily a fishing village, which has developed into a special economy zone. Even famous for its salt pans later after the revolt by...
- Ukrainian NREN - JANETJANETJANET is a private British government-funded computer network dedicated to education and research. All further- and higher-education organisations in the UK are connected to JANET, as are all the Research Councils; the majority of these sites are connected via 20 metropolitan area networks JANET...
(JANET(UK)JANET(UK)JANET is the trading name for the JNT Association, which since 1994 has had responsibility for the management of the United Kingdom’s Higher Education networking programme. It manages the operation and development of the JANET network, which links the UK’s education and research organisations to...
) - United Kingdom NREN
- DANTE
- Scandinavia
- NORDUnetNORDUnetNORDUnet is an international collaboration between the Nordic national computer networks for research and education. The members of NORDUnet are:* SUNET of Sweden* UNINETT of Norway* FUNET of Finland* Forskningsnettet of Denmark* RHnet of Iceland...
- NordicNordic countriesThe Nordic countries make up a region in Northern Europe and the North Atlantic which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden and their associated territories, the Faroe Islands, Greenland and Åland...
backbone network- ForskningsnettetDanish Network for Research and EducationThe Danish Research Network, "Forskningsnettet", is a joint high-speed network for universities and the research community in Denmark.Today, the Danish Research Network has approximately 110 subscribers and more than 100,000 users every day....
- Danish NREN - FUNETFUNETFUNET is the Finnish University and Research Network, a backbone network providing Internet connections for Finnish universities and polytechnics as well as other research facilities. It is governed by the state-owned CSC – IT Center for Science Ltd. The FUNET project started in December 1983 and...
- Finnish NREN - RHnetRHnetRHnet is the Icelandic Educational and Research Network. Its objective is to link together Icelandic universities and research institutions by means of a high capacity computer network, and supply services in the field of computer communications, both domestically and internationally.RHnet is a...
- Icelandic NREN - SUNETSUNETSUNET is the Swedish University Computer Network. SUNET provides high-speed Internet access to academic institutions in Sweden. The current incarnation of the network, OptoSunet, provides 40 Gbit/s links between the cities hosting universities. It replaces the older network, GigaSunet, based mainly...
- Swedish NREN - UNINETTUNINETTUninett is a Norwegian government-owned company responsible for deploying and maintaining a national research based computer network . They also conduct network research and pilot projects related to high speed connectivity...
- Norwegian NREN
- Forskningsnettet
- NORDUnet
- Middle East
- Eumedconnect - Mediterranean/North African Backbone
- ANKABUT UAE NREN
- IUCCIUCCIUCC, the Israel InterUniversity Computation Center, implements, operates and maintains the national research and education network of Israel....
- Israeli NREN - JUnetJUNETJapan University NETwork was a computer network established by three universities, Tokyo University, Tokyo Institute of Technology and Keio University in October 1984 for test and research purposes. At its height it connected 700 machines. Comparable to the model of the American Usenet, it...
Jordanian NREN - Lebanon
- Birzeit Uni/AlQuds Palestinian Authority
- Qartar FN - Qartarian NREN
- HIAST Syrian NREN
- RUNNet RIPN RBnet- Russian University Network, Russian NREN
- ASNET-AMASNET-AMThe Academic Scientific Research Computer Network of Armenia is the national research and education network of Armenia. ASNET-AM was created in 1994...
- Armenian - AzRENA - Azerbaijan
- BASNET UNIBEL Belarus
- GRENAGrenåGrenaa or Grenå is a town in central Denmark with a population of 14,308 . The town centre is about 2 km west of the east coast of the Djursland peninsula in Jutland's Region Midtjylland...
- Georgian NREN - KazRENAKazRENAKazakhstan Research & Education Networking Association is a nonprofit organization established in August 2001 with the goal of resolving the digital divide problem in the Republic of Kazakhstan by developing a unified infrastructure of the research and educational computer network.KazRENA is a...
- Kazakhstan NREN - KRENA - Kyrgyzian NREN
- TuRENA - Turkmenistan NREN
- UzSciNet - Uzbekistan NREN
- ASNET-AM