Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement
Encyclopedia
Political party
A political party is a political organization that typically seeks to influence government policy, usually by nominating their own candidates and trying to seat them in political office. Parties participate in electoral campaigns, educational outreach or protest actions...
in Panama
Panama
Panama , officially the Republic of Panama , is the southernmost country of Central America. Situated on the isthmus connecting North and South America, it is bordered by Costa Rica to the northwest, Colombia to the southeast, the Caribbean Sea to the north and the Pacific Ocean to the south. The...
.
It was founded on 21 October 1981 by now defunct Third Nationalist Party
Third Nationalist Party
The Third Nationalist Party was a Panamanian conservative, radical nationalist political party....
, National Patriotic Coalition
National Patriotic Coalition
The National Patriotic Coalition was a Panamanian conservative nationalist political party....
, National Liberation Movement
National Liberation Movement (Panama)
The National Liberation Movement was a Panamanian right-wing liberal political party.It was created in 1959 by Temístocles Díaz Q., a son of the late President Domingo Díaz Arosemena and a prominent National Patriotic Coalition leader and First Vice-President under Ernesto de la Guardia .A formal...
and factions that had earlier split off from National Liberal Party and Republican Party
Republican Party (Panama)
The Republican Party is a Panamanian right-wing political party.Its distant origins lie in the Liberal Renewal Party founded in 1932...
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This party evolved as an alliance of traditional, oligarchy-controlled, primarily conservative organizations, which opposed the government of the military.
According to a Soviet Union news article, "The MOLIRENA was aptly called a "patchwork quilt" by local journalists. The characteristic feature of the party was the link of the agrarian oligarchy with the commercial bourgeoisie, i.e. a union of the most conservative segments of the country. The names of members of MOLIRENA leaders César Arrocha Graell, Guillermo Arias and Rene Crespo, who, as members of the government before 1968, took part in the appropriation of almost a billion dollars from the state treasury, were mentioned in the local press in connection with former "merits.""
In 1984
Panamanian general election, 1984
The Panama held a general election on 6 May 1984, electing both a new President of the Republic and a new Legislative Assembly.-Background:Under October 1978 legislation, eight parties had met quotas of 30,000 valid signatures by 1 April 1983, in order to legally nominate candidates in future...
, the MOLIRENA was part of the Democratic Opposition Alliance (ADO) which lost the presidential and legislative elections following suspected widespread fraud by the military.
During 1987, the MOLIRENA became increasingly involved in confrontations with the government, openly campaigning through strikes and street demonstrations, which were violently suppressed, for the resignation and removal of General Manuel Noriega
Manuel Noriega
Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno is a Panamanian politician and soldier. He was military dictator of Panama from 1983 to 1989.The 1989 invasion of Panama by the United States removed him from power; he was captured, detained as a prisoner of war, and flown to the United States. Noriega was tried on...
who was accused of drug trafficking, electoral fraud, corruption and murder.
The MOLIRENA was again part of the Democratic Alliance of Civic Opposition (ADOC) electoral alliance in May l989
Panamanian general election, 1989
The Panama held a general election on 7 May 1989, electing both a new President of the Republic and a new Legislative Assembly.The death of Arnulfo Arias in August 1988, a few days before his eighty-seventh birthday, removed a major obstacle to opposition unity, but also created several new problems...
which supported the presidential candidacy of Guillermo Endara
Guillermo Endara
Guillermo David Endara Galimany was the President of Panama from 1989 to 1994. He ran for office in 2004 and 2009 but lost to the former President Martin Torrijos and to the incumbent President Ricardo Martinelli....
of the Arnulfista Party
and, after the official ratification of the results following the US military invasion in December. Guillermo Ford
Guillermo Ford
Guillermo "Billy" Ford Boyd was a Vice President of Panama. He was one of the running mates of presidential candidate Guillermo Endara during the 1989 Panamanian election campaign...
became Second Vice-President of the Republic (1989-1994).
For the Panamanian general election, 1994
Panamanian general election, 1994
The Panama held a general election on 8 May 1994, electing both a new President of the Republic and a new Legislative Assembly."On 8 May 1994, Ernesto Pérez Balladares of the PRD was elected president of Panama with about 33.3 percent of the popular vote. His party also achieved an effective...
the MOLIRENA was the main component of the Alliance for Change '94, with the MOLIRENA's Rubén Dario Carles as the coalition's presidential candidate. He polled 171,192 votes (16.05%) and came fourth
In 1999 MOLIRENA allied with the Union for Panama (ADP) and its candidate Mireya Moscoso
Mireya Moscoso
Mireya Elisa Moscoso Rodríguez de Arias is a Panamanian political figure. She was the President of Panama from 1999 to 2004, representing the Arnulfista Party...
.
In 2004 MOLIRENA allied with the Vision of the Country (ADP) and its candidate José Miguel Alemán
José Miguel Alemán
José Miguel Alemán Healy is a Panamanian politician.He spent a significant part of his childhood living in Washington, DC while his father, Roberto Alemán Zubieta, was serving as one of the leading negotiators for the Robles-Johnson Treaties and later on as Ambassador of Panama to the United...
. The party won 8.6 % of the popular vote and 4 out of 78 seats.
In 2009
Panamanian general election, 2009
Presidential and parliamentary elections were held in Panama on May 3, 2009.The government-supported presidential candidate and member of the Democratic Revolutionary Party was the former Housing Minister Balbina Herrera. The Liberal Party and the People's Party were in alliance with the PRD, in...
MOLIRENA allied with the Alliance for Change (ADP) and its candidate Ricardo Martinelli
Ricardo Martinelli
Ricardo Alberto Martinelli Berrocal is a Panamanian politician and businessman who was elected the 49th President of Panama in 2009. He is a Panamanian of Italian descent from his father's side.- Early life :...
.
See also
- LiberalismLiberalismLiberalism is the belief in the importance of liberty and equal rights. Liberals espouse a wide array of views depending on their understanding of these principles, but generally, liberals support ideas such as constitutionalism, liberal democracy, free and fair elections, human rights,...
- Contributions to liberal theoryContributions to liberal theoryIndividual contributors to classical liberalism and political liberalism are associated with philosophers of the Enlightenment. Liberalism as a specifically named ideology begins in the late 18th century as a movement towards self-government and away from aristocracy...
- Liberalism worldwideLiberalism worldwideThis article gives information on liberalism in diverse countries around the world. It is an overview of parties that adhere more or less to the ideas of political liberalism and is therefore a list of liberal parties around the world....
- List of liberal parties
- Liberal democracyLiberal democracyLiberal democracy, also known as constitutional democracy, is a common form of representative democracy. According to the principles of liberal democracy, elections should be free and fair, and the political process should be competitive...
- Liberalism in PanamaLiberalism in PanamaThis article gives an overview of liberalism in Panama. It is limited to liberal parties with substantial support, mainly proved by having had a representation in parliament. The sign ⇒ means a reference to another party in that scheme...