Native Community Lands
Encyclopedia
Native Community Lands according to Bolivian
law, are territories held by indigenous people through collective title. The creation of these territories has been a major goal of Bolivian indigenous movements and a political initiative pursued by both neoliberal and indigenous-identified national governments. TCOs are being included under the Indigenous Originary Campesino Autonomy regime. , 60 TCOs had been proposed in the lowlands, of which 12 had completed titling, and 143 had been proposed in the highlands, of which 72 had final titles. More than 16.8 million hectares have been incorporated within Native Community Lands , more than 15% of Bolivia's land area.
Titling of indigenous territories was propelled by the March for Territory and Dignity in July and August 1990, organized by the Confederation of Indigenous Peoples of the Bolivian East (CIDOB). This march demanded the recognition of four indigenous territories, which was granted through Supreme Decrees issued on 24 September 1990. State recognition was formalized through the 1993 Agrarian Reform Law, which authorized community land ownership and formalized Native Community Lands as the vehicle for this ownership. Responsibility for verifying and awarding title fell to the National Institute of Agrarian Reform. In the 1994 revision of the Constitution, indigenous rights to exercise "social, economic, and cultural rights" through Native Community Lands were recognized in Article 171. In the 2009 Constitution, Native Community Lands reappear as Indigenous Originary Campesino Territories in Article 403. A study by the Fundación Tierra found that while the Morales government has significantly advanced titling of Native Community Lands, it has resisted ensuring the constitution rights of TCO residents over the management of their territories and resources.
Bolivia
Bolivia officially known as Plurinational State of Bolivia , is a landlocked country in central South America. It is the poorest country in South America...
law, are territories held by indigenous people through collective title. The creation of these territories has been a major goal of Bolivian indigenous movements and a political initiative pursued by both neoliberal and indigenous-identified national governments. TCOs are being included under the Indigenous Originary Campesino Autonomy regime. , 60 TCOs had been proposed in the lowlands, of which 12 had completed titling, and 143 had been proposed in the highlands, of which 72 had final titles. More than 16.8 million hectares have been incorporated within Native Community Lands , more than 15% of Bolivia's land area.
Titling of indigenous territories was propelled by the March for Territory and Dignity in July and August 1990, organized by the Confederation of Indigenous Peoples of the Bolivian East (CIDOB). This march demanded the recognition of four indigenous territories, which was granted through Supreme Decrees issued on 24 September 1990. State recognition was formalized through the 1993 Agrarian Reform Law, which authorized community land ownership and formalized Native Community Lands as the vehicle for this ownership. Responsibility for verifying and awarding title fell to the National Institute of Agrarian Reform. In the 1994 revision of the Constitution, indigenous rights to exercise "social, economic, and cultural rights" through Native Community Lands were recognized in Article 171. In the 2009 Constitution, Native Community Lands reappear as Indigenous Originary Campesino Territories in Article 403. A study by the Fundación Tierra found that while the Morales government has significantly advanced titling of Native Community Lands, it has resisted ensuring the constitution rights of TCO residents over the management of their territories and resources.
| TCO | Location | Size (hectares) |
Date Established | Established by | Indigenous Peoples | Previous Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sirionó Indigenous Territory | 52,408.71 ha | Supreme Decree 22609 | Sirionó | |||
| Isiboro Sécure National Park and Indigenous Territory Isiboro Sécure National Park and Indigenous Territory Isiboro Sécure National Park and Indigenous Territory is a protected area and Native Community Land in Bolivia situated between the north of the Cochabamba Department and the south of the Beni Department... |
Cochabamba Cochabamba Department Cochabamba is one of the nine component departments of Bolivia. It is known to be the "granary" of the country because of its variety of agricultural products due to Cochabamba's geographical position. It has an area of 55,631 km². Its population, in the 2007 census, was 1,750,000... /Beni Department Beni Department Beni, sometimes El Beni, is a northeastern department of Bolivia, in the lowlands region of the country. It is the second largest department in the country , covering 213,564 square kilometers , and it was created by supreme decree on November 18, 1842 during the administration of General José... border |
1,372,180 ha | Supreme Decree 22610 | Trinitario Mojeño, Yuracaré, Chimán | National Park (since 1965) | |
| Multiethnic Indigenous Territory I | Beni | 365,483.26 ha | Supreme Decree 22611 | Trinitario Mojeño, Ignaciano Mojeño, Movima, Yuracaré, Chimán | ||
| Chimán Indigenous Territory I | Beni | 337,360.44 ha | ||||
| Pilón Lajas Biosphere Reserve and Communal Lands Pilón Lajas Biosphere Reserve and Communal Lands Pilón Lajas Biosphere Reserve and Communal Lands is a protected area in Bolivia located in the departments of La Paz and Beni , in their northern and western parts, respectively, about 350 km northeast of La Paz and 50 km west of... |
Yungas region, northern La Paz Department and Beni | Supreme Decree 23110 | Mosetén, Tsimané | Biosphere Reserve (since 1980s) | ||
| Chayantaka Native Community Lands | north Potosí | 36,366.79 | INRA titling completed | Chayantaka ayllu Ayllu Ayllu is the traditional form of a community in the Andes, especially among Quechuas and Aymaras.Ayllus were the basic political and social units of pre-Inca and Inca life. These were essentially extended family groups but they could adopt non-related members, giving individual families more... |
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| Lomerío Chiquitano Indigenous Territory | 259,188 | |
Supreme Decree 23112 INRA Titling Complete |
Chiquitano Chiquitano people The Chiquitano are a native ethnic group living primarily in the Chiquitanía tropical savanna of Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia, with a small number also living in Beni Department and in Brazil. In the 2001 census, self-identified Chiquitanos made up 3.6% of the total Bolivian population or 181,894... |
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| Monte Verde Chiquitano Indigenous Territory | Ñuflo de Chávez Province Ñuflo de Chávez Province Ñuflo de Chávez is one of the fifteen provinces of the Bolivian Santa Cruz Department and is situated in the northern central parts of the department. The name of the province honors the conquistador Ñuflo de Chaves who founded the city of Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Its capital is Concepción... , Santa Cruz |
947,440.8 | Titling completed and awarded | Chiquitano Chiquitano people The Chiquitano are a native ethnic group living primarily in the Chiquitanía tropical savanna of Santa Cruz Department, Bolivia, with a small number also living in Beni Department and in Brazil. In the 2001 census, self-identified Chiquitanos made up 3.6% of the total Bolivian population or 181,894... |
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| Araona Indigenous Territory | Supreme Decree 23108 | |||||
| Yuki Indigenous Territory | Cochabamba | Supreme Decree 23111 | Yuki, Yuracaré | |||
| Yuracaré Native Community Lands | Cochabamba | Yuracaré | ||||
| Avatiri Ingre Native Community Lands | Chuquisaca | Guaraní | ||||
| Avatiri Huacareta Native Community Lands | Chuquisaca | Guaraní | ||||
| Avatiri Ingre Native Community Lands | Chuquisaca | Guaraní | ||||
| Machareti-Ñancaroinza-Carandayti Native Community Lands | Chuquisaca | Guaraní | ||||
| Itikaraparirenda Native Community Lands | Chuquisaca | Guaraní | ||||
| Alto Parapetí Native Community Lands | Santa Cruz | Guaraní | Ranches with Guaraní in conditions of servitude | |||
| Nor Lípez Native Community Lands Nor Lípez Native Community Lands The Nor Lípez Native Community Lands are a collectively owned indigenous territory in the province of Nor Lípez, Potosí, Bolivia, registered as a Native Community Land and titled by the National Agrarian Reform Institute on 19 April 2011.... |
Nor Lípez Province, Potosí | 2,000,291 | INRA titling completed | Central Única Provincial de Comunidades Originarias de Nor Lípez | ||
| Jatun Ayllu-Juchuy Ayllu-Chaupi Ayllu Native Community Lands | Sur Lípez Province, Potosí | 1,557,532 | INRA titling completed | Jatun Ayllu, Juchuy Ayllu, Chaupi Ayllu indigenous communities | ||
| Enrique Baldivieso Native Community Lands | Enrique Baldivieso Province, Potosí | 227,003 | INRA titling completed | Central Única de la Provincia de Comunidades Originarias Enrique Baldivieso | ||