Neotropical parrot
Encyclopedia
The Neotropical parrots (tribe
Arini) belong to the family of the true parrots Psittacidae
. Several species and one of the 32 modern genera
have become extinct
in recent centuries. Though fairly few fossil
s of modern parrots are known, most of these are from Arini. They attest that modern genera were mostly distinct by the Pleistocene
, a few million years ago.
They consist of two main groups, easily recognized as short-tailed and long-tailed species.
Tribe (biology)
In biology, a tribe is a taxonomic rank between family and genus. It is sometimes subdivided into subtribes.Some examples include the tribes: Canini, Acalypheae, Hominini, Bombini, and Antidesmeae.-See also:* Biological classification* Rank...
Arini) belong to the family of the true parrots Psittacidae
True parrots
The true parrots are about 330 species of bird belonging to the Psittacidae family, one of the two "traditional" families in the biological order Psittaciformes . The other family is the Cacatuidae which are also parrots, but not classified as true parrots...
. Several species and one of the 32 modern genera
Genera
Genera is a commercial operating system and development environment for Lisp machines developed by Symbolics. It is essentially a fork of an earlier operating system originating on the MIT AI Lab's Lisp machines which Symbolics had used in common with LMI and Texas Instruments...
have become extinct
Extinction
In biology and ecology, extinction is the end of an organism or of a group of organisms , normally a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost before this point...
in recent centuries. Though fairly few fossil
Fossil
Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of animals , plants, and other organisms from the remote past...
s of modern parrots are known, most of these are from Arini. They attest that modern genera were mostly distinct by the Pleistocene
Pleistocene
The Pleistocene is the epoch from 2,588,000 to 11,700 years BP that spans the world's recent period of repeated glaciations. The name pleistocene is derived from the Greek and ....
, a few million years ago.
They consist of two main groups, easily recognized as short-tailed and long-tailed species.
List of genera
- AnodorhynchusAnodorhynchusAnodorhynchus is a genus of large blue macaws from open and semi-open habitats in central and eastern South America. Of the three species in the genus, two are endangered and one is probably already extinct. Additionally, a hypothetical extinct species has been postulated based on very little...
– blue macaws (2 living species, 1 probably recently extinct) - CyanopsittaSpix's MacawSpix's Macaw is the only member of the parrot genus Cyanopsitta. They are critically endangered, possibly extinct in the wild The species is conserved through several breeding programs. It was found in Brazil, in parts of the Brazilian state of Bahia...
– Spix's Macaw (extinct in the wild) - AraAra (genus)Ara is a Neotropical genus of macaws with eight extant species and at least two extinct species. The genus name was coined by French naturalist Bernard Germain de Lacépède in 1799. It gives its name to and is part of the Arini, or tribe of Neotropical parrots. The Ara macaws are large striking...
– true macaws (8 living species, and at least one recently extinct) - OrthopsittacaRed-bellied MacawThe Red-bellied Macaw, Orthopsittaca manilata, is a medium-sized, mainly green parrot. It is the only species of the genus Orthopsittaca, and it does not have any subspecies....
– Red-bellied Macaw - PrimoliusPrimoliusPrimolius is a genus of macaws comprising three species, which are native to South America. They are mainly green parrots with complex colouring including blues, reds and yellows. They have long tails, a large curved beak, and bare facial skin typical of macaws in general. They are less than...
– Primolius macaws (3 species, previously called Propyrrhura) - DiopsittacaRed-shouldered MacawThe Red-shouldered Macaw is the smallest macaw being 30–35 centimetres in length. It is a parrot native to the tropical lowlands, savannah, and swamplands of Venezuela, the Guianas, Bolivia, Brazil, and far south-eastern Peru...
– Red-shouldered Macaw - GuaroubaGolden ConureThe Golden Parakeet or Golden Conure, Guaruba guarouba, formerly classified as Aratinga guarouba, is a species of Neotropical parrot. Sometimes known as the Queen of Bavaria Conure, it is the only species in the genus Guaruba.Its plumage is mostly bright yellow, hence its common name, but it also...
– Golden Conure - ConuropsisCarolina ParakeetThe Carolina Parakeet was the only parrot species native to the eastern United States. It was found from the Ohio Valley to the Gulf of Mexico, and lived in old forests along rivers. It was the only species at the time classified in the genus Conuropsis...
– Carolina Parakeet (extinct) - AratingaAratingaAratinga is a genus of American parakeets. They belong to the long-tailed group and are among the genera often called conures in aviculture. Most are predominantly green, although a few are predominantly yellow or orange. They are social and commonly seen in groups in the wild...
(nearly 25 living species, at least one recently extinct) - RhynchopsittaThick-billed ParrotThe Thick-billed Parrot, Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha is an endangered, medium-sized, up to 38 cm long, bright green parrot with a large black bill and a red forecrown, shoulder and thighs...
– thick-billed parrots (2 species) - OgnorhynchusYellow-eared ParrotThe Yellow-eared Parrot , is an endangered parrot of tropical America. It is found in the western Andes in Colombia and Ecuador and is closely associated to the wax palm Ceroxylon sp. which is itself endangered.-Range and habitat:The Yellow-eared Parrot nests and lives among wax palms in a few...
– Yellow-eared Parrot - NandayusBlack-hooded ParakeetThe Nanday Parakeet is also known as the Black-hooded Parakeet or Nanday Conure. The bird is native to South America from southeast Bolivia to southwest Brazil, central Paraguay and northern Argentina, from the region known as the pantanal...
– Black-hooded or Nanday Parakeet/Conure - LeptosittacaGolden-plumed ParakeetThe Golden-plumed Parakeet is a Neotropical parrot species within the Psittacidae family, belonging to the monotypic genus Leptosittaca. This somewhat Aratinga-like species is found in humid temperate highland forests, especially with Podocarpus, on the east Andean slope in Colombia, Ecuador, and...
– Golden-plumed Parakeet - CyanoliseusBurrowing ParakeetThe Burrowing Parrot is a bird species in the parrot family. It belongs to the smaller long-tailed Arinae , and is also known as Patagonian Conure. The Burrowing Parrot belongs to the monotypic genus Cyanoliseus, but the species is not monotypic, having several subspecies.It is mainly found in...
– Burrowing Parrot - PyrrhuraPyrrhuraPyrrhura is a genus of parrots in the Arini tribe. They occur in tropical and subtropical South America and southern Central America . Most are restricted to humid forest and adjacent habitats, but one species, the Blaze-winged Parakeet, prefers deciduous or gallery woodland, and another, the...
(around two dozen species, one possibly recently extinct) - EnicognathusEnicognathusEnicognathus is a genus of parrot in the Psittacidae family.It contains the following species:* Slender-billed Parakeet * Austral Parakeet...
(2 species) - PionitesCaiqueThe Caiques are species of parrots in the genus Pionites. There are two main species, the White-bellied Parrot and the Black-headed Parrot . They are relatively small and stocky, with a short, square tail. Due to their very brght, pure colors they are considered among the more beautiful parrot...
– caiques (2 species) - DeroptyusRed-fan ParrotThe Red-fan Parrot , also known as the Hawk-headed Parrot, is an unusual New World parrot hailing from the Amazon Rainforest...
– Red-fan Parrot - BrotogerisBrotogerisBrotogeris is a genus of small parrots endemic to Central and South America. The closest relative is the Monk Parakeet. They eat seeds and fruit.-Taxonomy:List of species of the genus:* Plain Parakeet, Brotogeris tirica...
(8 species) - MyiopsittaMonk ParakeetThe Monk Parakeet, also known as the Quaker Parrot, is a species of parrot, in most treatments the only member of the genus Myiopsitta. It originates from the temperate to subtropical areas of Argentina and the surrounding countries in South America...
(1-2 species) - BolborhynchusBolborhynchusBolborhynchus is a genus of parrot in the Psittacidae family.It contains the following species:* Andean Parakeet, Bolborhynchus orbygnesius* Barred Parakeet, Bolborhynchus lineola* Rufous-fronted Parakeet Bolborhynchus ferrugineifrons...
(3 species) - PsilopsiagonPsilopsiagonPsilopsiagon is a genus of parrot in the Psittacidae family.It contains the following species:* Mountain Parakeet * Grey-hooded Parakeet...
(2 species, formerly in Bolborhynchus) - ForpusForpusForpus is a genus of parrot in the Psittacidae family.It contains the following species:* Mexican Parrotlet * Green-rumped Parrotlet * Blue-winged Parrotlet...
(7 species) - NannopsittacaNannopsittacaNannopsittaca is a genus of parrot in the Psittacidae family.It contains the following species:* Tepui Parrotlet * Manu Parrotlet...
(2 species) - TouitTouitTouit is a genus of Neotropical parrots in the Psittacidae family.It contains the following species:* Lilac-tailed Parrotlet, Touit batavicus* Scarlet-shouldered Parrotlet, Touit huetii...
(8 species) - TriclariaBlue-bellied ParrotThe Blue-bellied Parrot or Purple-bellied Parrot is the only species in its genus. It is generally considered endemic to the humid Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil, but there are two unconfirmed records from Misiones in Argentina. It occurs up to 1000 m. .It is a relatively long-tailed...
– Blue-bellied Parrot - AmazonaAmazon parrotAmazon parrot is the common name for a parrot of the genus Amazona. These are medium-size parrots native to the New World ranging from South America to Mexico and the Caribbean....
– amazon parrots (about 30 living species - one subspecies recently extinct) - PionusPionusPionus is a genus of medium-sized parrots native to Mexico, and Central and South America. Characteristic of the genus are the chunky body, bare eye ring , and short square tail. They are superficially similar to Amazon parrots, but smaller and in flight their wing-strokes are far deeper...
(7 or 8 species) - AlipiopsittaYellow-faced ParrotThe Yellow-faced Parrot , formerly also known as the Yellow-faced Amazon, is the only species of the genus Alipiopsitta. It is a Neotropical parrot , and was classified in the genus Amazona for many years. It is a predominantly green and yellow-plumaged bird with a yellow head...
– Yellow-faced Parrot (previously in Amazona, Salvatoria) - PionopsittaPileated ParrotThe Pileated Parrot , also known as the Red-capped Parrot , is a medium-small species of parrot with a total length of about 22 cm . It is found in or near Atlantic Forest in south-eastern Brazil, far north-eastern Argentina, and eastern Paraguay...
– Pileated Parrot - PyriliaPyriliaPyrilia is a genus of parrots in the family Psittacidae. It was recently split from the now-monotypic Pionopsitta, and then briefly moved to Gypopsitta. But as Pyrilia was published a few months before Gypopsitta, the latter is a junior synonym.All are relatively short-tailed parrots that are...
(7 species; all previously included in Pionopsitta). - HapalopsittacaHapalopsittacaHapalopsittaca is a genus of parrot in the Psittacidae family.It contains the following species:* Rusty-faced Parrot * Red-faced Parrot * Fuertes's Parrot...
(4 species) - GraydidascalusShort-tailed ParrotThe Short-tailed Parrot is the only species of the genus Graydidascalus. It is found along both banks of the Amazon river and other major Amazonian rivers in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru...
– Short-tailed Parrot