New Marston
Encyclopedia
New Marston is a suburb
about 1.25 miles (2 km) northeast of the centre of Oxford
, England
.
of Headington
. It was rural until the 19th century, when housing began to develop along Marston Road
from St. Clement's
towards the village of Marston
. New Marston seems to have received a mains water supply by the end of the 1870's and mains drainage by the 1920's.
New Marston's main development was in the 20th century, when the County Borough of Oxford developed estates
of council house
s around Marston Road and north of Headley Way. The County Borough
had built 138 council house
s at New Marston by 1938 and added another 70 after 1950.
opened a mission hall in New Marston in 1885. This was replaced by a new building opened in 1939. It is now Marston United Reformed Church
.
In 1919 the Church of England parish
of St. Nicholas, Marston opened a mission hall in Ferry Road to serve the parts of New Marston that had been built by that time. Somewhat later a campanile
was added, its style and sand-lime brick suggesting that it is the work of the then Oxford Diocesan
Architect T. Lawrence Dale
.
In 1954-56 Saint Michael
and All Angels parish church
was built on Marston Road at the corner of Jack Straw's Lane as a chapel of ease
for the parish of St. Andrew, Headington
. St Michael's was consecrated in September 1955 and superseded the Ferry Road mission hall, which was then deconsecrated
and sold for secular use. In 1963 the Diocese of Oxford
constituted St. Michael's as a parish church, with its new parish formed from parts of Headington, Marston and St. Clement's parishes.
St. Michael's was designed by T.L. Dale in a "vaguely Italian renaissance style" that includes a slender campanile
for its single bell. It has a statue of St. Michael by Michael Groser and a reredos
painted by Leon Underwood
. St. Michael's is unusual for its elliptical
windows and for its tall, box-like chancel
.
The Russian Orthodox Diocese of Sourozh
established the parish of Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker
in Oxford in 2006. The congregation worshipped in rented premises until 2010, when it acquired the former Church of England mission hall in Ferry Road and restored it to use as a church. The Russian congregation has added a small onion dome
and a small mosaic picture of St Nicholas to the south gable of the building.
Primary School in 1955.
Milham Ford School
, a girls' secondary school that had been founded in Cowley Place in 1906, moved to newly built and larger premises in Marston Road in 1939. The school was closed in 2003 and its premises sold to Oxford Brookes University
.
Infant and junior mixed schools were opened in Copse Lane north of Headley Way in 1948. They are now New Marston Primary School.
Suburb
The word suburb mostly refers to a residential area, either existing as part of a city or as a separate residential community within commuting distance of a city . Some suburbs have a degree of administrative autonomy, and most have lower population density than inner city neighborhoods...
about 1.25 miles (2 km) northeast of the centre of Oxford
Oxford
The city of Oxford is the county town of Oxfordshire, England. The city, made prominent by its medieval university, has a population of just under 165,000, with 153,900 living within the district boundary. It lies about 50 miles north-west of London. The rivers Cherwell and Thames run through...
, England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
.
History
New Marston is built on land that was originally part of the manorManorialism
Manorialism, an essential element of feudal society, was the organizing principle of rural economy that originated in the villa system of the Late Roman Empire, was widely practiced in medieval western and parts of central Europe, and was slowly replaced by the advent of a money-based market...
of Headington
Headington
Headington is a suburb of Oxford, England. It is at the top of Headington Hill overlooking the city in the Thames Valley below. The life of the large residential area is centred upon London Road, the main road between London and Oxford.-History:...
. It was rural until the 19th century, when housing began to develop along Marston Road
Marston Road
Marston Road is a road in the east of Oxford, England. It links the junction of St Clements and the foot of Headington Hill to the south with the suburb of New Marston to the north. This is a mini-roundabout connecting with Cherwell Drive and Headley Way at the northern end. To the north is the ...
from St. Clement's
St Clement's, Oxford
St Clement's is a district in Oxford, England, on the east bank of the River Cherwell. Its main road, St Clement's Street , links The Plain near Magdalen Bridge with London Place at the foot of Headington Hill at the junction with Marston Road to the north...
towards the village of Marston
Marston, Oxford
Marston is a village and civil parish about northeast of the centre of Oxford, England. It was absorbed within the city boundaries in 1991. It is commonly called Old Marston to distinguish it from the suburb of New Marston that developed between St. Clement's and the village in the 19th and 20th...
. New Marston seems to have received a mains water supply by the end of the 1870's and mains drainage by the 1920's.
New Marston's main development was in the 20th century, when the County Borough of Oxford developed estates
Housing estate
A housing estate is a group of buildings built together as a single development. The exact form may vary from country to country. Accordingly, a housing estate is usually built by a single contractor, with only a few styles of house or building design, so they tend to be uniform in appearance...
of council house
Council house
A council house, otherwise known as a local authority house, is a form of public or social housing. The term is used primarily in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. Council houses were built and operated by local councils to supply uncrowded, well-built homes on secure tenancies at...
s around Marston Road and north of Headley Way. The County Borough
County borough
County borough is a term introduced in 1889 in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland , to refer to a borough or a city independent of county council control. They were abolished by the Local Government Act 1972 in England and Wales, but continue in use for lieutenancy and shrievalty in...
had built 138 council house
Council house
A council house, otherwise known as a local authority house, is a form of public or social housing. The term is used primarily in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. Council houses were built and operated by local councils to supply uncrowded, well-built homes on secure tenancies at...
s at New Marston by 1938 and added another 70 after 1950.
Churches
Cowley Road Congregational ChurchUnited Reformed Church
The United Reformed Church is a Christian church in the United Kingdom. It has approximately 68,000 members in 1,500 congregations with some 700 ministers.-Origins and history:...
opened a mission hall in New Marston in 1885. This was replaced by a new building opened in 1939. It is now Marston United Reformed Church
United Reformed Church
The United Reformed Church is a Christian church in the United Kingdom. It has approximately 68,000 members in 1,500 congregations with some 700 ministers.-Origins and history:...
.
In 1919 the Church of England parish
Church of England parish church
A parish church in the Church of England is the church which acts as the religious centre for the people within the smallest and most basic Church of England administrative region, known as a parish.-Parishes in England:...
of St. Nicholas, Marston opened a mission hall in Ferry Road to serve the parts of New Marston that had been built by that time. Somewhat later a campanile
Campanile
Campanile is an Italian word meaning "bell tower" . The term applies to bell towers which are either part of a larger building or free-standing, although in American English, the latter meaning has become prevalent.The most famous campanile is probably the Leaning Tower of Pisa...
was added, its style and sand-lime brick suggesting that it is the work of the then Oxford Diocesan
Diocese of Oxford
-History:The Diocese of Oxford was created in 1541 out of part of the Diocese of Lincoln.In 1836 the Archdeaconry of Berkshire was transferred from the Diocese of Salisbury to Oxford...
Architect T. Lawrence Dale
T. Lawrence Dale
Thomas Lawrence Dale, FRIBA, FSA was an English architect. Until the First World War he concentrated on designing houses for private clients...
.
In 1954-56 Saint Michael
Michael (archangel)
Michael , Micha'el or Mîkhā'ēl; , Mikhaḗl; or Míchaël; , Mīkhā'īl) is an archangel in Jewish, Christian, and Islamic teachings. Roman Catholics, Anglicans, and Lutherans refer to him as Saint Michael the Archangel and also simply as Saint Michael...
and All Angels parish church
Church of England parish church
A parish church in the Church of England is the church which acts as the religious centre for the people within the smallest and most basic Church of England administrative region, known as a parish.-Parishes in England:...
was built on Marston Road at the corner of Jack Straw's Lane as a chapel of ease
Chapel of ease
A chapel of ease is a church building other than the parish church, built within the bounds of a parish for the attendance of those who cannot reach the parish church conveniently....
for the parish of St. Andrew, Headington
Headington
Headington is a suburb of Oxford, England. It is at the top of Headington Hill overlooking the city in the Thames Valley below. The life of the large residential area is centred upon London Road, the main road between London and Oxford.-History:...
. St Michael's was consecrated in September 1955 and superseded the Ferry Road mission hall, which was then deconsecrated
Deconsecration
Deconsecration is the act of removing a religious blessing from something that had been previously consecrated by a minister or priest of that religion. The same act when performed by a member of a differing religion may be considered a curse by some religions and not a complete removal of the...
and sold for secular use. In 1963 the Diocese of Oxford
Diocese of Oxford
-History:The Diocese of Oxford was created in 1541 out of part of the Diocese of Lincoln.In 1836 the Archdeaconry of Berkshire was transferred from the Diocese of Salisbury to Oxford...
constituted St. Michael's as a parish church, with its new parish formed from parts of Headington, Marston and St. Clement's parishes.
St. Michael's was designed by T.L. Dale in a "vaguely Italian renaissance style" that includes a slender campanile
Campanile
Campanile is an Italian word meaning "bell tower" . The term applies to bell towers which are either part of a larger building or free-standing, although in American English, the latter meaning has become prevalent.The most famous campanile is probably the Leaning Tower of Pisa...
for its single bell. It has a statue of St. Michael by Michael Groser and a reredos
Reredos
thumb|300px|right|An altar and reredos from [[St. Josaphat's Roman Catholic Church|St. Josaphat Catholic Church]] in [[Detroit]], [[Michigan]]. This would be called a [[retable]] in many other languages and countries....
painted by Leon Underwood
Leon Underwood
Leon Underwood "The precursor of modern sculpture in Britain" was a noted British sculptor, painter, draughtsman and engraver as well as a writer and illustrator, scholar, teacher, philosopher and stained glass and furniture craftsman...
. St. Michael's is unusual for its elliptical
Ellipse
In geometry, an ellipse is a plane curve that results from the intersection of a cone by a plane in a way that produces a closed curve. Circles are special cases of ellipses, obtained when the cutting plane is orthogonal to the cone's axis...
windows and for its tall, box-like chancel
Chancel
In church architecture, the chancel is the space around the altar in the sanctuary at the liturgical east end of a traditional Christian church building...
.
The Russian Orthodox Diocese of Sourozh
Russian Orthodox Diocese of Sourozh
The Russian Orthodox Diocese of Sourozh is a diocese of the Russian Orthodox Church which has for its territory the islands of Great Britain and Ireland. Its name is taken from an ancient see in the Crimea that no longer has a bishop...
established the parish of Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker
Saint Nicholas
Saint Nicholas , also called Nikolaos of Myra, was a historic 4th-century saint and Greek Bishop of Myra . Because of the many miracles attributed to his intercession, he is also known as Nikolaos the Wonderworker...
in Oxford in 2006. The congregation worshipped in rented premises until 2010, when it acquired the former Church of England mission hall in Ferry Road and restored it to use as a church. The Russian congregation has added a small onion dome
Onion dome
An onion dome is a dome whose shape resembles the onion, after which they are named. Such domes are often larger in diameter than the drum upon which they are set, and their height usually exceeds their width...
and a small mosaic picture of St Nicholas to the south gable of the building.
Schools
New Marston Church of England School in Marston Road opened in 1928 and became St Michael's Church of England AidedVoluntary aided school
A voluntary aided school is a state-funded school in England and Wales in which a foundation or trust owns the school buildings, contributes to building costs and has a substantial influence in the running of the school...
Primary School in 1955.
Milham Ford School
Milham Ford School
Milham Ford School was a girl's secondary school in Oxford, England.The school was established in 1906 close to Magdalen College School in Cowley Place...
, a girls' secondary school that had been founded in Cowley Place in 1906, moved to newly built and larger premises in Marston Road in 1939. The school was closed in 2003 and its premises sold to Oxford Brookes University
Oxford Brookes University
Oxford Brookes University is a new university in Oxford, England. It was named to honour the school's founding principal, John Brookes. It has been ranked as the best new university by the Sunday Times University Guide 10 years in a row...
.
Infant and junior mixed schools were opened in Copse Lane north of Headley Way in 1948. They are now New Marston Primary School.