New World warbler
Encyclopedia
The New World warblers or wood-warblers are a group of small, often colorful, passerine
bird
s restricted to the New World
. They are not related to the Old World warbler
s (Sylviidae) or the Australian warblers.
Most are arboreal, but some, like the Ovenbird
and the two waterthrushes, are more terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivore
s.
It is likely that this group originated in northern Central America
, which remains with the greatest diversity and numbers of species. From thence they spread north during the interglacial periods, mainly as migrants
, returning to the ancestral region in winter. Two genera, Myioborus and Basileuterus
seem to have colonised South America
early, perhaps before the two continents were linked, and provide most warbler species of that region.
Many migratory species, particularly those breeding further north, have distinctive male plumage at least in the breeding season, since males need to reclaim territory and advertise for mates each year. This tendency is particularly marked in the large genus Dendroica
. In contrast, resident tropical species, which pair for life, show little if any sexual dimorphism
.
There are of course exceptions. The Parkesia
waterthrushes and Ovenbird
are strongly migratory, but have identical male and female plumage, whereas the mainly tropical and sedentary yellowthroat
s are dimorphic.
The Granatellus
chats also show sexual dimorphism, but due to recent genetic work have been moved into the family Cardinalidae (New World buntings and cardinals).
All the warblers are fairly small. The smallest species is the Lucy's Warbler
(Oreothlypis luciae), at about 6.5 grams and 10.6 cm (4.2 in). The largest species depends upon the true taxonomy of the family. Traditionally, it was listed as Yellow-breasted Chat
, at 18.2 cm (7.2 in). Since this may not be parulid, the Parkesia
waterthrushes, the Ovenbird
, the Russet-crowned Warbler
and Semper's Warbler
, all of which can exceed 15 cm (6 in) and 21 grams, could be considered the largest.
The migratory species tend to lay larger clutches of eggs, typically up to six, since the hazards of their journeys mean that many individuals will have only one chance to breed. In contrast, two eggs is typical for many tropical species, since the chicks can be provided with better care, and the adults are likely to have further opportunities for reproduction.
The scientific name for the family, Parulidae, originates from the fact that Linnaeus
in 1758 named the Northern Parula as a tit
, Parus americanus, and, as taxonomy developed, the genus name was modified first to Parulus and then the current Parula
. The family name, of course, derives from that genus.
Passerine
A passerine is a bird of the order Passeriformes, which includes more than half of all bird species. Sometimes known as perching birds or, less accurately, as songbirds, the passerines form one of the most diverse terrestrial vertebrate orders: with over 5,000 identified species, it has roughly...
bird
Bird
Birds are feathered, winged, bipedal, endothermic , egg-laying, vertebrate animals. Around 10,000 living species and 188 families makes them the most speciose class of tetrapod vertebrates. They inhabit ecosystems across the globe, from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Extant birds range in size from...
s restricted to the New World
New World
The New World is one of the names used for the Western Hemisphere, specifically America and sometimes Oceania . The term originated in the late 15th century, when America had been recently discovered by European explorers, expanding the geographical horizon of the people of the European middle...
. They are not related to the Old World warbler
Old World warbler
The "Old World Warblers" is the name used to describe a large group of birds formerly grouped together in the bird family Sylviidae. The family held over 400 species in over 70 genera, and were the source of much taxonomic confusion. Two families were split out initially, the cisticolas into...
s (Sylviidae) or the Australian warblers.
Most are arboreal, but some, like the Ovenbird
Ovenbird
The Ovenbird is a small songbird of the New World warbler family . This migratory bird breeds in eastern North America and moves south in winter.-Taxonomy:...
and the two waterthrushes, are more terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivore
Insectivore
An insectivore is a type of carnivore with a diet that consists chiefly of insects and similar small creatures. An alternate term is entomophage, which also refers to the human practice of eating insects....
s.
It is likely that this group originated in northern Central America
Central America
Central America is the central geographic region of the Americas. It is the southernmost, isthmian portion of the North American continent, which connects with South America on the southeast. When considered part of the unified continental model, it is considered a subcontinent...
, which remains with the greatest diversity and numbers of species. From thence they spread north during the interglacial periods, mainly as migrants
Bird migration
Bird migration is the regular seasonal journey undertaken by many species of birds. Bird movements include those made in response to changes in food availability, habitat or weather. Sometimes, journeys are not termed "true migration" because they are irregular or in only one direction...
, returning to the ancestral region in winter. Two genera, Myioborus and Basileuterus
Basileuterus
Basileuterus is a genus of New World warblers, best represented in Central and South America. This is one of only two warbler genera that are well represented in the latter continent...
seem to have colonised South America
South America
South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. The continent is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east...
early, perhaps before the two continents were linked, and provide most warbler species of that region.
Many migratory species, particularly those breeding further north, have distinctive male plumage at least in the breeding season, since males need to reclaim territory and advertise for mates each year. This tendency is particularly marked in the large genus Dendroica
Dendroica
Dendroica is a genus of birds of the New World Warbler family Parulidae. It contains 29 species. The males in breeding plumage are often highly colorful...
. In contrast, resident tropical species, which pair for life, show little if any sexual dimorphism
Sexual dimorphism
Sexual dimorphism is a phenotypic difference between males and females of the same species. Examples of such differences include differences in morphology, ornamentation, and behavior.-Examples:-Ornamentation / coloration:...
.
There are of course exceptions. The Parkesia
Parkesia
The waterthrushes are a genus of New World warbler, Parkesia. The genus was split from Seiurus, which contained the waterthrushes and the Ovenbird. When the genera split, the Ovenbird was the only member of this genus left, and now Seiurus is monotypic.-Species:* Northern Waterthrush, Parkesia...
waterthrushes and Ovenbird
Ovenbird
The Ovenbird is a small songbird of the New World warbler family . This migratory bird breeds in eastern North America and moves south in winter.-Taxonomy:...
are strongly migratory, but have identical male and female plumage, whereas the mainly tropical and sedentary yellowthroat
Yellowthroat
The yellowthroats are New World warblers in the genus Geothlypis. Most members of the group have localised ranges in Mexico and Central America, but the Masked Yellowthroat has an extensive South American distribution, and Common Yellowthroat, the only migratory species in the group, breeds over...
s are dimorphic.
The Granatellus
Granatellus
Granatellus is a genus of bird previously placed in the family Parulidae, although biochemical evidence suggests it belongs in Cardinalidae., a move followed by the American Ornithologists' Union in 2009.-Species:...
chats also show sexual dimorphism, but due to recent genetic work have been moved into the family Cardinalidae (New World buntings and cardinals).
All the warblers are fairly small. The smallest species is the Lucy's Warbler
Lucy's Warbler
Lucy's Warbler, Oreothlypis luciae, is the smallest New World warbler found in North America, measuring a mere 4.25 inches in length....
(Oreothlypis luciae), at about 6.5 grams and 10.6 cm (4.2 in). The largest species depends upon the true taxonomy of the family. Traditionally, it was listed as Yellow-breasted Chat
Yellow-breasted Chat
The Yellow-breasted Chat is a large songbird, formerly considered the most atypical member of the New World warbler family, though the long-standing suspicion is that it does not actually belong there. Its placement is not definitely resolved. It is the only member of the genus Icteria...
, at 18.2 cm (7.2 in). Since this may not be parulid, the Parkesia
Parkesia
The waterthrushes are a genus of New World warbler, Parkesia. The genus was split from Seiurus, which contained the waterthrushes and the Ovenbird. When the genera split, the Ovenbird was the only member of this genus left, and now Seiurus is monotypic.-Species:* Northern Waterthrush, Parkesia...
waterthrushes, the Ovenbird
Ovenbird
The Ovenbird is a small songbird of the New World warbler family . This migratory bird breeds in eastern North America and moves south in winter.-Taxonomy:...
, the Russet-crowned Warbler
Russet-crowned Warbler
The Russet-crowned Warbler is a species of bird in the Parulidae family.It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela....
and Semper's Warbler
Semper's Warbler
The Semper's Warbler is an extremely rare or possibly extinct New World Warbler which is endemic to Saint Lucia, part of the Lesser Antilles.-Description:...
, all of which can exceed 15 cm (6 in) and 21 grams, could be considered the largest.
The migratory species tend to lay larger clutches of eggs, typically up to six, since the hazards of their journeys mean that many individuals will have only one chance to breed. In contrast, two eggs is typical for many tropical species, since the chicks can be provided with better care, and the adults are likely to have further opportunities for reproduction.
The scientific name for the family, Parulidae, originates from the fact that Linnaeus
Carolus Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus , also known after his ennoblement as , was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern taxonomy, and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology...
in 1758 named the Northern Parula as a tit
Titmouse
The tits, chickadees, and titmice constitute Paridae, a large family of small passerine birds which occur in the northern hemisphere and Africa...
, Parus americanus, and, as taxonomy developed, the genus name was modified first to Parulus and then the current Parula
Parula
Parula is a small genus of New World warblers which breed in North and South America.In 1758, Linnaeus classified the Northern Parula as a tit, Parus americanus, and as taxonomy developed the genus name was modified first to Parulus and then the current form...
. The family name, of course, derives from that genus.
Systematics
There are a number of issues in the taxonomy and systematics of the Parulidae.- The New World warblers are closely related to the tanagerTanagerThe tanagers comprise the bird family Thraupidae, in the order Passeriformes. The family has an American distribution.There were traditionally about 240 species of tanagers, but the taxonomic treatment of this family's members is currently in a state of flux...
s, and some species like the conebills Conirostrum and the BananaquitBananaquitThe Bananaquit is a species of passerine bird of uncertain relation. It is tentatively placed in the tanager family, but classified as incertae sedis by other authorities such as the American Ornithologists' Union. Its classification is debated, and it is often placed in its own family: Coerebidae...
have been placed into either group by different authorities. Currently, the conebills are normally placed in Thraupidae and the Bananaquit in its own family. - Green-tailed WarblerGreen-tailed WarblerThe Green-tailed Warbler , also known as the Green-tailed Ground Warbler, is a species of songbird endemic to the island of Hispaniola and adjacent islets....
, Yellow-breasted ChatYellow-breasted ChatThe Yellow-breasted Chat is a large songbird, formerly considered the most atypical member of the New World warbler family, though the long-standing suspicion is that it does not actually belong there. Its placement is not definitely resolved. It is the only member of the genus Icteria...
, and White-winged WarblerWhite-winged WarblerThe White-winged Warbler , also called Hispaniolan Highland-tanager, is a species of bird formerly classified in the Parulidae family. It is the only member of the genus Xenoligea, and is found solely in the Dominican Republic and Haiti, which share the island of Hispaniola.The bird is...
are other species where there have been questions as to whether they should be considered as warblers or tanagers. - The ParduscoParduscoThe Pardusco is a species of tanager that is endemic to woodland near the timberline in the Andes of central Peru. It is monotypic within the genus Nephelornis. This small olive-brown bird is typically seen in groups, which sometimes join mixed species flocks...
, Nephelornis oneilli is also of uncertain affinities
Genera and species
- Genus Vermivora
- Bachman's WarblerBachman's WarblerThe Bachman's Warbler, Vermivora bachmanii, is a small passerine bird that inhabits the swamps and lowland forests of the southeast United States. This warbler is a migrant, wintering in Cuba. The Bachman’s Warbler is small for a warbler and is unique for its thin and decurved bill. It has strong...
, Vermivora bachmanii - Blue-winged WarblerBlue-winged WarblerThe Blue-winged Warbler, Vermivora cyanoptera, is a fairly common New World warbler, 11.5 cm long and weighing 8.5 g. It breeds in eastern North America in southern Ontario and the eastern USA. Its range is extending northwards, where it is replacing the very closely related...
, Vermivora cyanoptera - Golden-winged WarblerGolden-winged WarblerThe Golden-winged Warbler, Vermivora chrysoptera, is a New World warbler, 11.6 cm long and weighing 8.5 g. It breeds in eastern North America, southeastern Canada and the eastern USA...
, Vermivora chrysoptera
- Bachman's Warbler
- Genus Oreothlypis
- Tennessee WarblerTennessee WarblerThe Tennessee Warbler, Oreothlypis peregrina, is a New World warbler. It breeds in northern North America across Canada and the northern USA. It is migratory, wintering in southern Central America and northern Colombia and Venezuela, with a few stragglers going as far south as Ecuador. It is a...
, Oreothlypis peregrina - Orange-crowned WarblerOrange-crowned WarblerThe Orange-crowned Warbler is a small songbird of the New World warbler family.These birds are distinguished by their lack of wing bars, streaking on the underparts, strong face marking or bright colouring, resembling a fall Tennessee Warbler. The orange patch on the crown is usually not visible...
, Oreothlypis celata - Nashville WarblerNashville WarblerThe Nashville Warbler, Vermivora ruficapilla, is a small songbird in the New World warbler family.They have olive-brown upperparts, a white belly and a yellow throat and breast; they have a white eye ring, no wing bars and a thin pointed bill. Adult males have a grey head with a rusty crown patch ;...
, Oreothlypis ruficapilla - Virginia's WarblerVirginia's WarblerVirginia's Warbler is a species of New World warbler.Despite what its name may suggest, Virginia's warbler is not actually named after the American State of Virginia, which makes sense as the birds range only reaches as far east as the state of Texas...
, Oreothlypis virginiae - Colima WarblerColima WarblerThe Colima Warbler, Oreothlypis crissalis, is a New World warbler. It is mainly found in the Sierra Madre Occidental of central Mexico, though its range just barely extends into adjacent southwestern Texas in the Chisos Mountains of Big Bend National Park....
, Oreothlypis crissalis - Lucy's WarblerLucy's WarblerLucy's Warbler, Oreothlypis luciae, is the smallest New World warbler found in North America, measuring a mere 4.25 inches in length....
, Oreothlypis luciae - Flame-throated WarblerFlame-throated WarblerThe Flame-throated Warbler, Oreothlypis gutturalis, is a small New World warbler. It is sometimes placed in the genus Vermivora.-Life history:...
, Oreothlypis gutturalis - Crescent-chested WarblerCrescent-chested WarblerThe Crescent-chested Warbler is a small New World Warbler. It is generally uncommon in its native range of central Mexico, and accidental elsewhere....
, Oreothlypis superciliosa
- Tennessee Warbler
- Genus Parula
- Northern ParulaNorthern ParulaThe Northern Parula, Parula americana, is a small New World warbler. It breeds in eastern North America from southern Canada to Florida....
, Parula americana - Tropical ParulaTropical ParulaThe Tropical Parula is a small New World warbler. It breeds from southernmost Texas and northwest Mexico south through Central America to northern Argentina, including Trinidad and Tobago. This widespread and common species is not considered threatened by the IUCN.This passerine is not migratory,...
, Parula pitiayumi
- Northern Parula
- Genus Dendroica
- Yellow WarblerYellow WarblerDendroica petechia is a New World warbler species or superspecies; the subspecies group around D. aestiva is increasingly treated as good species Dendroica aestiva again. The name for the entire cryptic species complex is Mangrove Warbler, and another group of subspecies is known as Golden Warbler...
, Dendroica petechia - Chestnut-sided WarblerChestnut-sided WarblerThe Chestnut-sided Warbler is a New World warbler. They breed in eastern North America and in southern Canada westwards to the Canadian Prairies...
, Dendroica pensylvanica - Magnolia WarblerMagnolia WarblerSetophaga magnolia, commonly known as the Magnolia warbler, is a member of the Parulidae family of wood warblers. [4] This warbler was first discovered in magnolia trees in the 19th century by famed ornithologist Alexander Wilson while in Mississippi. [7]-Description:The magnolia warbler can be...
, Dendroica magnolia - Cape May WarblerCape May WarblerThe Cape May Warbler, Dendroica tigrina, is a small New World warbler. It breeds in northern North America. Its breeding habitat spans across all but the westernmost parts of southern Canada, and into the Great Lakes region and New England. It is migratory, wintering in the West Indies...
, Dendroica tigrina - Black-throated Blue WarblerBlack-throated Blue WarblerThe Black-throated Blue Warbler, Setophaga caerulescens, is a small songbird of the New World warbler family.Adult males have white underparts with black throat, face and flanks; the upperparts are deep blue; immature males are similar with upperparts more greenish...
, Dendroica caerulescens - Yellow-rumped WarblerYellow-rumped WarblerFour closely related North American bird forms—the eastern Myrtle Warbler , its western counterpart, Audubon's Warbler , the northwest Mexican Black-fronted Warbler , and the Guatemalan Goldman's Warbler —are periodically lumped as the Yellow-rumped Warbler .-Classification:Since...
, Dendroica coronata - Black-throated Gray WarblerBlack-throated Gray WarblerThe Black-throated Gray Warbler is a songbird of the New World warbler family. It is 13 cm long and has black, grey, and white plumage. It breeds in western North America from British Columbia to New Mexico, and winters in Mexico and the southwestern United States...
, Dendroica nigrescens - Golden-cheeked WarblerGolden-cheeked WarblerThe Golden-cheeked Warbler Dendroica chrysoparia is an endangered species of bird that breeds in Central Texas, from Palo Pinto County southwestward along the eastern and southern edge of the Edwards Plateau to Kinney County...
, Dendroica chrysoparia - Black-throated Green WarblerBlack-throated Green WarblerThe Black-throated Green Warbler, Setophaga virens, is a small songbird of the New World warbler family.It is 12 cm long and weighs 9 g, and has an olive-green crown, a yellow face with olive markings, a thin pointed bill, white wing bars, an olive-green back and pale underparts with...
, Dendroica virens - Townsend's WarblerTownsend's WarblerThe Townsend's Warbler, Dendroica townsendi, is a small songbird of the New World warbler family.These birds have a yellow face with a black stripe across their cheeks, a thin pointed bill, white wing bars, olive upperparts with black streaks on their backs and flanks, and a white belly...
, Dendroica townsendi - Hermit WarblerHermit WarblerThe Hermit Warbler, Dendroica occidentalis, is a small perching bird. It is a species of New World warbler.Mature Hermit Warblers normally grow to be 4½ to 5 inches long. Hermit Warblers are dark gray in coloration on top, and white below, and their flanks are streaked with black. The wings...
, Dendroica occidentalis - Blackburnian WarblerBlackburnian WarblerThe Blackburnian Warbler, Dendroica fusca , is a small New World warbler. They breed in eastern North America, from southern Canada, westwards to the southern Canadian Prairies, the Great Lakes region and New England, to North Carolina....
, Dendroica fusca - Yellow-throated WarblerYellow-throated WarblerThe Yellow-throated Warbler, Dendroica dominica, is a small migratory songbird species breeding in temperate North America. It belongs to the New World warbler family .-Description:...
, Dendroica dominica - Bahama WarblerBahama WarblerThe Bahama Warbler is a species of bird in the Parulidae family. It is endemic to The Bahamas.The taxon was formerly lumped with the Yellow-throated Warbler , until the Bahama Warbler was elevated to full species in 2011.Its natural habitat is pine forest on Grand Bahama, Little Abaco and Great...
, Dendroica flavescens - Olive-capped WarblerOlive-capped WarblerThe Olive-capped Warbler is a species of New World warbler that is native to the western and eastern ends of Cuba as well as Grand Bahama and the Abaco Islands in the Bahamas. Its natural habitat is pine forests and occasionally adjacent mixed forests.-External links:...
, Dendroica pityophila - Grace's WarblerGrace's WarblerGrace's Warbler, Dendroica graciae, is a small perching bird and a species of New World warbler.Grace's Warbler was discovered by Dr. Elliott Coues in the Rocky Mountains in 1864...
, Dendroica graciae - Adelaide's WarblerAdelaide's WarblerAdelaide's Warbler is a bird endemic to the archipelago of Puerto Rico belonging to the Dendroica genus of the Parulidae family. The species is named after Adelaide Swift, daughter of Robert Swift, the person who captured the first specimen.-Description:Dendroica adelaidae was originally...
, Dendroica adelaidae - Barbuda WarblerBarbuda WarblerThe Barbuda Warbler is a species of bird in the Parulidae family. It is endemic to the island of Barbuda in Antigua and Barbuda. Its natural habitat is tropical dry shrubland near wetland areas. It is threatened by habitat loss....
, Dendroica subita - St. Lucia Warbler, Dendroica delicata
- Pine WarblerPine WarblerThe Pine Warbler, Dendroica pinus, is a small songbird of the New World warbler family.These birds have white bellies, white wing bars, dark legs and thin, relatively long pointed bills; they have yellowish lines over their eyes. Adult males have olive upperparts and bright yellow throats and...
, Dendroica pinus - Kirtland's WarblerKirtland's WarblerKirtland's Warbler is a small songbird of the New World warbler family , named after Jared P. Kirtland, an Ohio doctor and amateur naturalist. Nearly extinct just 50 years ago, it is well on its way to recovery. It requires large areas of dense young jack pine for its breeding habitat...
, Dendroica kirtlandii - Prairie WarblerPrairie WarblerThe Prairie Warbler, Dendroica discolor, is a small songbird of the New World warbler family.These birds have yellow underparts with dark streaks on the flanks, and olive upperparts with rusty streaks on the back; they have a yellow line above the eye, a dark line through it, and a yellow spot...
, Dendroica discolor - Vitelline WarblerVitelline WarblerThe Vitelline Warbler is a songbird species in the New World warbler family .It is found in the Cayman Islands and on the Swan Islands in Honduras. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, and urban areas...
, Dendroica vitellina - Palm WarblerPalm WarblerThe Palm Warbler, Dendroica palmarum, is a small songbird of the New World warbler family.The species comprises two distinct subspecies that may merit specific status....
, Dendroica palmarum - Bay-breasted WarblerBay-breasted WarblerThe Bay-breasted Warbler, Dendroica castanea , is a New World warbler. They breed in northern North America, specifically in Canada, into the Great Lakes region, and into northern New England....
, Dendroica castanea - Blackpoll WarblerBlackpoll WarblerThe Blackpoll Warbler, Dendroica striata , is a New World warbler. Breeding males are mostly black and white. They have a prominent black cap, white cheeks and white wing bars. The Blackpoll breeds in northern North America, from Alaska, through most of Canada, and into the Great Lakes region and...
, Dendroica striata - Cerulean WarblerCerulean WarblerThe Cerulean Warbler, Dendroica cerulea, is a small songbird of the New World warbler family.-Description:Adult males have pale cerulean blue upperparts and white underparts with a black necklace across the breast; they also have black streaks on the back and flanks...
, Dendroica cerulea - Plumbeous WarblerPlumbeous WarblerThe Plumbeous Warbler is a species of bird in the Parulidae family.It is found only in Dominica and Guadeloupe.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests....
, Dendroica plumbea - Arrow-headed Warbler, Dendroica pharetra
- Elfin-woods WarblerElfin-woods WarblerThe Elfin-woods Warbler , or Reinita de Bosque Enano , is a bird endemic to the Caribbean island of Puerto Rico where it is a local and uncommon species. Discovered in 1968 and described in 1972, it is the most recently described species of New World warbler...
, Dendroica angelae
- Yellow Warbler
- Genus Catharopeza
- Whistling WarblerWhistling WarblerThe Whistling Warbler is a species of bird in the New World warbler family. It is monotypic within the genus Catharopeza. It is endemic to the island of Saint Vincent in the Lesser Antilles. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests and subtropical or tropical moist...
, Catharopeza bishopi
- Whistling Warbler
- Genus Mniotilta
- Black-and-white WarblerBlack-and-white WarblerThe Black-and-white Warbler is a small New World warbler. It breeds in northern and eastern North America from southern Canada to Florida....
, Mniotilta varia
- Black-and-white Warbler
- Genus Setophaga
- American RedstartAmerican RedstartThe American Redstart is a New World warbler. It is the only member of its genus and is unrelated to the Old World redstarts. It derives its name from the male's red tail, start being an old word for tail.-Description:...
, Setophaga ruticilla
- American Redstart
- Genus Protonotaria
- Prothonotary WarblerProthonotary WarblerThe Prothonotary Warbler is a small songbird of the New World warbler family. It is the only member of the genus Protonotaria....
, Protonotaria citrea
- Prothonotary Warbler
- Genus Helmitheros
- Worm-eating WarblerWorm-eating WarblerThe Worm-eating Warbler is a small New World warbler. It is the only species classified in the genus Helmitheros....
, Helmitheros vermivorus
- Worm-eating Warbler
- Genus Limnothlypis
- Swainson's WarblerSwainson's WarblerSwainson's Warbler, Limnothlypis swainsonii, is a small species of New World warbler. It is monotypic, the only member of the genus Limnothlypis.-Description:...
, Limnothlypis swainsonii
- Swainson's Warbler
- Genus Seiurus
- OvenbirdOvenbirdThe Ovenbird is a small songbird of the New World warbler family . This migratory bird breeds in eastern North America and moves south in winter.-Taxonomy:...
, Seiurus aurocapillus
- Ovenbird
- Genus Parkesia
- Northern WaterthrushNorthern WaterthrushThe Northern Waterthrush is one of the larger New World warblers. It breeds in the northern part of North America in Canada, and in the northern United States, . This bird is migratory, wintering in Central America, the West Indies, and Florida; also Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador...
, Parkesia noveboracensis - Louisiana WaterthrushLouisiana WaterthrushThe Louisiana Waterthrush is a New World warbler. It breeds in eastern North America from southernmost Canada and south through the eastern USA, excluding Florida and the coast....
, Parkesia motacilla
- Northern Waterthrush
- Genus Oporornis
- Kentucky WarblerKentucky WarblerThe Kentucky Warbler, Oporornis formosus, is a small species of New World warbler. The Kentucky Warbler, like all members of the genus Oporornis, is a sluggish and heavy warbler with a short tail, preferring to spend most of its time on or near the ground, except when singing.Adult Kentucky...
, Oporornis formosus - Connecticut WarblerConnecticut WarblerThe Connecticut Warbler Oporornis agilis is a small songbird of the New World warbler family.These 15 cm long birds have light yellow underparts and olive upperparts; they have a light eye ring, pink legs, a long tail, pale wing bars and a thin pointed bill...
, Oporornis agilis - Mourning WarblerMourning WarblerThe Mourning Warbler, Oporornis philadelphia, is a small songbird of the New World warbler family.These 13 cm long birds have yellow underparts, olive-green upperparts and pink legs. Adult males have a grey hood and a black patch on the throat and breast...
, Oporornis philadelphia - MacGillivray's WarblerMacGillivray's WarblerThe MacGillivray's Warbler, Oporornis tolmiei, is a small species of New World warbler. Like all members of the genus Oporornis, these birds are sluggish and heavy warblers with short tails, preferring to spend most of their time on, or near the ground, except when singing.The MacGillivray's...
, Oporornis tolmiei
- Kentucky Warbler
- Genus Geothlypis
- Common YellowthroatCommon YellowthroatThe Common Yellowthroat is a New World warbler. They are abundant breeders in North America, ranging from southern Canada to central Mexico....
, Geothlypis trichas - Belding's YellowthroatBelding's YellowthroatThe Belding's Yellowthroat, Geothlypis beldingi, is a New World warbler. It is a resident breeder endemic to southern Baja California, Mexico....
, Geothlypis beldingi - Altamira YellowthroatAltamira YellowthroatThe Altamira Yellowthroat, Geothlypis flavovelata, is a New World warbler. It is a resident breeding bird endemic to the Gulf slope of northeastern Mexico....
, Geothlypis flavovelata - Bahama YellowthroatBahama YellowthroatThe Bahama Yellowthroat, Geothlypis rostrata, is a New World warbler. It is a resident breeder endemic to the Bahamas.It is closely related to Common Yellowthroat, Altamira Yellowthroat and Belding's Yellowthroat, with which it forms a superspecies, and was formerly considered conspecific.The...
, Geothlypis rostrata - Olive-crowned YellowthroatOlive-crowned YellowthroatThe Olive-crowned Yellowthroat is a species of bird in the Parulidae family.It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Panama....
, Geothlypis semiflava - Black-polled YellowthroatBlack-polled YellowthroatThe Black-polled Yellowthroat is a species of bird in the Parulidae family. It is endemic to Mexico. Its natural habitats are freshwater lakes and freshwater marshes.It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:...
, Geothlypis speciosa - Masked YellowthroatMasked YellowthroatThe Masked Yellowthroat, Geothlypis aequinoctialis, is a New World warbler. It has a number of separate resident breeding populations in Central and South America, some of which may be considered to form separate species....
, Geothlypis aequinoctialis - Gray-crowned Yellowthroat, Geothlypis poliocephala
- Hooded YellowthroatHooded YellowthroatThe Hooded Yellowthroat is a species of bird in the Parulidae family.It is endemic to the highlands of Mexico north of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec.It is resident in dense semiarid to humid montane shrubland or chaparral....
, Geothlypis nelsoni
- Common Yellowthroat
- Genus Wilsonia
- Hooded WarblerHooded WarblerThe Hooded Warbler, Wilsonia citrina, is a New World warbler. It breeds in eastern North America and across the eastern USA and into southernmost Canada, . It is migratory, wintering in Central America and the West Indies...
, Wilsonia citrina - Wilson's WarblerWilson's WarblerThe Wilson's Warbler, Wilsonia pusilla, is a small New World warbler. It is primarily greenish above and yellow below, with rounded wings and a long, slim tail. The male has a black crown patch which is greatly reduced or missing entirely in the female...
, Wilsonia pusilla - Canada WarblerCanada WarblerThe Canada Warbler is a small 13 cm long songbird of the New World warbler family.These birds have yellow underparts, blue-grey upperparts and pink legs; they also have yellow eye-rings and thin, pointed bills. Adult males have black foreheads and black necklaces...
, Wilsonia canadensis
- Hooded Warbler
- Genus Cardellina
- Red-faced WarblerRed-faced WarblerThe Red-faced Warbler is a species of New World warbler.Mature Red-faced Warblers are small birds, 14 cm long. They are light gray on top with a white rump and a white underside. The face, neck, and upper breast are all bright red, while the crown and sides of the head are black...
, Cardellina rubrifrons
- Red-faced Warbler
- Genus Ergaticus
- Red WarblerRed WarblerThe Red Warbler is a small passerine bird endemic to the highlands of Mexico, north of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. It is closely related to, and forms a superspecies with, the Pink-headed Warbler of southern Mexico and Guatemala. There are three subspecies, which are found in disjunct populations...
, Ergaticus ruber - Pink-headed WarblerPink-headed WarblerThe Pink-headed Warbler is a small passerine bird found in the southwestern highlands of Guatemala and the central and southeastern highlands of the Mexican state of Chiapas. The adult is primarily red, with a silvery-pink head and chest...
, Ergaticus versicolor
- Red Warbler
- Genus Myioborus (often, less accurately, named as redstarts, but they have conspicuous white, not red, feathers on the tail sides)
- Painted Whitestart, Myioborus pictus
- Slate-throated Whitestart, Myioborus miniatus
- Tepui Whitestart, Myioborus castaneocapillus
- Brown-capped Whitestart, Myioborus brunniceps
- Yellow-faced Whitestart, Myioborus pariae
- White-faced WhitestartWhite-faced WhitestartThe White-faced Whitestart , sometimes known by the less accurate name White-faced Redstart, is a species of bird in the Parulidae family. It is endemic to humid highland forests in the Tepuis of south-western Venezuela. Due to its isolated range, it is very poorly known.-References:* BirdLife...
, Myioborus albifacies - Saffron-breasted Whitestart, Myioborus cardonai
- Collared Whitestart, Myioborus torquatus
- Spectacled Whitestart, Myioborus melanocephalus
- Golden-fronted Whitestart, Myioborus ornatus
- White-fronted WhitestartWhite-fronted WhitestartThe White-fronted Whitestart , or, less accurately, theWhite-fronted Redstart, is a species of bird in the Parulidae family. It is endemic to forest and woodland in the Andes in western Venezuela. It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:* BirdLife International 2004. . Downloaded on 26...
, Myioborus albifrons - Yellow-crowned Whitestart, Myioborus flavivertex
- Genus Euthlypis
- Fan-tailed WarblerFan-tailed Warbler (Parulidae)The Fan-tailed Warbler is an New World Warbler in the monotypic genus Euthlypis that lives along the Pacific slope from northern Mexico to Nicaragua. Vagrant records exist for Arizona, New Mexico and Texas. It is yellow on its throat and underparts with a tawny wash on its chest...
, Euthlypis lachrymosa
- Fan-tailed Warbler
- Genus Basileuterus
- Gray-and-gold Warbler, Basileuterus fraseri
- Two-banded WarblerTwo-banded WarblerThe Two-banded Warbler is a species of bird in the Parulidae family. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Guyana, Peru, and Venezuela...
, Basileuterus bivittatus - Golden-bellied WarblerGolden-bellied WarblerThe Golden-bellied Warbler is a South American species of bird in the Parulidae family. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montanes, and heavily degraded former forest.The Golden-bellied Warbler has a disjunct distribution, with...
, Basileuterus chrysogaster - Choco Warbler, Basileuterus chlorophrys
- Pale-legged WarblerPale-legged WarblerThe Pale-legged Warbler is a species of bird in the Parulidae family. It is native to Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia and Peru. Its habitats include subtropical or tropical moist montane, as well as subtropical or tropical heavily degraded former forest....
, Basileuterus signatus - Citrine WarblerCitrine WarblerThe Citrine Warbler is a species of bird in the Parulidae family. The term citrine refers to its yellowish colouration. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.-References:* BirdLife International 2004....
, Basileuterus luteoviridis - Black-crested WarblerBlack-crested WarblerThe Black-crested Warbler is a species of bird in the Parulidae family.It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela....
, Basileuterus nigrocristatus - Gray-headed Warbler, Basileuterus griseiceps
- Santa Marta WarblerSanta Marta WarblerThe Santa Marta Warbler is a species of bird in the Parulidae family.It is endemic to the Santa Marta Mountains in Colombia.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes and heavily degraded former forest....
, Basileuterus basilicus - Gray-throated Warbler, Basileuterus cinereicollis
- White-lored WarblerWhite-lored WarblerThe White-lored Warbler is a species of bird in the Parulidae family.It is endemic to the Santa Marta Mountains in Colombia....
, Basileuterus conspicillatus - Russet-crowned WarblerRusset-crowned WarblerThe Russet-crowned Warbler is a species of bird in the Parulidae family.It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela....
, Basileuterus coronatus - Golden-crowned WarblerGolden-crowned WarblerThe Golden-crowned Warbler, Basileuterus culicivorus, is a small New World warbler.-Distribution and habitat:It breeds from Mexico and south through Central America to northeastern Argentina and Uruguay, and on Trinidad. It is a species mainly of lowland forests.-Description:The Golden-crowned...
, Basileuterus culicivorus - Three-banded WarblerThree-banded WarblerThe Three-banded Warbler is a species of bird in the Parulidae family.It is found in Ecuador and Peru.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montanes and heavily degraded former forest.-References:...
, Basileuterus trifasciatus - White-bellied WarblerWhite-bellied WarblerThe White-bellied Warbler is a species of bird in the Parulidae family. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Paraguay...
, Basileuterus hypoleucus - Rufous-capped WarblerRufous-capped WarblerThe Rufous-capped Warbler is a New World warbler native from Mexico south to much of Central America, rarely occurring as far north as southeastern Arizona and south Texas....
, Basileuterus rufifrons - Golden-browed WarblerGolden-browed WarblerThe Golden-browed Warbler is a species of bird in the Parulidae family, the New World warblers.It is found in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes....
, Basileuterus belli - Black-cheeked WarblerBlack-cheeked WarblerThe Black-cheeked Warbler is a New World warbler which is a resident breeding bird endemic to the mountains of central and southern Costa Rica and western Panama....
, Basileuterus melanogenys - Pirre WarblerPirre WarblerThe Pirre Warbler is a species of bird in the Parulidae family.It is found in Colombia and Panama.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montanes.It is threatened by habitat loss.-References:...
, Basileuterus ignotus - Three-striped WarblerThree-striped WarblerThe Three-striped Warbler is a species of bird in the Parulidae family.It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and heavily degraded former forest.-References:* BirdLife International...
, Basileuterus tristriatus - White-rimmed Warbler, Basileuterus leucoblepharus
- White-striped WarblerWhite-striped WarblerThe White-striped Warbler is a species of bird in the Parulidae family.It is endemic to Brazil.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.-References:...
, Basileuterus leucophrys - Flavescent WarblerFlavescent WarblerThe Flavescent Warbler is a species of bird in the Parulidae family. Its name comes from flavescent, a yellowish colour. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Paraguay, and Venezuela...
, Basileuterus flaveolus
- Genus Phaeothlypis (formerly included in Basileuterus)
- Buff-rumped WarblerBuff-rumped WarblerThe Buff-rumped Warbler is a New World warbler is a resident bird from Honduras south to northwestern Peru and disjunctly in the western Amazon...
, Phaeothlypis fulvicauda - Neotropical River WarblerNeotropical River WarblerThe Riverbank Warbler , sometimes known as the Neotropical River Warbler or just River Warbler , is a species of bird in the Parulidae family....
, Phaeothlypis rivularis
- Buff-rumped Warbler
Incertae sedis
- Green-tailed WarblerGreen-tailed WarblerThe Green-tailed Warbler , also known as the Green-tailed Ground Warbler, is a species of songbird endemic to the island of Hispaniola and adjacent islets....
or Green-tailed Ground Warbler, Microligea palustris (Not a parulid)
- Yellow-headed WarblerYellow-headed WarblerThe Yellow-headed Warbler is a species of bird in the Parulidae family.It is endemic to Cuba.Its natural habitats are dry forests and lowland moist forests.-References:...
, Teretistris fernandinae (Not a parulid) - Oriente WarblerOriente WarblerThe Oriente Warbler is a species of bird in the New World warbler family, Parulidae, that is endemic to Cuba. Its natural habitats dry forests, lowland moist forests, montane moist forests, and xeric shrublands.-References:...
, Teretistris fornsi
- Semper's WarblerSemper's WarblerThe Semper's Warbler is an extremely rare or possibly extinct New World Warbler which is endemic to Saint Lucia, part of the Lesser Antilles.-Description:...
, Leucopeza semperi (possibly related to Teretistris and if so not a parulid)
- WrenthrushWrenthrushThe Wrenthrush or Zeledonia is a species of New World warbler that is endemic to Costa Rica and western Panama. It has a short tail, rounded wings and elongated tarsi....
, Zeledonia coronata (Not a parulid)
- Yellow-breasted ChatYellow-breasted ChatThe Yellow-breasted Chat is a large songbird, formerly considered the most atypical member of the New World warbler family, though the long-standing suspicion is that it does not actually belong there. Its placement is not definitely resolved. It is the only member of the genus Icteria...
, Icteria virens (Not a parulid)
- White-winged WarblerWhite-winged WarblerThe White-winged Warbler , also called Hispaniolan Highland-tanager, is a species of bird formerly classified in the Parulidae family. It is the only member of the genus Xenoligea, and is found solely in the Dominican Republic and Haiti, which share the island of Hispaniola.The bird is...
, Xenoligea montana (Not a parulid)
External links
- Crane Creek Warblers
- New World Warblers (Parulidae) information, including 81 species with videos and 100 with photographs at the Internet Bird Collection
- Chasing Down Warblers National Geographic News story on seeing 30 warbler species in May