Newfrontiers
Encyclopedia
Newfrontiers is a neocharismatic
apostolic ministry network of evangelical, charismatic churches founded by Terry Virgo
. It forms part of the British New Church Movement, which began in the late 50s and 60s combining features of Pentecostalism
with British evangelicalism
. Other streams of the British New Church Movement with which it shares some features include Together, Ministries Without Borders
, and Life-Links. Groups like Pioneer, Ichthus Christian Fellowship
and Vineyard
are more distantly related. Newfrontiers is a rapidly growing movement with over 700 churches representing more than 60 nations worldwide to date. Newfrontiers describes itself as "an international family of churches together on a mission to establish the Kingdom of God by restoring the church, making disciples, training leaders and planting churches." Its theology is distinctively Reformed. Newfrontiers is committed to building churches according to "New Testament principles." One of the slogans of the movement has been "changing the expression of Christianity around the world," which is based on a prophecy given by Paul Cain
(the Latter Rain revivalist) to the movement in 1990.
who grew up in Brighton
, England. Virgo had been disillusioned as a young Christian by traditional UK churches, but after being baptised in the Spirit a desire grew for the church to return to its New Testament expression: both biblical in doctrine and in experience. He became pastor of a church on an estate in Seaford
, and was influenced by the teaching of the British Restorationist
Arthur Wallis. Wallis believed that a return of the charismatic gifts, such as prophecy
and speaking in tongues, to the traditional denominations was not sufficient. Instead, a more thorough restoration of church life to a New Testament pattern was necessary. Particular attention was given to the Ephesians 4 ministries of apostle, prophet, evangelist and pastor/teacher, and organisational elements led the analysis of what it meant to be a New Testament church.
Originally operating under the banner of Coastlands, later the name was changed to New Frontiers International (NFI), and then Newfrontiers. Initially, Newfrontiers consisted of churches primarily in southern England (mainly Sussex, Kent and South London) but also in other nations. Involvements in church care and oversight began in India, Mexico and South Africa. Newfrontiers now has churches across the British Isles and in every continent of the world. The growing network of churches that relate to Virgo have formed a close working relationship focused on mission, church planting and church oversight.
teaches the church is simply another word for God's people. Other traditional church terminology within Newfrontiers churches can also become influenced by this new definition of church. For example, the word, "sanctuary", is often replaced with a less-reverent word like, "auditorium" or "meeting room".
, usually including the use of drums, keyboards, acoustic guitars and electric guitars (see contemporary worship
). Individual worship leaders have discretion over which musical styles and songs are adopted in their church. Typically, there is a mixture of the latest contemporary songs, older contemporary songs, and to a much lesser extent, hymns.
and reading scripture aloud from the Bible
.
In most cases, church leaders that are considered to have mature spiritual discernment are appointed to "weigh" each contribution in an effort to biblically maintain order and continuity as described in 1 Corinthians 14:29. Within Newfrontiers these appointed leaders are commonly referred to as "meeting anchors".
Every Newfrontiers church has its own unique approach to participatory worship, but most commonly, anyone wishing to contribute during corporate worship must first share it with a meeting anchor. If it is considered to be potentially beneficial to the whole church body, any worship music being played will subside for a moment, and the individual can address the congregation.
music. Artists, musicians and producers from within the Newfrontiers family include Stuart Townend
, Lou Fellingham
, Martin Smith
(from Delirious?
), Simon Brading, Mark Edwards, Phatfish
, Martin Cooper, Dave Fellingham, Nathan Fellingham, Kate Simmonds, Olly Knight, Paul Oakley, Evan Rogers and Jordan Dillon. Others, such as, Matt Redman
and yFriday
have also been heavily involved with Newfrontiers and its artists. Influences from other movements include Association of Vineyard Churches
, Hillsong United (band)
, Soul Survivor, New Wine, and American artists Chris Tomlin
and Paul Baloche.
.
Newfrontiers was strongly shaped through Bible weeks. These were conferences gathering UK charismatics/restorationists to hear preaching from various apostolic figures and international speakers. The Downs Bible Week ran for a decade from 1979 and gathered up to 8,500 people at its height. Expositional Bible
teaching and lively worship were major features of the event. After a break from the Downs Bible weeks of a few years, Newfrontiers started the Stoneleigh
Bible week in 1991 in Coventry, England. The event gathered up to 28,000 delegates from around the world for teaching and celebration. Stoneleigh was stopped in its eleventh year after the leadership believed God to be leading them to concentrate more on planting and growing churches. Now leaders in Newfrontiers and students and 20s gather annually for "Together On A Mission" at The Brighton Centre
in July. Regional events, titled "Together At..." are held around the country to replace the bible week that existed before. In addition, Newday
, an event primarily aimed at 12–19 year olds, has a similar blend of worship, teaching and celebration aimed at youth. This is headed up by Terry Virgo's son, Joel Virgo.
conference held in the UK by the Newfrontiers family of church
es. In 2010 the conferences were held in London
and Leeds
, in March and April respectively, and focuses on cultural
transformation. In its first year, over 1,000 people attended across the two venues.
The conference borrows its name from the verse in the Bible
"The earth is the Lord's, and everything in it.".
of local (male) elders, often with multiple staff. The raising and training of local leaders to run cell group
s (often now called "life groups", "small groups" or "home groups"), worship teams and other ministries is seen as a priority. Newfrontiers runs an annual international leaders conference where thousands of church leaders come from around the world to gather for a mix of Bible teaching and lively worship services. This conference in Brighton
runs concurrently with Mobilise
for students and Christians in their 20s and attracts, in total, over 4,000 people a year including people from other denominations. The combination of these two events is now called Together On A Mission
.
position on gender similar to that promoted by the Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood
. This means that women are not allowed to occupy positions of governmental leadership within the local (or wider network of) churches, such as eldership or apostolic ministries. However there is no prohibition of women leading in any other capacity, and many women operate as worship/cell leaders and/or prophets and evangelists.
In particular, the movement is seen by some to be exclusivist. As early as 1986, sociologist and church historian Andrew Walker wrote of Newfrontiers that "churches are far more centralised and controlled than those of (...) mainline charismatic fellowships... The situation seems slightly analogous to Japanese business practices: they… export with great success, but import virtually nothing from anybody else".
:
Neo-charismatic churches
Neo-charismatic churches are a category of churches in the Christian Renewal movement. The Christian renewal movement incorporates Pentecostal, Charismatic and neo-charismatic churches...
apostolic ministry network of evangelical, charismatic churches founded by Terry Virgo
Terry Virgo
Terry Virgo is a prominent leader in the British New Church Movement, . He is the founder of the Newfrontiers family of neocharismatic evangelical churches, which has grown into an international apostolic network of over 700 churches in more than 60 nations. He is a leading Reformed Charismatic...
. It forms part of the British New Church Movement, which began in the late 50s and 60s combining features of Pentecostalism
Pentecostalism
Pentecostalism is a diverse and complex movement within Christianity that places special emphasis on a direct personal experience of God through the baptism in the Holy Spirit, has an eschatological focus, and is an experiential religion. The term Pentecostal is derived from Pentecost, the Greek...
with British evangelicalism
Evangelicalism
Evangelicalism is a Protestant Christian movement which began in Great Britain in the 1730s and gained popularity in the United States during the series of Great Awakenings of the 18th and 19th century.Its key commitments are:...
. Other streams of the British New Church Movement with which it shares some features include Together, Ministries Without Borders
Ministries Without Borders
Ministries Without Borders is an Evangelical neocharismatic Apostolic network of nearly 50 Christian churches, that forms part of the British New Church Movement. It is led by Keri Jones, brother of the late Bryn Jones.-History:...
, and Life-Links. Groups like Pioneer, Ichthus Christian Fellowship
Ichthus Christian Fellowship
Ichthus Christian Fellowship is a neocharismatic Christian church movement and Apostolic network based in London, United Kingdom. It is part of the British New Church Movement and has links with other BNCM leaders and movements, especially Gerald Coates of Pioneer Network.-History:Ichthus...
and Vineyard
Association of Vineyard Churches
The Association of Vineyard Churches, also known as the Vineyard Movement, is a neocharismatic evangelical Christian denomination with over 1,500 affiliated churches worldwide....
are more distantly related. Newfrontiers is a rapidly growing movement with over 700 churches representing more than 60 nations worldwide to date. Newfrontiers describes itself as "an international family of churches together on a mission to establish the Kingdom of God by restoring the church, making disciples, training leaders and planting churches." Its theology is distinctively Reformed. Newfrontiers is committed to building churches according to "New Testament principles." One of the slogans of the movement has been "changing the expression of Christianity around the world," which is based on a prophecy given by Paul Cain
Paul Cain (minister)
Paul Cain is a Pentecostal Christian minister involved with both neo-charismatic churches and the Charismatic Movement. As a young man he was one of the Voice of Healing revivalists of the 50s. Cain currently resides in California and ministers monthly at a local church in Santa...
(the Latter Rain revivalist) to the movement in 1990.
History
Newfrontiers began out of the ministry of leader Terry VirgoTerry Virgo
Terry Virgo is a prominent leader in the British New Church Movement, . He is the founder of the Newfrontiers family of neocharismatic evangelical churches, which has grown into an international apostolic network of over 700 churches in more than 60 nations. He is a leading Reformed Charismatic...
who grew up in Brighton
Brighton
Brighton is the major part of the city of Brighton and Hove in East Sussex, England on the south coast of Great Britain...
, England. Virgo had been disillusioned as a young Christian by traditional UK churches, but after being baptised in the Spirit a desire grew for the church to return to its New Testament expression: both biblical in doctrine and in experience. He became pastor of a church on an estate in Seaford
Seaford, East Sussex
Seaford is a coastal town in the county of East Sussex, on the south coast of England. Lying east of Newhaven and Brighton and west of Eastbourne, it is the largest town in Lewes district, with a population of about 23,000....
, and was influenced by the teaching of the British Restorationist
Charismatic Restorationism
The British New Church Movement is a neocharismatic evangelical Christian movement associated with the Charismatic Movement of the 1960s, although its origin both predates the Charismatic Movement and has an agenda that goes beyond it. It was originally known as the "house church movement", a name...
Arthur Wallis. Wallis believed that a return of the charismatic gifts, such as prophecy
Prophecy
Prophecy is a process in which one or more messages that have been communicated to a prophet are then communicated to others. Such messages typically involve divine inspiration, interpretation, or revelation of conditioned events to come as well as testimonies or repeated revelations that the...
and speaking in tongues, to the traditional denominations was not sufficient. Instead, a more thorough restoration of church life to a New Testament pattern was necessary. Particular attention was given to the Ephesians 4 ministries of apostle, prophet, evangelist and pastor/teacher, and organisational elements led the analysis of what it meant to be a New Testament church.
Originally operating under the banner of Coastlands, later the name was changed to New Frontiers International (NFI), and then Newfrontiers. Initially, Newfrontiers consisted of churches primarily in southern England (mainly Sussex, Kent and South London) but also in other nations. Involvements in church care and oversight began in India, Mexico and South Africa. Newfrontiers now has churches across the British Isles and in every continent of the world. The growing network of churches that relate to Virgo have formed a close working relationship focused on mission, church planting and church oversight.
Sunday Services
During a typical service, time is often equally divided between worship and preaching. During worship, as with many charismatic churches, the service is free flowing and members are encouraged to participate with public contributions of prayer, Scripture reading, and spiritual gifts. Preaching will be reformed, Evangelical, and Bible focused, with the goal of applying biblical learning within the contemporary world.Buildings -vs- The Church
Newfrontiers churches have long since moved away from the traditional view of defining themselves as venues. Instead, they have emphasized that the BibleBible
The Bible refers to any one of the collections of the primary religious texts of Judaism and Christianity. There is no common version of the Bible, as the individual books , their contents and their order vary among denominations...
teaches the church is simply another word for God's people. Other traditional church terminology within Newfrontiers churches can also become influenced by this new definition of church. For example, the word, "sanctuary", is often replaced with a less-reverent word like, "auditorium" or "meeting room".
Style
Newfrontiers churches are known for their expressive times of corporate worship and wide variety of music styles. The most familiar style would resemble soft rockSoft rock
Soft rock is a style of music which uses the techniques of rock music to compose a softer, more toned-down sound. Soft rock songs generally tend to focus on themes like love, everyday life and relationships. The genre tends to make heavy use of acoustic guitars, pianos, synthesizers and sometimes...
, usually including the use of drums, keyboards, acoustic guitars and electric guitars (see contemporary worship
Contemporary worship
Contemporary worship is a form of Christian worship that emerged within Western evangelical Protestantism in the twentieth century. It was originally confined to the charismatic movement, but is now found to varying extents in a wide range of churches, including many that do not subscribe to a...
). Individual worship leaders have discretion over which musical styles and songs are adopted in their church. Typically, there is a mixture of the latest contemporary songs, older contemporary songs, and to a much lesser extent, hymns.
Participation
Newfrontiers churches allow for and encourage that prayer and spiritual gifts be expressed during times of corporate worship. Common examples of these expressions would include prayers to God, prophetic words, prophetic visions, prophetic singing, speaking in tongues, interpretation of tonguesInterpretation of tongues
In Christian theology, interpretation of tongues is one of the spiritual gifts listed in 1 Corinthians 12. This gift is used in conjunction with that of the gift of tongues—the supernatural ability to speak in a language unknown to the speaker. The gift of interpretation is the supernatural...
and reading scripture aloud from the Bible
Bible
The Bible refers to any one of the collections of the primary religious texts of Judaism and Christianity. There is no common version of the Bible, as the individual books , their contents and their order vary among denominations...
.
In most cases, church leaders that are considered to have mature spiritual discernment are appointed to "weigh" each contribution in an effort to biblically maintain order and continuity as described in 1 Corinthians 14:29. Within Newfrontiers these appointed leaders are commonly referred to as "meeting anchors".
Every Newfrontiers church has its own unique approach to participatory worship, but most commonly, anyone wishing to contribute during corporate worship must first share it with a meeting anchor. If it is considered to be potentially beneficial to the whole church body, any worship music being played will subside for a moment, and the individual can address the congregation.
Songwriting
Many songwriters have emerged from Newfrontiers that are known worldwide for their contributions in contemporary worshipContemporary worship
Contemporary worship is a form of Christian worship that emerged within Western evangelical Protestantism in the twentieth century. It was originally confined to the charismatic movement, but is now found to varying extents in a wide range of churches, including many that do not subscribe to a...
music. Artists, musicians and producers from within the Newfrontiers family include Stuart Townend
Stuart Townend
Stuart Townend is a British Christian worship leader and writer of hymns and contemporary worship music. His songs include "In Christ Alone" , "How Deep The Father's Love For Us", "Beautiful Saviour" and "The King Of Love".As of 2008, CCLI lists the "In Christ Alone" in its Top 25 CCLI Songs...
, Lou Fellingham
Lou Fellingham
Louise "Lou" Fellingham , , is a Christian worship leader, singer and songwriter from Brighton in East Sussex, England. She is a founding member of the British band Phatfish and has also pursued a solo career....
, Martin Smith
Martin Smith (songwriter)
Martin James Smith is an English vocalist, guitarist, and songwriter. He was the front man of the Christian rock and worship band Delirious? He co-wrote three songs on Michael W. Smith's 2004 album Healing Rain and is going to be collaborating with Michael W. Smith on his upcoming album...
(from Delirious?
Delirious?
Delirious? were an English Christian rock and worship band. For the majority of their career, the lineup featured Martin Smith on vocals and guitar, Stu G on guitar and backing vocals, Jon Thatcher on bass guitar, Tim Jupp on keys and piano, and Stew Smith on drums and percussion...
), Simon Brading, Mark Edwards, Phatfish
Phatfish
Phatfish are a Christian rock, CCM and Worship Band. They live in Brighton, England and have spent many years writing and performing their own brand of worship-oriented rock, as well as leading worship both in the UK and across the world...
, Martin Cooper, Dave Fellingham, Nathan Fellingham, Kate Simmonds, Olly Knight, Paul Oakley, Evan Rogers and Jordan Dillon. Others, such as, Matt Redman
Matt Redman
Matt Redman is an English Christian worship leader, songwriter and author based in Brighton.He has worked with Newfrontiers, Passion Conferences, Hillsong London, Soul Survivor, is an artist for Sixstepsrecords and is a member of Compassionart a charity founded by Martin Smith.He appeared with...
and yFriday
YFriday
YFriday were a British Christian rock and worship band from Newcastle upon Tyne. From their beginning in 1994 until they split in 2010, they gained popularity amongst Christian music fans around the world, particularly in the United Kingdom...
have also been heavily involved with Newfrontiers and its artists. Influences from other movements include Association of Vineyard Churches
Association of Vineyard Churches
The Association of Vineyard Churches, also known as the Vineyard Movement, is a neocharismatic evangelical Christian denomination with over 1,500 affiliated churches worldwide....
, Hillsong United (band)
Hillsong United (band)
The Hillsong United band is an Australian praise and worship band that originated as a part of Hillsong Church. The band tours the world, performing at the various Hillsong church locations as well as general concert venues. They compose the songs for their own performances and for the other...
, Soul Survivor, New Wine, and American artists Chris Tomlin
Chris Tomlin
Christopher Dwayne "Chris" Tomlin is an American Christian Contemporary Music artist, worship leader, and songwriter from Grand Saline, Texas, United States. He is a former staff member at Austin Stone Community Church and is signed to EMI's sixstepsrecords. Tomlin also leads worship at many...
and Paul Baloche.
Evangelism
Newfrontiers believes that evangelism is most effective in the context of a strong local church where each member participates, the gifts of the Spirit are present, there is joy in caring one for the other, a desire to make a difference in society and to reach those in need. Because of this strong emphasis on church led evangelism, the movement differentiates itself from agencies focusing on evangelism outside of a recognizable, locally led and organised church (often referred to as parachurch bodies).They are also strong proponents of the Alpha courseAlpha course
The Alpha course is a course which seeks to explore the basics of the Christian faith, described as "an opportunity to explore the meaning of life" . Alpha courses are currently being run in churches, homes, workplaces, prisons, universities and a wide variety of other locations...
.
Bible weeks
Bible
The Bible refers to any one of the collections of the primary religious texts of Judaism and Christianity. There is no common version of the Bible, as the individual books , their contents and their order vary among denominations...
teaching and lively worship were major features of the event. After a break from the Downs Bible weeks of a few years, Newfrontiers started the Stoneleigh
Stoneleigh, Warwickshire
Stoneleigh is a small village in Warwickshire, England on the River Sowe, about 5 miles south of Coventry and 5 miles north of Leamington Spa. The village is situated about northeast of the confluence of the River Sowe and the River Avon.Stoneleigh does not have a public house...
Bible week in 1991 in Coventry, England. The event gathered up to 28,000 delegates from around the world for teaching and celebration. Stoneleigh was stopped in its eleventh year after the leadership believed God to be leading them to concentrate more on planting and growing churches. Now leaders in Newfrontiers and students and 20s gather annually for "Together On A Mission" at The Brighton Centre
The Brighton Centre
The Brighton Centre is a conference centre located in Brighton, England. The capacity of the main hall for conferences is 4,500 people and 5,100 for standing concerts.It also has smaller rooms for weddings, banquets etc....
in July. Regional events, titled "Together At..." are held around the country to replace the bible week that existed before. In addition, Newday
Newday
Newday, established since August 2004, is an annual Christian youth festival organized by the Newfrontiers family of churches. The event is aimed at young people between the ages of 12 to 19, either Christian or non-Christian....
, an event primarily aimed at 12–19 year olds, has a similar blend of worship, teaching and celebration aimed at youth. This is headed up by Terry Virgo's son, Joel Virgo.
Everything Conference
The Everything Conference is an annual one day ChristianChristian
A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as recorded in the Canonical gospels and the letters of the New Testament...
conference held in the UK by the Newfrontiers family of church
Christian Church
The Christian Church is the assembly or association of followers of Jesus Christ. The Greek term ἐκκλησία that in its appearances in the New Testament is usually translated as "church" basically means "assembly"...
es. In 2010 the conferences were held in London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
and Leeds
Leeds
Leeds is a city and metropolitan borough in West Yorkshire, England. In 2001 Leeds' main urban subdivision had a population of 443,247, while the entire city has a population of 798,800 , making it the 30th-most populous city in the European Union.Leeds is the cultural, financial and commercial...
, in March and April respectively, and focuses on cultural
Culture
Culture is a term that has many different inter-related meanings. For example, in 1952, Alfred Kroeber and Clyde Kluckhohn compiled a list of 164 definitions of "culture" in Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions...
transformation. In its first year, over 1,000 people attended across the two venues.
The conference borrows its name from the verse in the Bible
Bible
The Bible refers to any one of the collections of the primary religious texts of Judaism and Christianity. There is no common version of the Bible, as the individual books , their contents and their order vary among denominations...
"The earth is the Lord's, and everything in it.".
Leadership
In each local church, leadership is expressed in a pluralityPlurality (church governance)
In Christianity, the term plurality refers to a system of church government or ecclesiastical polity wherein the local church's decisions are made by a committee, typically called elders...
of local (male) elders, often with multiple staff. The raising and training of local leaders to run cell group
Cell group
The cell group is a form of church organization that is used in some Christian churches. Cell groups are generally intended to teach the Bible and personalize Christian fellowship. They are always used in cell churches, but also occur in parachurch organizations and other interdenominational...
s (often now called "life groups", "small groups" or "home groups"), worship teams and other ministries is seen as a priority. Newfrontiers runs an annual international leaders conference where thousands of church leaders come from around the world to gather for a mix of Bible teaching and lively worship services. This conference in Brighton
Brighton
Brighton is the major part of the city of Brighton and Hove in East Sussex, England on the south coast of Great Britain...
runs concurrently with Mobilise
Mobilise
Mobilise runs Christian conferences, weekend retreats and provides resources for students and twenties. It is run by the Newfrontiers family of churches.-Mobilise Conference:...
for students and Christians in their 20s and attracts, in total, over 4,000 people a year including people from other denominations. The combination of these two events is now called Together On A Mission
Together On A Mission
Together On A Mission was an annual conference held at The Brighton Centre, Brighton, UK. Organised by the Newfrontiers network of churches, the 4 day conference involves Christian teaching and worship....
.
Complementarianism
All Newfrontiers churches hold to a complementarianComplementarian
Complementarianism is a theological view held by some in Christianity and other world religions, such as Islam, that men and women have different but complementary roles and responsibilities in marriage, family life, religious leadership, and elsewhere. The word ‘'complementary’' and its cognates...
position on gender similar to that promoted by the Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood
Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood
The Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood is an evangelical Christian organization promoting a complementarian view of gender issues. CBMW's current president is Dr...
. This means that women are not allowed to occupy positions of governmental leadership within the local (or wider network of) churches, such as eldership or apostolic ministries. However there is no prohibition of women leading in any other capacity, and many women operate as worship/cell leaders and/or prophets and evangelists.
Criticism
Some critics believe that Newfrontiers and other British restorationists are claiming too much when they speak of "restoring the church."In particular, the movement is seen by some to be exclusivist. As early as 1986, sociologist and church historian Andrew Walker wrote of Newfrontiers that "churches are far more centralised and controlled than those of (...) mainline charismatic fellowships... The situation seems slightly analogous to Japanese business practices: they… export with great success, but import virtually nothing from anybody else".
Allegations of spiritual abuse
In April 2009, the Journal of Beliefs and Values published an article reporting on a 2007 study which "set out to examine the psychological type profile of Lead Elders within the Newfrontiers network of churches in the United Kingdom and to compare this profile with the established profile of clergymen in the Church of England". One of the conclusions of this academic study offers some support for recurring allegations of spiritual abuseSpiritual abuse
Spiritual abuse is a serious form of abuse which occurs when a person in a cult-religious authority or a person with a unique spiritual practice misleads and maltreats another person in the name of a deityor church or in the mystery of any spiritual concept...
:
There is a toughness about this style of leadership that is unlikely to be distracted by opposition. The disadvantage is that this style of leadership can leave some individuals hurt and marginalised for what is seen by the leadership as the overall benefit to the organisation.
Further reading
- John Fleming. Bind Us Together: To Be the Church That Jesus Really Wants (Seaford: Thankful, 2007)
- John Hosier. Christ's Radiant Church (Oxford: Monarch Books, 2005)
- Terry Virgo. No Well-Worn Paths (Eastbourne: Kingsway, 2001) ISBN 0 85476 990 0
- Andrew Walker. Restoring the Kingdom: the Radical Christianity of the House Church Movement 4th Ed (Guildford: Eagle, 1998) ISBN 0 340 41470 7