The North American numbering plan expansion is a proposed expansion of the North American Numbering Plan

North American Numbering Plan

The North American Numbering Plan is an integrated telephone numbering plan administered by Neustar which encompasses 24 countries and territories, including the United States and its territories, Canada, Bermuda, and 16 nations of the Caribbean...

 to accommodate future needs beyond the current 10-digit limitations used in telephone number

Telephone number

A telephone number or phone number is a sequence of digits used to call from one telephone line to another in a public switched telephone network. When telephone numbers were invented, they were short — as few as one, two or three digits — and were given orally to a switchboard operator...

s.

History

The North American Numbering Plan has been in use since 1947, and has endured that time with only minor changes. So far, unlike many other nations, it has not been necessary to lengthen phone numbers to accommodate expansion. To date, the accommodation of demand has been achieved by adding area codes (NPAs) for relief, either as a split or as an overlay plan

Overlay plan

In telephony, especially in North America, an overlay plan is the practice of introducing a new area code by applying it onto a geographic area that is already occupied by one or more existing area codes, resulting in two area codes serving the same area.- Methodology :Prior to the introduction of...

.

Although the plan provides for a potential of 6.4 billion telephone numbers, a considerable percentage of these numbers will remain unused when the last available NPA code is assigned, as thousands of numbers will not be in use in exchanges that serve only a small population center, the exchange being served by a single NPA-NXX combination in non-competitive markets (and more combinations in the unlikely event that such a small market has competitors).

As a result, as the supply of unassigned NPA codes dwindles, it will be necessary for telephone carriers in North America to implement expansion beyond the current 10 digit format. Expansion has been a matter of discussion by industry forums for several years, and although a recommendation has been made, that expansion plan format has not been approved by the regulatory authorities (the Federal Communications Commission

Federal Communications Commission

The Federal Communications Commission is an independent agency of the United States government, created, Congressional statute , and with the majority of its commissioners appointed by the current President. The FCC works towards six goals in the areas of broadband, competition, the spectrum, the...

 in the United States and the Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunications Commission), and the regulators may choose a different expansion plan format.

The industry forum considered dozens of potential options and identified the difficulties with each option.

Current industry recommendation

In the usual phone number jargon, the letter N represents a numeral from 2 through 9, while the letter X represents any numeral. Thus an NXX number may be any from 200 through 999, while XXXX would be 0000 through 9999.

The telephone industry's current recommendation assumes first that mandatory dialing of all ten digits is required to complete telephone numbers, even for a local call

Local call

In telephony, the term local call has the following meanings:# Any call using a single switching center; that is, not traveling to another telephone network;# A call made within a local calling area as defined by the local exchange carrier;...

, throughout the North American Numbering Plan area, which includes many Caribbean and Pacific territories and nations.

The plan proposes the insertion of two zeroes or two ones between the NPA and the Central Office

Telephone exchange

In the field of telecommunications, a telephone exchange or telephone switch is a system of electronic components that connects telephone calls...

 Code (commonly referred to as an NXX in industry jargon), to produce twelve-digit numbers. The plan further proposes that the United States would use either 00 or 11, while Canada would use the other, in order to allow customers to distinguish countries by use of these digits, which do not appear at the beginning of the 12-digit number.

Under this proposal, the N9X format NPA codes, which are currently reserved from assignment, would be released and be available for normal assignment for code relief and other purposes.

Examples

For these examples, we will assume that the new digits will be '00' for the US, and '11' for Canada. With these assumptions, under this plan, the New Jersey telephone number 609-555-0175 would become 6090-0555-0175, and would be dialed as such. Likewise, the Ontario number 613-555-0175 would become 6131-1555-0175.

One advantage is that during the transition period, permissive dialing

Permissive dialing

In North America, permissive dialing is the ability to make phone calls in an area subject to a newly introduced area code using both the new and preexisting dialing methods....

could be enabled. This means that until everyone has adjusted to the new dialing system, users would still be able dial the shorter, 10 digit numbers. Since currently, the 4th digit (or digit 'D') cannot be 1 or 0, if the telephone system detects 1 or 0 in the 4th position it will process the number as a new 12 digit number, and if it is any digit other than 1 or 0, it can process it as an existing 10 digit number until the transition is complete.

Other proposals

Proposals that utilize the reserved N9X format codes for expansion include the following proposals:

N9XX, with no change to the remainder of the phone number

This proposal would expand numbers to eleven digits overall. A 9 would be inserted as the new second digit of all area codes (e.g. 212 would become 2912, 916 would become 9916). Permissive dialing would be allowed, as exchange equipment, on detecting a 9 as the second digit of the area code, would respond appropriately to expect 11 digits, or 10 in the absence of a 9 in that position.

Examples

Under this plan, the New Jersey telephone number 609-555-0175 would become 6909-555-0175.

N9XX, with a new initial digit

With a new initial digit in front of the last seven digits of the phone number, this proposal would expand numbers to twelve digits overall. As with the above plan, a 9 would be inserted as the new second digit of all area codes. The problem would occur with permissive dialing of local calls where the area code is not presently required (areas with no overlay in effect). If the added digit were 3, for example, numbers that already begin with a 3 would present a problem, probably resolved using either a "time-out" if the customer only dials seven digits, or a flash-cut to mandatory eight digit dialing.

Examples

Under this plan, the New Jersey telephone number 609-555-0175 could become 6909-3555-0175, although the added '3' in the '3555' could theoretically be any digit.

Exhaustion date

In 2002 the expected date for NANP exhaustion was extended to 2031, making the question less urgent.