North East Derbyshire
Encyclopedia
North East Derbyshire is a local government district
in Derbyshire
, England
. It borders the districts of Chesterfield
, Bolsover
, Amber Valley
and Derbyshire Dales
in Derbyshire, and Sheffield
and Rotherham
in South Yorkshire
.
The district offices are based outside the district, in the town of Chesterfield, which the district surrounds on three sides, and thus acts as the shopping and work centre for much of the district.
Settlements in the district include:
The district was formed on April 1, 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972
. It was a merger of the Clay Cross and Dronfield urban district
s along with all but one parish of Chesterfield Rural District.
and much of the surrounding area of South Yorkshire
, was a major producer of coal
when a large seam was discovered during the building of the Clay Cross
railway tunnel. Coal mining became the main industry of the region. During the 1980s the Conservative
government closed down many of the mines after a dispute between the government and the National Union of Mineworkers, which is known as the miners' strike
.
The strike began when the government reneged on previous declarations and announced the closure of the majority of pits due to unprofitability and inefficiency. The strike lasted for a year between 1984 and 1985. The strike was observed by approximately 70% of miners in North East Derbyshire. It caused massive social upheaval as traditionally close-knit communities became divided between those who worked and those who didn't. Striking miners went unpaid and were not entitled to state welfare benefits, meaning that thousands of families relied on handouts and poverty became rife.
The strike was resolved by the spring of 1985, when the government effectively defeated the NUM and continued its policy of mine closures. The closure of the pits resulted in the closure of many associated industries, which decimated the local communities. Many former pit villages have struggled to recover. There are now no deep pit mines left in North East Derbyshire.
, with old mine workings and spoil tips from the last 150 years of industrialisation
. Over the last few years these sites have been re mediated and regenerated by open cast mining the remaining surface deposits and reclamation of coal from the old spoil heaps. The sites have then being restored as a mix of parkland
, business parks and housing sites. A lot of the work being part funded by EEC Coalfield community regeneration grants, to provide money to help clean up the environmental
legacy and fund the creation of job opportunities by providing the infrastructure for developments. This has resulted in several large and some smaller business parks, now providing jobs for thousands of people. But not of the same skill level of the old engineering jobs lost. A lot being warehousing and distribution
, as opposed to the old engineering trades.
Non-metropolitan district
Non-metropolitan districts, or colloquially shire districts, are a type of local government district in England. As created, they are sub-divisions of non-metropolitan counties in a so-called "two-tier" arrangement...
in Derbyshire
Derbyshire
Derbyshire is a county in the East Midlands of England. A substantial portion of the Peak District National Park lies within Derbyshire. The northern part of Derbyshire overlaps with the Pennines, a famous chain of hills and mountains. The county contains within its boundary of approx...
, England
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
. It borders the districts of Chesterfield
Chesterfield
Chesterfield is a market town and a borough of Derbyshire, England. It lies north of Derby, on a confluence of the rivers Rother and Hipper. Its population is 70,260 , making it Derbyshire's largest town...
, Bolsover
Bolsover
Bolsover is a town near Chesterfield, Derbyshire, England. It is 145 miles from London, 18 miles from Sheffield, 26 miles from Nottingham and 54 miles from Manchester. It is the main town in the Bolsover district.The civil parish for the town is called...
, Amber Valley
Amber Valley
Amber Valley is a local government district and borough in Derbyshire, England. It takes its name from the River Amber and covers a semi-rural area with a number of small towns formerly based around coal mining and engineering...
and Derbyshire Dales
Derbyshire Dales
Derbyshire Dales is a local government district in Derbyshire, England. Much of the district is situated in the Peak District, although most of its population lies along the River Derwent....
in Derbyshire, and Sheffield
Sheffield
Sheffield is a city and metropolitan borough of South Yorkshire, England. Its name derives from the River Sheaf, which runs through the city. Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, and with some of its southern suburbs annexed from Derbyshire, the city has grown from its largely...
and Rotherham
Rotherham
Rotherham is a town in South Yorkshire, England. It lies on the River Don, at its confluence with the River Rother, between Sheffield and Doncaster. Rotherham, at from Sheffield City Centre, is surrounded by several smaller settlements, which together form the wider Metropolitan Borough of...
in South Yorkshire
South Yorkshire
South Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England. It has a population of 1.29 million. It consists of four metropolitan boroughs: Barnsley, Doncaster, Rotherham, and City of Sheffield...
.
The district offices are based outside the district, in the town of Chesterfield, which the district surrounds on three sides, and thus acts as the shopping and work centre for much of the district.
Settlements in the district include:
- Arkwright TownArkwright TownArkwright Town, commonly referred to as Arkwright, is a settlement in North East Derbyshire, England that is notable for having moved its location in the early 1990s. Despite its name, the settlement has no official town status....
, - AshoverAshoverAshover is a village in the English county of Derbyshire. It is in the North East Derbyshire district of the county. It sits in a picturesque valley, not far from the town of Matlock and the Peak District national park. The centre of the village is a conservation area. The River Amber flows through...
- BarlowBarlow, DerbyshireBarlow is a village and civil parish in the North East Derbyshire district of Derbyshire, England. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 884. The village is about three miles north-west of Chesterfield....
- CalowCalowCalow is a village in Derbyshire, England. It is in the North East Derbyshire district of the county. It is close to the town of Chesterfield....
- Clay CrossClay CrossClay Cross is a former mining town and civil parish in the North East Derbyshire district of Derbyshire, England, about six miles south of Chesterfield. It is directly on the A61, the former Roman road Ryknield Street...
- DronfieldDronfieldDronfield is a town in North East Derbyshire in the North Midlands region of England. It comprises the three communities of Dronfield, Dronfield Woodhouse and Coal Aston. It is sited in the valley of the small River Drone, and lies between the town of Chesterfield and the city of Sheffield. The...
- EckingtonEckington, DerbyshireEckington is a town in North East Derbyshire, 7 miles north of Chesterfield and 8.5 miles south of Sheffield on the border with South Yorkshire.Eckington has a population of 11,152....
- GrassmoorGrassmoorGrassmoor is a village in Derbyshire, England, approximately three miles to the south of Chesterfield. Its original name, according to 16th-century parish records, was Gresmore. Grassmoor formally housed many miners, however all of the local mines in the area have been closed since the...
- HolmesfieldHolmesfieldHolmesfield is a village and civil parish in Derbyshire. Steeped in history, the name "Holmesfield" means "raised pasture-land" and comes from Norse and Anglo-Saxon origin...
- HolymoorsideHolymoorsideHolymoorside is a small village in North East Derbyshire, England, approximately two miles west of Chesterfield. It is located at 53.21 North, -1.49 West...
- HolmewoodHolmewoodHolmewood is a village in the North East Derbyshire district of Derbyshire, being a former coal mining village with close links to the villages of Heath, North Wingfield and Temple Normanton....
- KillamarshKillamarshKillamarsh is a town in North East Derbyshire. It borders South Yorkshire to its north and west. It lies between Halfway and Mosborough to the west, Renishaw to the south, Beighton and Sothall to the northwest, Wales to the northeast, Harthill to its east and the Rother Valley Country Park to its...
- North WingfieldNorth WingfieldNorth Wingfield is a large village in the English county of Derbyshire, located approximately 4½ miles south-east of Chesterfield, and 1 mile north-east of Clay Cross. It is in the North East Derbyshire district...
- Pilsley
- RenishawRenishaw, DerbyshireRenishaw is a village in the district of North East Derbyshire in England.Renishaw lies on the A6135 between the villages of Eckington and Barlborough. To the west of the village is a section of the Trans Pennine Trail long distance footpath which runs along a former railway line. Adjacent to this...
- RidgewayRidgeway, DerbyshireRidgeway is a district of North East Derbyshire in the county of Derbyshire in England.-Location:Ridgeway lies just south of the South Yorkshire border, around 5 miles south-east of Sheffield City Centre.-History:...
- ShirlandShirlandShirland is a parish and former mining village in Derbyshire, England. It is continuous with the villages of Higham, Stretton and Stonebroom. Shirland has existed since at least 1086. Local politics is largely Labour. The River Amber flows through the parish....
- SpinkhillSpinkhillSpinkhill is a small village to the north of Renishaw in Derbyshire. The nearest town is Killamarsh. It is home to the Church of the Immaculate Conception and its associated Catholic Primary School. Spinkhill is also home to Mount St Mary's College, a private school. The village has strong...
- StonebroomStonebroomStonebroom is a village in the district of North East Derbyshire in England.Stonebroom lies to the east of the A61 between Alfreton and Clay Cross. It has a Primary and Nursery school and two churches, one Church of England and one Methodist...
- TuptonTuptonTupton is a village in North East Derbyshire, Derbyshire, England, south of Chesterfield. It lies just north of Clay Cross on the A61 which runs from Chesterfield to Alfreton. It comprises the areas of Old Tupton and New Tupton. However, it is generally referred to as Tupton...
- WingerworthWingerworthWingerworth is a relatively large village and parish near to Chesterfield, Derbyshire, England. It is one of the largest and most populous villages in the district of North East Derbyshire. Wingerworth is only two miles south west of the town of Chesterfield, 12 miles south of Sheffield and 120...
The district was formed on April 1, 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972
Local Government Act 1972
The Local Government Act 1972 is an Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom that reformed local government in England and Wales on 1 April 1974....
. It was a merger of the Clay Cross and Dronfield urban district
Urban district
In the England, Wales and Ireland, an urban district was a type of local government district that covered an urbanised area. Urban districts had an elected Urban District Council , which shared local government responsibilities with a county council....
s along with all but one parish of Chesterfield Rural District.
Coal mining
The district, along with the district of BolsoverBolsover
Bolsover is a town near Chesterfield, Derbyshire, England. It is 145 miles from London, 18 miles from Sheffield, 26 miles from Nottingham and 54 miles from Manchester. It is the main town in the Bolsover district.The civil parish for the town is called...
and much of the surrounding area of South Yorkshire
South Yorkshire
South Yorkshire is a metropolitan county in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England. It has a population of 1.29 million. It consists of four metropolitan boroughs: Barnsley, Doncaster, Rotherham, and City of Sheffield...
, was a major producer of coal
Coal
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure...
when a large seam was discovered during the building of the Clay Cross
Clay Cross
Clay Cross is a former mining town and civil parish in the North East Derbyshire district of Derbyshire, England, about six miles south of Chesterfield. It is directly on the A61, the former Roman road Ryknield Street...
railway tunnel. Coal mining became the main industry of the region. During the 1980s the Conservative
Conservatism
Conservatism is a political and social philosophy that promotes the maintenance of traditional institutions and supports, at the most, minimal and gradual change in society. Some conservatives seek to preserve things as they are, emphasizing stability and continuity, while others oppose modernism...
government closed down many of the mines after a dispute between the government and the National Union of Mineworkers, which is known as the miners' strike
UK miners' strike (1984–1985)
The UK miners' strike was a major industrial action affecting the British coal industry. It was a defining moment in British industrial relations, and its defeat significantly weakened the British trades union movement...
.
The strike began when the government reneged on previous declarations and announced the closure of the majority of pits due to unprofitability and inefficiency. The strike lasted for a year between 1984 and 1985. The strike was observed by approximately 70% of miners in North East Derbyshire. It caused massive social upheaval as traditionally close-knit communities became divided between those who worked and those who didn't. Striking miners went unpaid and were not entitled to state welfare benefits, meaning that thousands of families relied on handouts and poverty became rife.
The strike was resolved by the spring of 1985, when the government effectively defeated the NUM and continued its policy of mine closures. The closure of the pits resulted in the closure of many associated industries, which decimated the local communities. Many former pit villages have struggled to recover. There are now no deep pit mines left in North East Derbyshire.
Regeneration
Following the closure of the pits there were large areas of the district left derelictDerelict
Derelict or dereliction commonly refers to:* Abandonment of property, then referred to as a 'derelict'* Derelict , property which has been abandoned and deserted at sea by those who were in charge without any hope of recovering it...
, with old mine workings and spoil tips from the last 150 years of industrialisation
Industrialisation
Industrialization is the process of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial one...
. Over the last few years these sites have been re mediated and regenerated by open cast mining the remaining surface deposits and reclamation of coal from the old spoil heaps. The sites have then being restored as a mix of parkland
Park
A park is a protected area, in its natural or semi-natural state, or planted, and set aside for human recreation and enjoyment, or for the protection of wildlife or natural habitats. It may consist of rocks, soil, water, flora and fauna and grass areas. Many parks are legally protected by...
, business parks and housing sites. A lot of the work being part funded by EEC Coalfield community regeneration grants, to provide money to help clean up the environmental
Environmental degradation
Environmental degradation is the deterioration of the environment through depletion of resources such as air, water and soil; the destruction of ecosystems and the extinction of wildlife...
legacy and fund the creation of job opportunities by providing the infrastructure for developments. This has resulted in several large and some smaller business parks, now providing jobs for thousands of people. But not of the same skill level of the old engineering jobs lost. A lot being warehousing and distribution
Distribution (business)
Product distribution is one of the four elements of the marketing mix. An organization or set of organizations involved in the process of making a product or service available for use or consumption by a consumer or business user.The other three parts of the marketing mix are product, pricing,...
, as opposed to the old engineering trades.