North South Pipeline
Encyclopedia
The North–South Pipeline, also known as the Sugarloaf Pipeline, is a water pipeline
in Central Victoria
, Australia, northeast of Melbourne. The pipeline was intended by the Labor state government to be an integral part of Victoria's water system, acting as a link between Melbourne's water grid and the Murray-Goulburn water grid, supplying water via a series of existing and proposed pipelines. However, the new Liberal Premier, Ted Baillieu, has declared that his government will shut down the pipeline.
The North–South Pipeline was presented through the late 2000s as being part of the Victorian Government's "Our Water, Our Future", which included other major projects such as the Wonthaggi desalination plant, the Cardinia Pipeline and a proposed interconnector to Geelong
.
The pipeline runs between a location on the Goulburn River
, near Yea
and heads south towards the Sugarloaf Reservoir
north-east of Melbourne, along the Melba Highway
. The Goulburn River is a tributary of the Murray Darling river system and major agricultural region, whilst Sugarloaf Reservoir is a major storage reservoir for Melbourne's water supply. The pipeline will cost $750 million and will be financed under a Public-Private Partnership (PPP).
The pipeline was expected to be able to add up to 75 billion litres annually to Melbourne's water supply, roughly one third of the 225 billion litres proposed to be saved by Irrigation and Modernisation plans and projects in northern Victoria's Murray-Goulburn Irrigation District. The 225 gigalitres in savings is intended to be split 75 to Melbourne, 75 to irrigators and 75 to the watercourses themselves.
The Goulburn is Victoria's largest river, accounting for an average annual flow of 2,847 GL per annum. Of this, about 700 GL is used within the Goulburn basin, & a further 850 GL transferred to irrigation areas outside the basin. After transmission losses of about 670 GL, a net outflow from the basin to the Murray of 350 GL remains. The population of the basin from this source is given as 100,000. Including Shepparton, Echuca and the tributary Broken catchment- it is estimated at 250,000.
The notion of diverting water out of the Murray Darling Basin to provide urban water supply has stirred emotions among country and city residents. Diverting water between basins is not new however. The Snowy River flows were diverted from its own catchment to the Murray Darling Basin in earlier decades. This source supplies 2,100 GL of water for generating power and providing irrigation water. This compares with the 75 GL contested water savings to be diverted out of the Basin for urban use.
The population of Metropolitan Melbourne is approaching four million, accounting for 70% of the population of the State of Victoria.. Although most people in Victoria live in Melbourne, the city only uses 8% of the regulated surface water, the major portion going to irrigation supply. As of September 2009, Melbourne's water storages were less than 30% full prior to the onset of the drier summer period. This situation had generally worsened over the course of previous twelve years. Inflows into Melbourne's storages over that twelve-year period averaged almost 40% less than the previous long-term average.
As of 2009, consumption in Melbourne was about 450 GL /year. With decreasing inflows to its water catchments and continuing population growth, a shortfall of supply of up to 200 GL / year is anticipated by 2055. A number of strategies have been proposed, including reducing individual consumer demand, recycling "grey" water and sewerage, various means of conservation, and sourcing additional water from elsewhere: including the Goulburn River and Kilcunda desalination plant. The strategy proposes to meet the projected shortfall of demand over existing supply 42% from conservation, and 53% from additional sources.
South-eastern Australia has been experiencing widespread drought
for the last 10–15 years that has been linked to human-induced climate change
. This has impacted upon rainfall in the region. The amount of water in Melbourne's water storage dams has been decreasing for 11 years, since 1998, as a result of the latest cyclical drought, and restrictions on the use of water have been in place for much of that time.
In June 2007, the Victorian Government released their water plan, Our Water Our Future. As part of this plan, the government announced its intention to develop a seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant and construct a pipeline to augment Melbourne's water supply, as well as other regional supply systems. With the completion of the pipeline and desalination plant, it is anticipated that certain water restrictions will be removed.
, near Yea (37.163793°S 145.423265°E) and heads in a south-southeast direction towards the Sugarloaf Reservoir (37.669436°S 145.307944°E) northeast of Melbourne. The route travels roughly alongside the Melba Highway
, southwards, until it splits in its direction towards the Cardinia Reservoir.
The pipeline's route cuts through parts of the Kinglake National Park and Toolangi State Forest.
The Federal Opposition, Victorian Liberal Party
, the National Party
, and the Australian Greens
opposed the pipeline, with these objections detailed in the minority (dissenting) report section for the Water Amendment Bill 2008 (Saving the Goulburn and Murray Rivers), which also highlighted the many objections to the pipeline in the majority of submissions to the Senate Inquiry. Groups such as Plug the Pipe and the Victorian Farmers Federation and Watershed Victoria, also opposed the pipeline.
Greenhouse gas emissions over a 100 year life are estimated at 13.3 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent
http://www.dse.vic.gov.au/CA256F310024B628/0/7E24A38BA0A1C0B5CA25749C0010B39A/$File/Sugarloaf+Interconnector+Pipeline+AC+Report+-+Body.pdf, the vast majority of which is generated by pumping water over the Great Dividing Range
. The pipeline operator, Melbourne Water, has indicated that it will use renewable energy for pumping to reduce the greenhouse impact.
On 20 October 2006 the Victorian Premier released a report "The Central Region Sustainable Water Strategy" in which the government claimed it wasn't viable to take water from the Goulburn Valley
to Melbourne. The CSIRO has since released several reports of a similar opinion and has commented on the detrimental effect such a diversion may have on both the environment and the agricultural production.
Victorian Premier, Mr Brumby, has responded to criticisms saying, "Our estimates on the Food Bowl are actually quite conservative … Even in the dry years you've got 690 gigalitres of water lost," he said. "I'm more convinced than ever it's the right project."http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/review-to-guide-murraydarling-water-deals/2008/05/19/1211182704302.html On 4 January 2010, The Age newspaper published an analysis showing that "Melbourne may never need water from the controversial north–south pipeline, with a stocktake showing existing storages and minimal rainfall should easily supply the city beyond the start of the desalination plant next year."
In the Victorian state election in November 2010 a new government led by the Liberal Party's Ted Baillieu was elected. Baillieu has declared that his government will shut down the pipeline.
As The Age reported; "A spokesman for Water Minister Tim Holding said the audited savings would be released "shortly", but neither he nor the Department of Sustainability and Environment could offer a specific reason for the delay."
In June, Friends of the Earth (FoE) released its report Out of sight, out of mind?. The group's assessment of the ecological impacts of the North South pipeline claimed that a 12 kilometre long, 30 metre wide corridor cleared through the Toolangi State Forest had affected at least four Special Protection Zones (SPZ).
The Sugarloaf Pipeline Alliance prepared a compliance report on the pipeline which concluded that the known or possible habitats of a number of vulnerable species, including Matted Flax-lily, the Golden Sun Moth, Striped Legless Lizard, and Growling Grass Frog
had been compromised during the construction of the pipeline.
Pipeline transport
Pipeline transport is the transportation of goods through a pipe. Most commonly, liquids and gases are sent, but pneumatic tubes that transport solid capsules using compressed air are also used....
in Central Victoria
Victoria (Australia)
Victoria is the second most populous state in Australia. Geographically the smallest mainland state, Victoria is bordered by New South Wales, South Australia, and Tasmania on Boundary Islet to the north, west and south respectively....
, Australia, northeast of Melbourne. The pipeline was intended by the Labor state government to be an integral part of Victoria's water system, acting as a link between Melbourne's water grid and the Murray-Goulburn water grid, supplying water via a series of existing and proposed pipelines. However, the new Liberal Premier, Ted Baillieu, has declared that his government will shut down the pipeline.
The North–South Pipeline was presented through the late 2000s as being part of the Victorian Government's "Our Water, Our Future", which included other major projects such as the Wonthaggi desalination plant, the Cardinia Pipeline and a proposed interconnector to Geelong
Geelong, Victoria
Geelong is a port city located on Corio Bay and the Barwon River, in the state of Victoria, Australia, south-west of the state capital; Melbourne. It is the second most populated city in Victoria and the fifth most populated non-capital city in Australia...
.
The pipeline runs between a location on the Goulburn River
Goulburn River (Victoria)
The Goulburn River is a major inland river in Victoria, Australia.The headwaters of the Goulburn River rise in the western end of the Victoria Alps, near Mount Buller. The Eildon Dam creates Lake Eildon, a major storage of water for irrigation...
, near Yea
Yea, Victoria
Yea is a town in Victoria, Australia. It is in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area. Located north-east of Melbourne via the Melba Highway, Yea sits at the junction with the Goulburn Valley Highway, and above sea-level. At the 2006 Census, Yea had a population of 1,052.- History :The...
and heads south towards the Sugarloaf Reservoir
Sugarloaf Reservoir
Sugarloaf Reservoir is a reservoir located north-east of Melbourne. It was completed in 1981. Its total capacity is 96 GL. As of February 12, 2010 the reservoir sits at 67.1% of capacity. It reached nearly 80% in late 2009 after reaching nearly 10% in May...
north-east of Melbourne, along the Melba Highway
Melba Highway
The Melba Highway connects the outer eastern suburb of Coldstream, near Lilydale, and the town of Yea, in Victoria's Central Highlands on the Goulburn Valley Highway.-Route:...
. The Goulburn River is a tributary of the Murray Darling river system and major agricultural region, whilst Sugarloaf Reservoir is a major storage reservoir for Melbourne's water supply. The pipeline will cost $750 million and will be financed under a Public-Private Partnership (PPP).
The pipeline was expected to be able to add up to 75 billion litres annually to Melbourne's water supply, roughly one third of the 225 billion litres proposed to be saved by Irrigation and Modernisation plans and projects in northern Victoria's Murray-Goulburn Irrigation District. The 225 gigalitres in savings is intended to be split 75 to Melbourne, 75 to irrigators and 75 to the watercourses themselves.
Context
In 2007, the Victorian Government announced the "Foodbowl Modernisation Plan" to save 225 gigalitres (GL) of water through a $1 billion investment in the Murray–Goulburn Gravity Irrigation Districts. This was later increased to $2 billion with another 200 GL of savings identified.The Goulburn is Victoria's largest river, accounting for an average annual flow of 2,847 GL per annum. Of this, about 700 GL is used within the Goulburn basin, & a further 850 GL transferred to irrigation areas outside the basin. After transmission losses of about 670 GL, a net outflow from the basin to the Murray of 350 GL remains. The population of the basin from this source is given as 100,000. Including Shepparton, Echuca and the tributary Broken catchment- it is estimated at 250,000.
The notion of diverting water out of the Murray Darling Basin to provide urban water supply has stirred emotions among country and city residents. Diverting water between basins is not new however. The Snowy River flows were diverted from its own catchment to the Murray Darling Basin in earlier decades. This source supplies 2,100 GL of water for generating power and providing irrigation water. This compares with the 75 GL contested water savings to be diverted out of the Basin for urban use.
The population of Metropolitan Melbourne is approaching four million, accounting for 70% of the population of the State of Victoria.. Although most people in Victoria live in Melbourne, the city only uses 8% of the regulated surface water, the major portion going to irrigation supply. As of September 2009, Melbourne's water storages were less than 30% full prior to the onset of the drier summer period. This situation had generally worsened over the course of previous twelve years. Inflows into Melbourne's storages over that twelve-year period averaged almost 40% less than the previous long-term average.
As of 2009, consumption in Melbourne was about 450 GL /year. With decreasing inflows to its water catchments and continuing population growth, a shortfall of supply of up to 200 GL / year is anticipated by 2055. A number of strategies have been proposed, including reducing individual consumer demand, recycling "grey" water and sewerage, various means of conservation, and sourcing additional water from elsewhere: including the Goulburn River and Kilcunda desalination plant. The strategy proposes to meet the projected shortfall of demand over existing supply 42% from conservation, and 53% from additional sources.
South-eastern Australia has been experiencing widespread drought
Drought in Australia
Drought in Australia is defined as rainfall over a three month period being in the lowest decile of what has been recorded for that region in the past. This definition takes into account that drought is a relative term and rainfall deficiencies need to be compared to typical rainfall patterns...
for the last 10–15 years that has been linked to human-induced climate change
Climate change
Climate change is a significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It may be a change in average weather conditions or the distribution of events around that average...
. This has impacted upon rainfall in the region. The amount of water in Melbourne's water storage dams has been decreasing for 11 years, since 1998, as a result of the latest cyclical drought, and restrictions on the use of water have been in place for much of that time.
In June 2007, the Victorian Government released their water plan, Our Water Our Future. As part of this plan, the government announced its intention to develop a seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant and construct a pipeline to augment Melbourne's water supply, as well as other regional supply systems. With the completion of the pipeline and desalination plant, it is anticipated that certain water restrictions will be removed.
Route
The pipeline traverses a distance of approximately 70km from a location on the Goulburn RiverGoulburn River (Victoria)
The Goulburn River is a major inland river in Victoria, Australia.The headwaters of the Goulburn River rise in the western end of the Victoria Alps, near Mount Buller. The Eildon Dam creates Lake Eildon, a major storage of water for irrigation...
, near Yea (37.163793°S 145.423265°E) and heads in a south-southeast direction towards the Sugarloaf Reservoir (37.669436°S 145.307944°E) northeast of Melbourne. The route travels roughly alongside the Melba Highway
Melba Highway
The Melba Highway connects the outer eastern suburb of Coldstream, near Lilydale, and the town of Yea, in Victoria's Central Highlands on the Goulburn Valley Highway.-Route:...
, southwards, until it splits in its direction towards the Cardinia Reservoir.
The pipeline's route cuts through parts of the Kinglake National Park and Toolangi State Forest.
Criticism and opposition
The –South Pipeline has been criticised by environmental groups, irrigators and communities directly affected by the pipeline, some suggesting that the project is politically influenced and founded on an incorrect interpretation of available data.The Federal Opposition, Victorian Liberal Party
Liberal Party of Australia
The Liberal Party of Australia is an Australian political party.Founded a year after the 1943 federal election to replace the United Australia Party, the centre-right Liberal Party typically competes with the centre-left Australian Labor Party for political office...
, the National Party
National Party of Australia
The National Party of Australia is an Australian political party.Traditionally representing graziers, farmers and rural voters generally, it began as the The Country Party, but adopted the name The National Country Party in 1975, changed to The National Party of Australia in 1982. The party is...
, and the Australian Greens
Australian Greens
The Australian Greens, commonly known as The Greens, is an Australian green political party.The party was formed in 1992; however, its origins can be traced to the early environmental movement in Australia and the formation of the United Tasmania Group , the first Green party in the world, which...
opposed the pipeline, with these objections detailed in the minority (dissenting) report section for the Water Amendment Bill 2008 (Saving the Goulburn and Murray Rivers), which also highlighted the many objections to the pipeline in the majority of submissions to the Senate Inquiry. Groups such as Plug the Pipe and the Victorian Farmers Federation and Watershed Victoria, also opposed the pipeline.
Greenhouse gas emissions over a 100 year life are estimated at 13.3 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent
Carbon dioxide equivalent
Carbon dioxide equivalent and Equivalent carbon dioxide are two related but distinct measures for describing how much global warming a given type and amount of greenhouse gas may cause, using the functionally equivalent amount or concentration of carbon dioxide as the reference.- Global warming...
http://www.dse.vic.gov.au/CA256F310024B628/0/7E24A38BA0A1C0B5CA25749C0010B39A/$File/Sugarloaf+Interconnector+Pipeline+AC+Report+-+Body.pdf, the vast majority of which is generated by pumping water over the Great Dividing Range
Great Dividing Range
The Great Dividing Range, or the Eastern Highlands, is Australia's most substantial mountain range and the third longest in the world. The range stretches more than 3,500 km from Dauan Island off the northeastern tip of Queensland, running the entire length of the eastern coastline through...
. The pipeline operator, Melbourne Water, has indicated that it will use renewable energy for pumping to reduce the greenhouse impact.
On 20 October 2006 the Victorian Premier released a report "The Central Region Sustainable Water Strategy" in which the government claimed it wasn't viable to take water from the Goulburn Valley
Goulburn Valley
The Goulburn Valley is a region of Victoria, Australia. The region consists of those areas in the catchment of the Goulburn River and other nearby streams, and is part of the Murray-Darling Basin. The Goulburn Valley is bordered on the south by the Great Dividing Range and to the north by the...
to Melbourne. The CSIRO has since released several reports of a similar opinion and has commented on the detrimental effect such a diversion may have on both the environment and the agricultural production.
Victorian Premier, Mr Brumby, has responded to criticisms saying, "Our estimates on the Food Bowl are actually quite conservative … Even in the dry years you've got 690 gigalitres of water lost," he said. "I'm more convinced than ever it's the right project."http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/review-to-guide-murraydarling-water-deals/2008/05/19/1211182704302.html On 4 January 2010, The Age newspaper published an analysis showing that "Melbourne may never need water from the controversial north–south pipeline, with a stocktake showing existing storages and minimal rainfall should easily supply the city beyond the start of the desalination plant next year."
In the Victorian state election in November 2010 a new government led by the Liberal Party's Ted Baillieu was elected. Baillieu has declared that his government will shut down the pipeline.
Statistics withheld
Statistics relating to water saved by irrigation upgrades in the Goulburn-Murray district for the year to June 2009 were expected to be released by the State Government by the end of the year (December 31, 2009). However, by January 1, 2010, the "Our Water Our Future" website still displayed the message that the savings would be released "before the end of 2009".As The Age reported; "A spokesman for Water Minister Tim Holding said the audited savings would be released "shortly", but neither he nor the Department of Sustainability and Environment could offer a specific reason for the delay."
Environmental effects
The Federal Government set conditions on construction of the pipeline under the Environmental Protection Biodiversity Conservation (EPBC) Act.In June, Friends of the Earth (FoE) released its report Out of sight, out of mind?. The group's assessment of the ecological impacts of the North South pipeline claimed that a 12 kilometre long, 30 metre wide corridor cleared through the Toolangi State Forest had affected at least four Special Protection Zones (SPZ).
The Sugarloaf Pipeline Alliance prepared a compliance report on the pipeline which concluded that the known or possible habitats of a number of vulnerable species, including Matted Flax-lily, the Golden Sun Moth, Striped Legless Lizard, and Growling Grass Frog
Growling Grass Frog
The Growling Grass Frog , also commonly known as the Southern Bell Frog, Warty Swamp Frog and erroneously as the Green Frog is a species of ground dwelling tree frog is native to South eastern Australia; ranging from southern South Australia along the Murray River though Victoria to New South...
had been compromised during the construction of the pipeline.
2006
- October 20 – report released by the State Government "The Central Region Sustainable Water Strategy", which suggested it was not viable to take water from the Goulburn Valley to Melbourne.
2007
- The "Foodbowl Modernisation Plan" is announced by the State Government.
- June – the Victorian Government announces their intention to build the North–South Pipeline as part of the Our Water Our Future water plan.
2009
- December 31 – Water savings from the Goulburn-Murray district irrigation upgrades expected to be released are withheld without explanation.
2010
- February 10 – Pipeline is turned on at Sugarloaf Reservoir.
- September 7 – Due to heavy Spring rains, flows through the pipeline have been temporally suspended.http://www.melbournewater.com.au/content/news_and_events/media_releases/media_releases/20100907.asp
External links
- http://www.sugarloafpipeline.com.au/
- http://www.ourwater.vic.gov.au/programs/irrigation-renewal/nvirp
- http://www.melbournewater.com.au/content/current_projects/water_supply/sugarloaf_pipeline_project/sugarloaf_pipeline_project.asp