Northern Liao
Encyclopedia
Northern Liao was a state created by the Khitans, separated from the Liao Dynasty
, in northern China around Nanjing (today's Beijing
) and Zhongjing (today's Ningcheng
). It only existed for about nine months in 1122-1123.
When the Emperor Tianzuo of Liao fled to the west under the military pressure of the Jin Dynasty, he appointed Yelü Chun (1062–1122, a grandson of Emperor Xingzong of Liao
), Prince of Yan, as the Governor of Nanjing (Nanjing Liushou) (should not be confused with today's Nanjing
). Yelü Chun was enthroned as the Emperor Tianxi in March 1122 (Chinese calendar), when the communication with Emperor Tianzuo was lost. Since Liao Dynasty
of the Emperor Tianzuo still existed, the state at Nanjing was called as Northern Liao by historians.
Yelü Chun's era name was Jianfu. He defeated the attack of the Song
army, led by Tong Guan
. He died in June 1122 (Chinese calendar), with temple name
Xuanzong and posthumous name
Xiaozhang.
Yelü Chun was succeeded nominally by Prince of Qin, Yelü Ding. However, since Yelü Ding was never able to come to Nanjing, the real power fell to Empress Dowager De (of family Xiao), with the new era name Dexing. In December (Chinese calendar, probably in 1123), the garrison of Nanjing surrendered to the Jin army, ending the brief existence of Northern Liao. Xiao De fled to Emperor Tianzuo, only to be killed by him.
Liao Dynasty
The Liao Dynasty , also known as the Khitan Empire was an empire in East Asia that ruled over the regions of Manchuria, Mongolia, and parts of northern China proper between 9071125...
, in northern China around Nanjing (today's Beijing
Beijing
Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...
) and Zhongjing (today's Ningcheng
Ningcheng County
Ningcheng County is a county of southeastern Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China, bordering Liaoning province to the east. It is under the administration of Chifeng City.-References:*...
). It only existed for about nine months in 1122-1123.
When the Emperor Tianzuo of Liao fled to the west under the military pressure of the Jin Dynasty, he appointed Yelü Chun (1062–1122, a grandson of Emperor Xingzong of Liao
Emperor Xingzong of Liao
Emperor Xingzong of Liao , born Yelü Zongzhen , was an emperor of the Liao Dynasty. He reigned from 25 June 1031 to 28 August 1055....
), Prince of Yan, as the Governor of Nanjing (Nanjing Liushou) (should not be confused with today's Nanjing
Nanjing
' is the capital of Jiangsu province in China and has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having been the capital of China on several occasions...
). Yelü Chun was enthroned as the Emperor Tianxi in March 1122 (Chinese calendar), when the communication with Emperor Tianzuo was lost. Since Liao Dynasty
Liao Dynasty
The Liao Dynasty , also known as the Khitan Empire was an empire in East Asia that ruled over the regions of Manchuria, Mongolia, and parts of northern China proper between 9071125...
of the Emperor Tianzuo still existed, the state at Nanjing was called as Northern Liao by historians.
Yelü Chun's era name was Jianfu. He defeated the attack of the Song
Song
In music, a song is a composition for voice or voices, performed by singing.A song may be accompanied by musical instruments, or it may be unaccompanied, as in the case of a cappella songs...
army, led by Tong Guan
Tong Guan
Tong Guan , style name Daofu , was a court eunuch, military general, political adviser, and Council of State to Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty. In the Water Margin, one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature, Tong Guan is featured as an antagonist and enemy of the 108...
. He died in June 1122 (Chinese calendar), with temple name
Temple name
Temple names are commonly used when naming most Chinese, Korean , and Vietnamese royalty. They should not be confused with era names. Compared to posthumous names, the use of temple names is more exclusive...
Xuanzong and posthumous name
Posthumous name
A posthumous name is an honorary name given to royalty, nobles, and sometimes others, in East Asia after the person's death, and is used almost exclusively instead of one's personal name or other official titles during his life...
Xiaozhang.
Yelü Chun was succeeded nominally by Prince of Qin, Yelü Ding. However, since Yelü Ding was never able to come to Nanjing, the real power fell to Empress Dowager De (of family Xiao), with the new era name Dexing. In December (Chinese calendar, probably in 1123), the garrison of Nanjing surrendered to the Jin army, ending the brief existence of Northern Liao. Xiao De fled to Emperor Tianzuo, only to be killed by him.
Emperors
| Temple Names ( Miao Hao 廟號 miàohào) | Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號 shìhào) | Birth Names | Period of Reigns | Era Names (Nian Hao 年號 niánhào) and their according range of years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Xuanzong (宣宗) | 天锡皇帝 | Yelü Chun (耶律淳) | 1122 | Jianfu (建福) |
| None | None | Yelü Yali (耶律雅里) | 1123 | Shenli (神历) |
| Yingzong (英宗) | None | Yelü Jing (耶律术烈) | 1123 | None |