The Norwegian Chess Championship (NM i sjakk) is an annual tournament held in Norway

Norway

Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...

 during the month of July, in order to determine the national chess

Chess

Chess is a two-player board game played on a chessboard, a square-checkered board with 64 squares arranged in an eight-by-eight grid. It is one of the world's most popular games, played by millions of people worldwide at home, in clubs, online, by correspondence, and in tournaments.Each player...

 champion. The tournament is held at different venues each year as part of the Landsturnering (National tournament). Clubs may bid for this tournament, and is awarded by the Norwegian Chess Federation.

Rules for participation and other classes

The rules for participation are governed by the Norwegian Chess Federation.

The championship ("Elite") section is closed to the top rated players. In order to play for the most prestigious title of national chess champion, the player must meet at least one of the following criteria:

• Won the Norwegian Championship in one of the three preceding years.
• Finished third or better in last year's championship.
• Won the national championship in the Junior section the previous year.
• Finished second or better in the Master section (the second highest section, immediately below Elite) the previous year.
• Made a tournament result which grants or would grant (for players who already have an IM title) a norm for the title of International Master during the previous year.
• Have a sufficiently high Elo rating (as of 2011 this limit is at 2350).
• Been deemed otherwise eligible for participation by the Elite Committee of the Norwegian Chess Federation.

In general, an even number of participants is sought in the championship section to prevent bye

Bye (sports)

A bye, in sports and other competitive activities, most commonly refers to the practice of allowing a player or team to advance to the next round of a playoff tournament without playing...

s from occurring.

However, the Landsturnering has several sections for lower-rated players, as well as sections for different age groups. In general, players must be members of the Norwegian Chess Federation, or a club affiliated with the federation, although exceptions may be made for participation if the person is a member of another national chess federation. To be eligible for a championship title, a player must either be a Norwegian citizen, or been a resident of Norway for the past year.

The current regulations provide for following age categories:

• Senior A (over 60)
• Senior B (over 60, rating under 1500)
• Junior A (under 20)
• Junior B (under 20, rating under 1500)
• Cadet A (under 16)
• Cadet B (under 16, rating under 1250)
• Lilleputt (under 13)
• Miniputt (under 11)

The Senior, Junior and Cadet categories are split into an "A" and "B" group by rating, but are joined together if either of the groups have less than 10 participants. A separate section for Junior B has not been arranged in the last few tournaments, and in 2008 the number of entries for that section was zero.

The rating sections are open for players of all age groups, and are divided into the classes

• Mester (Master) (rating over 2000)
• 1 (rating 1750-1999)
• 2 (rating 1500-1749)
• 3 (rating 1250-1499)
• 4 (rating 1000-1249)
• 5 (players not qualifying for a higher section)

A player cannot be required to play in a higher class than what the last rating list indicates, however a player may elect to play up if a sufficiently high rating was obtained on any of the four official rating lists during the year. In addition, players may elect to play in a higher section if they scored at least 60% in that same class the previous year, if they were in the top 7% of the class below the previous year, or if they won the Norwegian Grand Prix tournament series for the rating class below in the previous year. In addition, winners of the individual circuit championships and the champion of Northern Norway are automatically qualified for play in the Master class, regardless of rating. The top two finishers of the Master class qualify for next year's championship section.

Arrangement

In the past ten years, the championship section has had approximately 20 players. If there are at least 16 players, it is arranged as a nine-round Monrad tournament, a system similar to the Swiss system tournament

Swiss system tournament

A Swiss-system tournament is a commonly used type of tournament where players or teams need to be paired to face each other for several rounds of competition. This type of tournament was first used in a Zurich chess tournament in 1895, hence the name "Swiss system". The Swiss system is used when...

. The official Norwegian Chess Federation policies also allow the tournament to be arranged as a round-robin

Round-robin

The term round-robin was originally used to describe a document signed by multiple parties in a circle to make it more difficult to determine the order in which it was signed, thus preventing a ringleader from being identified...

 with 10 or 12 players.

If two or more players are tied for points at the end of the tournament, the tiebreak rules depend on the section. In most sections of the Landsturnering, the regular rules of tiebreak points in Monrad are used. That is a modified Buchholz system

Buchholz system

The Buchholz system is a ranking system in chess developed by Bruno Buchholz in 1932 in order to determine ranks in a Swiss system tournament where players have the same score...

, first the sum of a player's opponents' scores, except the two weakest, determines the player's tiebreak points. If still tied, the second weakest and then the weakest scores are added to the tiebreak points. If still tied, the Neustadtl score

Neustadtl score

The Neustadtl score is a scoring system often used to break ties in chess tournaments. It is named after Hermann Neustadtl, who proposed it in a letter published in Chess Monthly in 1882....

, that is the sum of defeated opponents' scores plus half of drawn opponents' scores is used.

In the Championship, Junior, Cadet and Senior sections however, a tied score will bring about a play-off for the title within 60 days after the end of the main tournament. If there are two players in the play-off a match of two games with a full time-limit is played, if still tied two and two rapid games of 25 minutes for the game and 10 seconds extra per move are played until there is a winner. If there are three or more players in the play-off a small round-robin is arranged between them.

Past events and champions

This table summarizes all past championship events. The tournament was not arranged in 1928 and 1939 due to Nordic Championships being arranged in Oslo those years, nor was there any event between 1940 and 1944 when Norway was occupied by Nazi Germany.

The number of participants is the number of players in the entire Landsturnering, not just the championship section. The champions are listed along with the club they represented when they won the championship. Titles decided by play-off matches due to equal scores in the main tournament are noted.

Year	City	Champion and club	Participants
1918	Kristiania (Oslo)	Josef Lilja, CS (Christiania Schakselskab)	30
1919	Kristiania (Oslo)	Jac. A. Brekke, CS	30
1920	Kristiania (Oslo)	Jac. A. Brekke, CS	32
1921	Bergen	H. G. Hansen, CS (after play-offs)	27
1922	Kristiania (Oslo)	A. M. Erichsen, CS	30
1923	Kristiania (Oslo)	Jac. A. Brekke, CS	30
1924	Kristiania (Oslo)	Leif F. D. Lund, CS	49
1925	Oslo	Jac. A. Brekke, SK Centrum, Oslo	66
1926	Bergen	H. C. Christoffersen, Drammens SK (after play-offs)	50
1927	Trondheim	H. G. Hansen, OSS (Oslo Schakselskap)	40
1929	Drammen	H. C. Christoffersen, Drammens SK	33
1930	Oslo	Olaf M. Olsen Olaf Barda Olaf Barda , born Olaf M. Olsen, was a Norwegian chess player. He was the first Norwegian awarded the title of International Master, which he received in 1952....  (later Olaf Barda), SK Odin, Oslo (after play-offs)	45
1931	Stavanger	Andreas Gulbrandsen, Moss SK	35
1932	Bergen	Eugen Johnsen, SK Odin	58
1933	Fredrikstad	Trygve Halvorsen, OSS (after play-offs)	48
1934	Hamar	Trygve Halvorsen, OSS	42
1935	Sandefjord	Jørgen Saurén, OSS	48
1936	Oslo	H. C. Christoffersen, Drammens SK	60
1937	Trondheim	Arne S.B. Krogdahl, OSS	31
1938	Grimstad	Oluf Kavlie-Jørgensen, Bergens SK	53
1945	Oslo	Ernst Rojahn, Tønsberg SK (after play-offs)	132
1946	Bergen	Erling Myhre, OSS (after play-offs)	109
1947	Kristiansand	Olaf Barda Olaf Barda Olaf Barda , born Olaf M. Olsen, was a Norwegian chess player. He was the first Norwegian awarded the title of International Master, which he received in 1952.... , OSS	79
1948	Fredrikstad	Olaf Barda Olaf Barda Olaf Barda , born Olaf M. Olsen, was a Norwegian chess player. He was the first Norwegian awarded the title of International Master, which he received in 1952.... , OSS (after play-offs)	96
1949	Oslo	Aage Vestøl Aage Vestøl Aage Vestøl was a Norwegian chess player.Vestøl won the next to the top class at the Norwegian Championships in 1938, and likewise won the next to the top class at the Nordic Championships in 1939. From the end of the Second World War until 1959 Vestøl was Norway's second strongest player, after... , OSS	125
1950	Trondheim	Erling Myhre, OSS	96
1951	Stavanger	Harry Kongshavn, OSS	127
1952	Skien	Olaf Barda Olaf Barda Olaf Barda , born Olaf M. Olsen, was a Norwegian chess player. He was the first Norwegian awarded the title of International Master, which he received in 1952.... , OSS	165
1953	Fredrikstad	Olaf Barda Olaf Barda Olaf Barda , born Olaf M. Olsen, was a Norwegian chess player. He was the first Norwegian awarded the title of International Master, which he received in 1952.... , OSS	160
1954	Drammen	Einar Haave, Stavanger SK	120
1955	Stabekk	Erling Myhre, OSS	113
1956	Steinkjer	Otto B. Morcken, OSS	94
1957	Lillehammer	Olaf Barda Olaf Barda Olaf Barda , born Olaf M. Olsen, was a Norwegian chess player. He was the first Norwegian awarded the title of International Master, which he received in 1952.... , OSS	148
1958	Ålesund	Ernst Rojahn, Tønsberg SK	111
1959	Oslo	Svein Johannessen Svein Johannessen Svein Johannessen was a Norwegian chess player. He became Norway's second International Master, after Olaf Barda, in 1961. He won four Norwegian chess championships, in 1959, 1962, 1970 and 1973.... , OSS	131
1960	Fredrikstad	Daan de Lange, Hamar SS	108
1961	Sandefjord	Per Ofstad, Bergens SK	145
1962	Hamar	Svein Johannessen Svein Johannessen Svein Johannessen was a Norwegian chess player. He became Norway's second International Master, after Olaf Barda, in 1961. He won four Norwegian chess championships, in 1959, 1962, 1970 and 1973.... , OSS	174
1963	Moss	Ragnar Hoen, OSS	156
1964	Oslo	Arne Zwaig Arne Zwaig Arne Zwaig is a Norwegian chess player who holds the title of International Master. He won the Norwegian chess championship in 1964 and 1969.... , OSS	143
1965	Mosjøen	Arne V. Gulbrandsen, OSS	112
1966	Bodø	Paul Svedenborg Paul Svedenborg Paul Svedenborg is a Norwegian chess player who won the Norwegian Chess Championship twice, in 1966 and 1967, representing the chess club in Narvik... , Narvik SK	160
1967	Bergen	Paul Svedenborg Paul Svedenborg Paul Svedenborg is a Norwegian chess player who won the Norwegian Chess Championship twice, in 1966 and 1967, representing the chess club in Narvik... , Narvik SK	130
1968	Oslo	Arne V. Gulbrandsen, OSS	202
1969	Hamar	Arne Zwaig Arne Zwaig Arne Zwaig is a Norwegian chess player who holds the title of International Master. He won the Norwegian chess championship in 1964 and 1969.... , OSS	178
1970	Kristiansund	Svein Johannessen Svein Johannessen Svein Johannessen was a Norwegian chess player. He became Norway's second International Master, after Olaf Barda, in 1961. He won four Norwegian chess championships, in 1959, 1962, 1970 and 1973.... , OSS	156
1971	Skien	Terje Wibe, OSS (after play-offs)	214
1972	Røros	Erling Kristiansen	270
1973	Sandnes	Svein Johannessen Svein Johannessen Svein Johannessen was a Norwegian chess player. He became Norway's second International Master, after Olaf Barda, in 1961. He won four Norwegian chess championships, in 1959, 1962, 1970 and 1973.... , SK Fischer	326
1974	Sandefjord	Leif Øgaard Leif Øgaard Leif Øgaard is a Norwegian chess player. He is ninth Norwegian to achieve the title of Grandmaster. Øgaard has won the Norwegian Chess Championship five times, in 1974, 1975, 1979, 1985 and 1993. He gained his IM title in 1974. In 1981 and 1982, Øgaard won two tournaments at Gausdal, each netting... , OSS	378
1975	Oslo	Leif Øgaard Leif Øgaard Leif Øgaard is a Norwegian chess player. He is ninth Norwegian to achieve the title of Grandmaster. Øgaard has won the Norwegian Chess Championship five times, in 1974, 1975, 1979, 1985 and 1993. He gained his IM title in 1974. In 1981 and 1982, Øgaard won two tournaments at Gausdal, each netting... , OSS	327
1976	Harstad	Knut J. Helmers, SK Stjernen	215
1977	Bergen	Knut J. Helmers, SK Stjernen	330
1978	Risør	Ragnar Hoen, OSS	375
1979	Molde	Leif Øgaard Leif Øgaard Leif Øgaard is a Norwegian chess player. He is ninth Norwegian to achieve the title of Grandmaster. Øgaard has won the Norwegian Chess Championship five times, in 1974, 1975, 1979, 1985 and 1993. He gained his IM title in 1974. In 1981 and 1982, Øgaard won two tournaments at Gausdal, each netting... , OSS	419
1980	Oslo	Sverre Heim, Akademisk SK	546
1981	Kirkenes	Ragnar Hoen, OSS	226
1982	Lillehammer	Simen Agdestein Simen Agdestein Simen Agdestein is a Norwegian chess grandmaster and ex-football star. He has won seven Norwegian chess championships, including the 2005 title.... , Asker SK (after play-offs)	417
1983	Trondheim	Bjørn Tiller, OSS	377
1984	Oslo	Berge Østenstad Berge Østenstad Berge Østenstad is a Norwegian chess player and Norway's sixth International Grandmaster. Østenstad plays for the chess club in Asker. He appears on the official FIDE rating list as "Ostenstad, Berge".... , Asker SK	427
1985	Gausdal	Leif Øgaard Leif Øgaard Leif Øgaard is a Norwegian chess player. He is ninth Norwegian to achieve the title of Grandmaster. Øgaard has won the Norwegian Chess Championship five times, in 1974, 1975, 1979, 1985 and 1993. He gained his IM title in 1974. In 1981 and 1982, Øgaard won two tournaments at Gausdal, each netting... , Brugata SK	299
1986	Steinkjer	Simen Agdestein Simen Agdestein Simen Agdestein is a Norwegian chess grandmaster and ex-football star. He has won seven Norwegian chess championships, including the 2005 title.... , OSS	297
1987	Kristiansand	Jonathan Tisdall Jonathan Tisdall Jonathan D. Tisdall is a grandmaster of chess and works as a freelance journalist. An American citizen by origin, he became Irish and later Norwegian. His father is Irish and his mother is Japanese.He was Norwegian Chess Champion in 1987, 1991, and 1995... , Brugata SK (after play-offs)	437
1988	Asker	Simen Agdestein Simen Agdestein Simen Agdestein is a Norwegian chess grandmaster and ex-football star. He has won seven Norwegian chess championships, including the 2005 title.... , OSS	564
1989	Randaberg	Simen Agdestein Simen Agdestein Simen Agdestein is a Norwegian chess grandmaster and ex-football star. He has won seven Norwegian chess championships, including the 2005 title.... , OSS	446
1990	Brønnøysund	Berge Østenstad Berge Østenstad Berge Østenstad is a Norwegian chess player and Norway's sixth International Grandmaster. Østenstad plays for the chess club in Asker. He appears on the official FIDE rating list as "Ostenstad, Berge".... , Asker SK	334
1991	Gjøvik	Jonathan Tisdall Jonathan Tisdall Jonathan D. Tisdall is a grandmaster of chess and works as a freelance journalist. An American citizen by origin, he became Irish and later Norwegian. His father is Irish and his mother is Japanese.He was Norwegian Chess Champion in 1987, 1991, and 1995... , Brugata SK	587
1992	Kristiansund	Einar Gausel Einar Gausel Einar Johan Gausel is a Norwegian chess player and Norway's third International Grandmaster since 1995.Gausel has won three Norwegian chess championships, in 1992, 1996 and 2001.... , OSS	463
1993	Oslo	Leif Øgaard Leif Øgaard Leif Øgaard is a Norwegian chess player. He is ninth Norwegian to achieve the title of Grandmaster. Øgaard has won the Norwegian Chess Championship five times, in 1974, 1975, 1979, 1985 and 1993. He gained his IM title in 1974. In 1981 and 1982, Øgaard won two tournaments at Gausdal, each netting... , OSS	588
1994	Drammen	Berge Østenstad Berge Østenstad Berge Østenstad is a Norwegian chess player and Norway's sixth International Grandmaster. Østenstad plays for the chess club in Asker. He appears on the official FIDE rating list as "Ostenstad, Berge".... , Asker SK	519
1995	Namsos	Jonathan Tisdall Jonathan Tisdall Jonathan D. Tisdall is a grandmaster of chess and works as a freelance journalist. An American citizen by origin, he became Irish and later Norwegian. His father is Irish and his mother is Japanese.He was Norwegian Chess Champion in 1987, 1991, and 1995... , Nordstrand SK	433
1996	Alta	Einar Gausel Einar Gausel Einar Johan Gausel is a Norwegian chess player and Norway's third International Grandmaster since 1995.Gausel has won three Norwegian chess championships, in 1992, 1996 and 2001.... , OSS	299
1997	Stavanger	Berge Østenstad Berge Østenstad Berge Østenstad is a Norwegian chess player and Norway's sixth International Grandmaster. Østenstad plays for the chess club in Asker. He appears on the official FIDE rating list as "Ostenstad, Berge".... , Asker SK	486
1998	Oslo	Roy H. Fyllingen, Bergens SK	537
1999	Gausdal	Berge Østenstad Berge Østenstad Berge Østenstad is a Norwegian chess player and Norway's sixth International Grandmaster. Østenstad plays for the chess club in Asker. He appears on the official FIDE rating list as "Ostenstad, Berge".... , Asker SK (after play-offs)	414
2000	Asker	Simen Agdestein Simen Agdestein Simen Agdestein is a Norwegian chess grandmaster and ex-football star. He has won seven Norwegian chess championships, including the 2005 title.... , NTG (after play-offs)	427
2001	Kristiansund	Einar Gausel Einar Gausel Einar Johan Gausel is a Norwegian chess player and Norway's third International Grandmaster since 1995.Gausel has won three Norwegian chess championships, in 1992, 1996 and 2001.... , OSS	420
2002	Røros	Simen Agdestein Simen Agdestein Simen Agdestein is a Norwegian chess grandmaster and ex-football star. He has won seven Norwegian chess championships, including the 2005 title.... , NTG	549
2003	Fredrikstad	Berge Østenstad Berge Østenstad Berge Østenstad is a Norwegian chess player and Norway's sixth International Grandmaster. Østenstad plays for the chess club in Asker. He appears on the official FIDE rating list as "Ostenstad, Berge".... , Asker SK	623
2004	Molde	Berge Østenstad Berge Østenstad Berge Østenstad is a Norwegian chess player and Norway's sixth International Grandmaster. Østenstad plays for the chess club in Asker. He appears on the official FIDE rating list as "Ostenstad, Berge".... , Asker SK (after play-offs)	520
2005	Sandnes	Simen Agdestein Simen Agdestein Simen Agdestein is a Norwegian chess grandmaster and ex-football star. He has won seven Norwegian chess championships, including the 2005 title.... , NTG (after play-offs)	583
2006	Moss (Mossehallen)	Magnus Carlsen Magnus Carlsen Sven Magnus Øen Carlsen is a Norwegian chess Grandmaster and chess prodigy who is currently the number-one ranked player in the world. In January 2010 he became the seventh player ranked number one in the world on the official FIDE rating list... , NTG (after play-offs)	533
2007	Hamar (Scandic Hotel)	Espen Lie Espen Lie Espen Lie is a Norwegian chess player who currently holds the title of International Master, and was the Norwegian Chess Champion for 2007. He is the younger brother of GM Kjetil A. Lie... , Porsgrunn (after play-offs)	501
2008	Tønsberg (Slagenhallen)	Frode Elsness Frode Elsness Frode Elsness is a Norwegian chess player who holds the title of International Master, as well as the 2008 Norwegian Chess Championship. Elsness plays for the chess club in Moss. He has represented Norway three times in the Chess Olympiad, 1996 , 2000 and 2004... , Moss (after play-offs)	471
2009	Bergen (Haukelandshallen Haukelandshallen Haukelandshallen is an indoor sport arena in Årstad borough, Bergen, Norway. It holds 5,000 people. The arena hosts mainly team handball matches, is the home arena for Tertnes IL and hosted the 2008 European Men's Handball Championship. The basketball team Ulriken Eagles also plays there.... )	Kjetil Aleksander Lie Kjetil Aleksander Lie Kjetil Aleksander Lie is a Norwegian chess player, and Norway's eighth International Grandmaster . Lie is the current Norwegian chess champion, having won the 2009 title, and then defending it through play-offs in the 2010 championship... , Porsgrunn	513
2010	Fredrikstad	Kjetil Aleksander Lie Kjetil Aleksander Lie Kjetil Aleksander Lie is a Norwegian chess player, and Norway's eighth International Grandmaster . Lie is the current Norwegian chess champion, having won the 2009 title, and then defending it through play-offs in the 2010 championship... , Porsgrunn (after play-offs)	485
2011	Oslo(Njårdhallen Njårdhallen Njårdhallen is an indoor sports arena located in Vestre Aker, Oslo, Norway. It was designed by architect Frode Rinnan.It was opened in 1960, and designed by Frode Rinnan. It is mainly used by the sports club Njård for indoor sports such as basketball and handball. Formerly, mainly in the 1960s and... )	Play-off to be arranged between Frode Elsness and Berge Østenstad	496
2012	Sandefjord
2013	Hafjell