Nyköping
Encyclopedia
Nyköping is a locality
and the seat of Nyköping Municipality
, Södermanland County
, Sweden
with 32,427 inhabitants in 2005. The city is also the capital of Södermanland County
.
The area bears traces of settlers since around 2000 BC. In the early medieval age, around 1000 AD, Nyköping was a capital of one the many Swedish petty kingdoms. In the 13th century, construction on the Nyköping Fortress was begun; the following century it became the strongest fortress of the country. The coat of arms probably depicts the fortress, or one of its towers.
In 1317 the Nyköping Banquet
took place, a renowned episode in Sweden's history, when King Birger of Sweden captured his two brothers as a revenge for earlier sufferings and had them imprisoned without food until they starved to death. (See Nyköpings gästabud.)
The earliest known charter
dates from 1444, making it one of the now defunct Cities in Sweden. In the 16th century Nyköping became the seat of duke Charles who later became Charles IX of Sweden
. With the status of a Royal residential seat, Nyköping was at its peak of development.
In 1665 large parts of the city including the fortress were damaged in a fire. The same thing happened again in 1719 when Russian troops invaded the city. It was then rebuilt with its current street plan.
Nyköping was industrialized relatively early compared to the rest of Sweden. In the early 19th century, textile
industry was established, and the population soon rose as Nyköping's industry grew. In 1879, C.A. Wedholms mejerikärlsfabrik
was founded, starting to produce milk churns.
had its furniture manufacturing. The business created a spin off, which was named ANA
which licence-built American and English cars. The company was later purchased by Saab Automobile
and lead to that SAAB become the largest employer in the town during the eighties, as well as the relocation of the head-quarters to Spelhagen. But when GM
bought SAAB from Investor AB
, the head-quarters was moved back to Trollhättan
and about two thousand lost their jobs.
. Between 1941 and 1980, the nearby Stockholm Skavsta Airport was hosting the F11 wing
which had three squadrons with reconnaissance aircraft. It was the only dedicated reconnaissance wing in the Swedish Air Force. The city has also hosted the flyingschool of the Swedish Army
which was located at Brandholmen between 1963 and 1985.
Coaches to Stockholm
and Gothenburg
is operated by Swebus
.
The city is located on a branch line to the Södra stambanan
. Scheduled railway connections on the line is provided by SJ AB
. These are mostly operated by Electric Multiple Units of which the SJ X40
is the most common. Commuter trains towards Norrköping
may be operated by X12s
. SJ does currently not operate any X 2000
services to Nyköping.
, Finland
Lauf an der Pegnitz
, Germany
Notodden
, Norway
Nykøbing Falster
, Denmark
Salacgrīva
, Latvia
Vyborg
, Russia
Urban areas in Sweden
Urban area is a common English translation of the Swedish term tätort. The official term in English, used by Statistics Sweden, is, however, locality. There are 1,940 localities in Sweden . They could be compared with census-designated places in the United States.A tätort in Sweden has a minimum of...
and the seat of Nyköping Municipality
Nyköping Municipality
Nyköping Municipality is a municipality in Södermanland County in southeast Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of Nyköping....
, Södermanland County
Södermanland County
Södermanland County is a county or län on the south east coast of Sweden. It borders the counties of Östergötland, Örebro, Västmanland, Uppsala, Stockholm and to the Baltic sea....
, Sweden
Sweden
Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
with 32,427 inhabitants in 2005. The city is also the capital of Södermanland County
Södermanland County
Södermanland County is a county or län on the south east coast of Sweden. It borders the counties of Östergötland, Örebro, Västmanland, Uppsala, Stockholm and to the Baltic sea....
.
History
In 1317 the Nyköping Banquet
Nyköping Banquet
The Nyköping banquet was king Birger of Sweden's Christmas celebration December 11, 1317 at the Nyköping Castle in Sweden...
took place, a renowned episode in Sweden's history, when King Birger of Sweden captured his two brothers as a revenge for earlier sufferings and had them imprisoned without food until they starved to death. (See Nyköpings gästabud.)
The earliest known charter
Charter
A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified...
dates from 1444, making it one of the now defunct Cities in Sweden. In the 16th century Nyköping became the seat of duke Charles who later became Charles IX of Sweden
Charles IX of Sweden
Charles IX of Sweden also Carl, was King of Sweden from 1604 until his death. He was the youngest son of King Gustav I of Sweden and his second wife, Margaret Leijonhufvud, brother of Eric XIV and John III of Sweden, and uncle of Sigismund III Vasa king of both Sweden and Poland...
. With the status of a Royal residential seat, Nyköping was at its peak of development.
In 1665 large parts of the city including the fortress were damaged in a fire. The same thing happened again in 1719 when Russian troops invaded the city. It was then rebuilt with its current street plan.
Nyköping was industrialized relatively early compared to the rest of Sweden. In the early 19th century, textile
Textile
A textile or cloth is a flexible woven material consisting of a network of natural or artificial fibres often referred to as thread or yarn. Yarn is produced by spinning raw fibres of wool, flax, cotton, or other material to produce long strands...
industry was established, and the population soon rose as Nyköping's industry grew. In 1879, C.A. Wedholms mejerikärlsfabrik
Wedholms AB
Wedholms AB ['ve:dholms] is a Swedish manufacturer of milk cooling tanks situated in Nyköping, Sweden, serving markets in Scandinavia and around the Baltic Sea. The company group has 65 employees and a turnover of 90 million Swedish kronor ....
was founded, starting to produce milk churns.
20th century
Nyköping was the town where Nordiska KompanietNordiska Kompaniet
Nordiska Kompaniet is the name of two department stores located in Stockholm and Gothenburg, in Sweden....
had its furniture manufacturing. The business created a spin off, which was named ANA
AB Nyköpings Automobilfabrik
AB Nyköpings Automobilfabrik founded in 1937 was an automobile manufacturer in Nyköping that assembled trucks from Chrysler, DeSoto, Plymouth, Fargo and later also Škoda and Standard and from the mid 1950s also Simca. In 1960 the company was bought by SAAB and renamed SAAB-ANA and changed into...
which licence-built American and English cars. The company was later purchased by Saab Automobile
Saab Automobile
Saab Automobile AB, better known as Saab , is a Swedish car manufacturer owned by Dutch automobile manufacturer Swedish Automobile NV, formerly Spyker Cars NV. It is the exclusive automobile Royal Warrant holder as appointed by the King of Sweden...
and lead to that SAAB become the largest employer in the town during the eighties, as well as the relocation of the head-quarters to Spelhagen. But when GM
GM
- Business and industry :* General manager* General merchandise* General Mills* General Motors, an automobile manufacturing company* Gold Master, an original recording from which copies may be made* Gross margin, profit as a percentage of sales price...
bought SAAB from Investor AB
Investor AB
Investor AB is a Swedish investment company, founded in 1916 and still controlled by the Wallenberg family through their foundation asset management company FAM. The company owns a controlling stake in several large Swedish companies with smaller positions in a number of other firms. In 2006 it had...
, the head-quarters was moved back to Trollhättan
Trollhättan
Trollhättan is a city and the seat of Trollhättan Municipality, Västra Götaland County, Sweden with 44,498 inhabitants in 2005. It is located 75 km north of Sweden's second-largest city, Gothenburg....
and about two thousand lost their jobs.
Military history
Nyköping has been a stronghold for the reconnaissance squadrons of the Swedish Air ForceSwedish Air Force
The Swedish Air Force is the air force branch of the Swedish Armed Forces.-History:The Swedish Air Force was created on July 1, 1926 when the aircraft units of the Army and Navy were merged. Because of the escalating international tension during the 1930s the Air Force was reorganized and expanded...
. Between 1941 and 1980, the nearby Stockholm Skavsta Airport was hosting the F11 wing
F 11 Nyköping
F 11 Nyköping, Södermanlands Flygflottilj, Södermanland Air Force Wing, or simply "F 11", is a former Swedish Air Force wing with the main base located in south-east Sweden.- History of the airbase :...
which had three squadrons with reconnaissance aircraft. It was the only dedicated reconnaissance wing in the Swedish Air Force. The city has also hosted the flyingschool of the Swedish Army
Swedish Army
The Swedish Army is one of the oldest standing armies in the world and a branch of the Swedish Armed Forces; it is in charge of land operations. General Sverker Göranson is the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Army.- Organization :...
which was located at Brandholmen between 1963 and 1985.
Public Transport
Nyköping has got intercity and city bus-links operated by Nobina Sverige. The city bus network consists of 5 lines numbered: 1,2,3,161 and 162.| Number | Origin | Final destination | Frequency | Distance (km) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bryngelstorp | Harg | Every 15th minute | 11.4 |
| 2 | Arnö | Brandkärr | Every 15th minute | 7.8 |
| 3 | Bus station | Brandholmen | Every 30th minute | 3.4 |
| 161 | Bus station | Bus station | 10 times/day | NA |
| 162 | Bus station | Bus station | 10 times/day | NA |
Coaches to Stockholm
Stockholm
Stockholm is the capital and the largest city of Sweden and constitutes the most populated urban area in Scandinavia. Stockholm is the most populous city in Sweden, with a population of 851,155 in the municipality , 1.37 million in the urban area , and around 2.1 million in the metropolitan area...
and Gothenburg
Gothenburg
Gothenburg is the second-largest city in Sweden and the fifth-largest in the Nordic countries. Situated on the west coast of Sweden, the city proper has a population of 519,399, with 549,839 in the urban area and total of 937,015 inhabitants in the metropolitan area...
is operated by Swebus
Swebus
Nobina Sverige , part of Nobina Ltd, is the leading Swedish bus company, with 8,700 employees, 3,000 buses, and net sales of 327 million euro...
.
Rail
Södra stambanan
The Southern Main Line is a long electrified railway between Malmö and Katrineholm in Sweden. The first parts of the line opened in 1856 between Malmö and Lund, and the last parts in 1874. The line entirely consists of double track...
. Scheduled railway connections on the line is provided by SJ AB
SJ AB
SJ is a government-owned passenger train operator in Sweden. SJ was created in 2000, out of the public transport division of Statens Järnvägar, when the former government agency was divided into six separate government-owned limited companies.-Overview:SJ's operations fall broadly into subsidised...
. These are mostly operated by Electric Multiple Units of which the SJ X40
SJ X40
X40 is a series of electric multiple units operated by SJ of Sweden. They are in service from Stockholm to Linköping, Eskilstuna/Arboga, Västerås/Örebro and Gävle/Sandviken, and since 2010 to Gothenburg. The double decker trains are built by Alstom since 2004, with 43 units being delivered, either...
is the most common. Commuter trains towards Norrköping
Norrköping
Norrköping is a city in the province of Östergötland in eastern Sweden and the seat of Norrköping Municipality, Östergötland County. The city has a population of 87,247 inhabitants in 2010, out of a municipal total of 130,050, making it Sweden's tenth largest city and eighth largest...
may be operated by X12s
SJ X12
X12 is a series of two-car electric multiple units operated by Statens Järnvägar of Sweden as local trains. Eighteen units were built by Asea Brown Boveri in 1991-94, based on the somewhat older X10. From the late 1990s until 2003 three units were also used by Upplands Lokaltrafik. Two of the...
. SJ does currently not operate any X 2000
X 2000
X 2000 is the brand name of Sweden's tilting 200 km/h high-speed train class X2, which was constructed by Kalmar Verkstad in Kalmar, Sweden and operated by SJ. It was launched in 1990 as a first-class only train with a meal included in the ticket price, and free use of the train's fax machine...
services to Nyköping.
| Line | Vehicles | Operator |
|---|---|---|
| Gävle-Stockholm-Linköping | SJ Rc • SJ X40 SJ X40 X40 is a series of electric multiple units operated by SJ of Sweden. They are in service from Stockholm to Linköping, Eskilstuna/Arboga, Västerås/Örebro and Gävle/Sandviken, and since 2010 to Gothenburg. The double decker trains are built by Alstom since 2004, with 43 units being delivered, either... |
SJ AB SJ AB SJ is a government-owned passenger train operator in Sweden. SJ was created in 2000, out of the public transport division of Statens Järnvägar, when the former government agency was divided into six separate government-owned limited companies.-Overview:SJ's operations fall broadly into subsidised... |
| Norrköping | SJ X12 SJ X12 X12 is a series of two-car electric multiple units operated by Statens Järnvägar of Sweden as local trains. Eighteen units were built by Asea Brown Boveri in 1991-94, based on the somewhat older X10. From the late 1990s until 2003 three units were also used by Upplands Lokaltrafik. Two of the... |
SJ AB SJ AB SJ is a government-owned passenger train operator in Sweden. SJ was created in 2000, out of the public transport division of Statens Järnvägar, when the former government agency was divided into six separate government-owned limited companies.-Overview:SJ's operations fall broadly into subsidised... |
| Stockholm-Malmö | Bombardier TRAXX • Eurosprinter EuroSprinter The EuroSprinter family of electric locomotives is a modular concept of locomotives for the European market built by Siemens. The internal Siemens product name is ES 64, with ES for EuroSprinter and the number 64 indicating the 6,400 kW power at rail.Additional information is given in the name... |
Veolia operated by Hector Rail Hector Rail Hector Rail is a Swedish-based independent train haulage provider operating in the European rail transport market, operating 29 locomotives. The company provides locomotives and drivers to freight customers who need to have whole unit trains hauled between two places with a regular time table.The... . |
Sports
The following sports clubs are located in Nyköping:- Nyköpings BISNyköpings BISNyköpings BIS is a Swedish football club located in Nyköping.-Background:Since their foundation in 1966 Nyköpings BIS has participated mainly in the middle divisions of the Swedish football league system in particular Divisions 2 and 3. In the period 1971 until 1980 and again in 1984 Nyköpings BIS...
- Nyköpings HockeyNyköpings HockeyNyköpings Hockey is an ice-hockey club from Nyköping in Sweden. It was founded in 1990, then called IK Nyköping Hockey 90 or NH90, as a merger of the ice hockey section of Nyköpings BIS and Nyköpings HL Nyköpings Hockey is an ice-hockey club from Nyköping in Sweden. It was founded in 1990, then...
Twin cities
IisalmiIisalmi
Iisalmi is a town and municipality of Finland.It is located in the province of Eastern Finland and is part of the Northern Savonia region. The municipality has a population of and covers an area of of which is water. The population density is...
, Finland
Finland
Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.Around 5.4 million people reside...
Lauf an der Pegnitz
Lauf an der Pegnitz
Lauf an der Pegnitz is a municipality near Nuremberg, Germany. It is the capital of the district Nürnberger Land, in Bavaria....
, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
Notodden
Notodden
is a town and municipality in Telemark county, Norway. It is part of the traditional region of Øst-Telemark. The administrative centre of the municipality is the town of Notodden....
, Norway
Norway
Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million...
Nykøbing Falster
Nykøbing Falster
Nykøbing Falster is a southern Danish city, seat of the Guldborgsund kommune. It belongs to Region Sjælland. The city lies on Falster, connected by the 295-meter-long Frederick IX Bridge over the Guldborgsund waterway to the island of Lolland. The town has a population of 16,464...
, Denmark
Denmark
Denmark is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe. The countries of Denmark and Greenland, as well as the Faroe Islands, constitute the Kingdom of Denmark . It is the southernmost of the Nordic countries, southwest of Sweden and south of Norway, and bordered to the south by Germany. Denmark...
Salacgrīva
Salacgriva
Salacgrīva is a town in Limbaži County, in the Vidzeme region of northern Latvia. The town has a port, situated on the mouth of the Salaca river and the Gulf of Riga...
, Latvia
Latvia
Latvia , officially the Republic of Latvia , is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Estonia , to the south by Lithuania , to the east by the Russian Federation , to the southeast by Belarus and shares maritime borders to the west with Sweden...
Vyborg
Vyborg
Vyborg is a town in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, situated on the Karelian Isthmus near the head of the Bay of Vyborg, to the northwest of St. Petersburg and south from Russia's border with Finland, where the Saimaa Canal enters the Gulf of Finland...
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
External links
- Visit Nyköping - The official visitors' guide
- Nyköping Facebook - The official Facebook-page