Oestrich-Winkel
Encyclopedia
Oestrich-Winkel (ˈøːstʁɪç ˈvɪŋkəl) is a town in the Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis
in the Regierungsbezirk
of Darmstadt
in Hesse
, Germany
.
’s amalgamation into the town in 1977 as part of municipal reform.
The coordinates 50°N, 8°E lie right in the constituent community of Winkel, whose name, coincidentally, is German
for “angle”.
The town lies 17 km west of Mainz
.
(Rhein-Lahn-Kreis
in Rhineland-Palatinate
), Heidenrod
and Schlangenbad
; in the east on the town of Eltville
; in the south, across the Rhine, on the town of Ingelheim
(Mainz-Bingen
district in Rhineland-Palatinate) and in the west on the town of Geisenheim
.
, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County
, Hungary
Denicé
, Rhône, France
2./ Fernmeldebataillon 283 (roughly, “signal corps”) in Lahnstein
.
might be described thus: Gules a Z reversed with cross stroke argent between two mullets of six Or.
The Z is a variant of a common German heraldic
charge
known in German
as a Wolfsangel
or Doppelhaken, and its appearance here apparently refers to its use for dealing with wolves in earlier times (the Wolfsangel is believed to have been used as a wolf trap). The arms themselves go back to the 17th century.
The Oestricher Kran, Oestrich’s main landmark, is a former wine-loading crane
from the 18th century for loading and unloading ships. Completed in 1745, it was working until 1926. Inside the crane are two treadmills
in each of which two men used their body weight to work a winch
, which could then lift loads onto or off ships. It is the last preserved wine-loading crane on the Rhine’s right bank. There were once also such cranes in Lorch, Eltville
and Rüdesheim. These cranes can still be found in existence along the Rhine at Andernach
(stone; loaded tuff
, millstone
s and wine barrels) and Bingen
(wood, loaded mainly wine barrels).
In Mittelheim is found one of Germany’s oldest stone churches, St.-Aegidius-Basilika (“Saint Giles
’s Basilica”).
In Winkel stands Germany’s oldest stone house, the Graues Haus (“Grey House”). For a long time it was believed that Rabanus Maurus
lived and in 856 died there. Schloss Vollrads
, outside Winkel, with its ancient watertower likewise belongs among the noteworthy sights. On the town’s northeast limit near Hattenheim
stands Schloss Reichartshausen (founded in the 12th century) with its outbuildings, which about 1900 were remodelled to look like follies
. It nowadays houses the European Business School
. In the middle of the community stands the Brentanohaus. Here, Goethe
spent some time in 1814 as a guest of the Frankfurt bank
ing family Brentano. The family’s children were Clemens
, Gunda and Bettina Brentano
. Karoline von Günderrode, a poet and one of Bettina’s friends, stabbed herself here in Winkel in 1806 on the Rhine’s bank out of lovesickness
and life weariness. Since 2003, the barn across from the Brentanohaus has hosted the cultural and event venue Brentanoscheune (Scheune means “barn”).
), the Christmas market (Weihnachtsmarkt) and Jazz Week (Jazzwoche).
has its office in Oestrich in a former winery, the presshouse (Kelterhalle) converted to a hall for intimitate concerts and events. Festival concerts have taken place in the basilica St. Aegidius, such as a recital of Elisabeth Scholl
.
. Further educational institutions are, among others, the Clemens-Brentano-Schule (primary school and Hauptschule
), the Rabanus-Maurus-Schule (primary school and Hauptschule with orientation level) and Hallgarten primary school.
42, which is particularly well developed towards the east, and which seamlessly feeds into the A 66
near Wiesbaden. The town lies on the Frankfurt am Main–Wiesbaden
–Oestrich-Winkel–Koblenz
railway line and belongs to the Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund
. Furthermore, between 6:00 and 21:00, a ferry shuttles across the Rhine between Mittelheim and Ingelheim, where there is a link with the A 60.
Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis
Rheingau-Taunus is a Kreis in the west of Hesse, Germany. Neighboring districts are Limburg-Weilburg, Hochtaunuskreis, Main-Taunus, district-free Wiesbaden, Mainz-Bingen, Rhein-Lahn.-Geography:...
in the Regierungsbezirk
Regierungsbezirk
In Germany, a Government District, in German: Regierungsbezirk – is a subdivision of certain federal states .They are above the Kreise, Landkreise, and kreisfreie Städte...
of Darmstadt
Darmstadt (region)
Darmstadt is one of the three Regierungsbezirke of Hesse, Germany, located in the south of the state.- External links :*...
in Hesse
Hesse
Hesse or Hessia is both a cultural region of Germany and the name of an individual German state.* The cultural region of Hesse includes both the State of Hesse and the area known as Rhenish Hesse in the neighbouring Rhineland-Palatinate state...
, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
.
Location
This is a young town with roughly 12,000 inhabitants, having come into being in 1972 through the merger of the (until then) self-governing communities of Mittelheim, Oestrich and Winkel; it was further enlarged by HallgartenHallgarten (Rheingau)
Hallgarten is a Stadtteil of Oestrich-Winkel, Hesse, Germany. It lies within the Rheingau wine region.Its church, dedicated to the Assumption of Mary, is a location of the Rheingau Musik Festival....
’s amalgamation into the town in 1977 as part of municipal reform.
The coordinates 50°N, 8°E lie right in the constituent community of Winkel, whose name, coincidentally, is German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
for “angle”.
The town lies 17 km west of Mainz
Mainz
Mainz under the Holy Roman Empire, and previously was a Roman fort city which commanded the west bank of the Rhine and formed part of the northernmost frontier of the Roman Empire...
.
Neighbouring communities
Oestrich-Winkel borders in the north on the town of Lorch and the communities of WelterodWelterod
Welterod is a municipality in the district of Rhein-Lahn, in Rhineland-Palatinate, in western Germany....
(Rhein-Lahn-Kreis
Rhein-Lahn-Kreis
Rhein-Lahn is a district in the east of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Neighboring districts are Westerwaldkreis, Limburg-Weilburg, Rheingau-Taunus, Mainz-Bingen, Rhein-Hunsrück, Mayen-Koblenz, and the district-free city Koblenz.-History:With the Congress of Vienna the area was added to the duchy...
in Rhineland-Palatinate
Rhineland-Palatinate
Rhineland-Palatinate is one of the 16 states of the Federal Republic of Germany. It has an area of and about four million inhabitants. The capital is Mainz. English speakers also commonly refer to the state by its German name, Rheinland-Pfalz ....
), Heidenrod
Heidenrod
Heidenrod is a community in the Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis in the Regierungsbezirk of Darmstadt in Hesse, Germany. The municipal administration is found in the community’s biggest centre, in Laufenselden.-Location:...
and Schlangenbad
Schlangenbad
Schlangenbad is a community in the Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis in the Regierungsbezirk of Darmstadt in Hesse, Germany.- Location :The community, which is a health resort , lies above sea level in a sheltered location on a valley slope on the southern slope of the Taunus from Wiesbaden, from Eltville...
; in the east on the town of Eltville
Eltville
Eltville am Rhein is a town in the Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis in the Regierungsbezirk of Darmstadt in Hesse, Germany. It is located on the German Half-Timbered House Road ....
; in the south, across the Rhine, on the town of Ingelheim
Ingelheim am Rhein
Ingelheim am Rhein is a town in the Mainz-Bingen district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany on the Rhine’s west bank. The town calls itself the Rotweinstadt and since 1996 it has been Mainz-Bingen’s district seat....
(Mainz-Bingen
Mainz-Bingen
Mainz-Bingen is a district in the east of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Neighboring districts are Rheingau-Taunus, the district-free cities Wiesbaden and Mainz, the districts Groß-Gerau, Alzey-Worms, Bad Kreuznach, Rhein-Hunsrück.-History:During the French occupation under Napoleon the district...
district in Rhineland-Palatinate) and in the west on the town of Geisenheim
Geisenheim
Geisenheim is a town in the Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis in the Regierungsbezirk of Darmstadt in Hessen, Germany, and is known as Weinstadt , Schulstadt , Domstadt and Lindenstadt ....
.
Town council
The municipal election held on 26 March 2006, yielded the following results:| Parties and voter communities | % 2006 |
Seats 2006 |
% 2001 |
Seats 2001 |
|
| CDU | Christian Democratic Union of Germany | 43.4 | 16 | 47.9 | 18 |
| SPD | Social Democratic Party of Germany Social Democratic Party of Germany The Social Democratic Party of Germany is a social-democratic political party in Germany... |
29.6 | 11 | 31.1 | 11 |
| GREENS | Bündnis 90/Die Grünen | 19.1 | 7 | 10.8 | 4 |
| FDP | Free Democratic Party Free Democratic Party (Germany) The Free Democratic Party , abbreviated to FDP, is a centre-right classical liberal political party in Germany. It is led by Philipp Rösler and currently serves as the junior coalition partner to the Union in the German federal government... |
7.9 | 3 | 4.3 | 2 |
| FWG | Freie Wählergemeinschaft | – | – | 6.0 | 2 |
| Total | 100.0 | 37 | 100.0 | 37 | |
| Voter turnout in % | 51.5 | 60.2 | |||
Town partnerships
The town of Oestrich-Winkel maintains partnerships with the following two places and one military unit: TokajTokaj
Tokaj , is a historical town in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county, Northern Hungary, 54 kilometers from county capital Miskolc. It is the centre of the famous Tokaj-Hegyalja wine district where the world famous Tokaji wine is produced.- History :...
, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén is the name of an administrative county in north-eastern Hungary , on the border with Slovakia. It shares borders with the Hungarian counties Nógrád, Heves, Hajdú-Bihar and Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg. The capital of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county is Miskolc...
, Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
Denicé
Denicé
Denicé is a commune in the Rhône department in eastern France.-References:*...
, Rhône, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
2./ Fernmeldebataillon 283 (roughly, “signal corps”) in Lahnstein
Lahnstein
Lahnstein is a verband-free town of Rhein-Lahn-Kreis in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated at the confluence of the Lahn River with the Rhine, approximately south of Koblenz...
.
Coat of arms
The town’s armsCoat of arms
A coat of arms is a unique heraldic design on a shield or escutcheon or on a surcoat or tabard used to cover and protect armour and to identify the wearer. Thus the term is often stated as "coat-armour", because it was anciently displayed on the front of a coat of cloth...
might be described thus: Gules a Z reversed with cross stroke argent between two mullets of six Or.
The Z is a variant of a common German heraldic
Heraldry
Heraldry is the profession, study, or art of creating, granting, and blazoning arms and ruling on questions of rank or protocol, as exercised by an officer of arms. Heraldry comes from Anglo-Norman herald, from the Germanic compound harja-waldaz, "army commander"...
charge
Charge (heraldry)
In heraldry, a charge is any emblem or device occupying the field of an escutcheon . This may be a geometric design or a symbolic representation of a person, animal, plant, object or other device...
known in German
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
as a Wolfsangel
Wolfsangel
The Wolfsangel is a symbol. It is also known as the Wolf's Hook or Doppelhaken. The upright variant is also known as "thunderbolt" and the horizontal variant as "werewolf"....
or Doppelhaken, and its appearance here apparently refers to its use for dealing with wolves in earlier times (the Wolfsangel is believed to have been used as a wolf trap). The arms themselves go back to the 17th century.
Wine culture
Oestrich-Winkel is characterized by winegrowing. The following places are cultivated:- Oestrich: Lenchen, Doosberg, Klosterberg, Pfaffenberg
- Mittelheim: Edelmann, St. Nikolaus, Goldberg
- Winkel: Dachsberg, Hasensprung, Gutenberg, Jesuitengarten, Bienengarten, Schloß Vollrads
- Hallgarten: Jungfer, Würzgarten, Schönhell, Hendelberg, Mehrhölzchen
Sightseeing
Crane (machine)
A crane is a type of machine, generally equipped with a hoist, wire ropes or chains, and sheaves, that can be used both to lift and lower materials and to move them horizontally. It uses one or more simple machines to create mechanical advantage and thus move loads beyond the normal capability of...
from the 18th century for loading and unloading ships. Completed in 1745, it was working until 1926. Inside the crane are two treadmills
Treadwheel
A treadwheel is a form of animal engine typically powered by humans. It may resemble a water wheel in appearance, and can be worked either by a human treading paddles set into its circumference , or by a human or animal standing inside it .Uses of treadwheels included raising water, to power...
in each of which two men used their body weight to work a winch
Winch
A winch is a mechanical device that is used to pull in or let out or otherwise adjust the "tension" of a rope or wire rope . In its simplest form it consists of a spool and attached hand crank. In larger forms, winches stand at the heart of machines as diverse as tow trucks, steam shovels and...
, which could then lift loads onto or off ships. It is the last preserved wine-loading crane on the Rhine’s right bank. There were once also such cranes in Lorch, Eltville
Eltville
Eltville am Rhein is a town in the Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis in the Regierungsbezirk of Darmstadt in Hesse, Germany. It is located on the German Half-Timbered House Road ....
and Rüdesheim. These cranes can still be found in existence along the Rhine at Andernach
Andernach
Andernach is a town in the district of Mayen-Koblenz, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, of currently about 30,000 inhabitants. It is situated towards the end of the Neuwied basin on the left bank of the Rhine between the former tiny fishing village of Fornich in the north and the mouth of the...
(stone; loaded tuff
Tuff
Tuff is a type of rock consisting of consolidated volcanic ash ejected from vents during a volcanic eruption. Tuff is sometimes called tufa, particularly when used as construction material, although tufa also refers to a quite different rock. Rock that contains greater than 50% tuff is considered...
, millstone
Millstone
Millstones or mill stones are used in windmills and watermills, including tide mills, for grinding wheat or other grains.The type of stone most suitable for making millstones is a siliceous rock called burrstone , an open-textured, porous but tough, fine-grained sandstone, or a silicified,...
s and wine barrels) and Bingen
Bingen am Rhein
Bingen am Rhein is a town in the Mainz-Bingen district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany.The settlement’s original name was Bingium, a Celtic word that may have meant “hole in the rock”, a description of the shoal behind the Mäuseturm, known as the Binger Loch. Bingen was the starting point for the...
(wood, loaded mainly wine barrels).
In Mittelheim is found one of Germany’s oldest stone churches, St.-Aegidius-Basilika (“Saint Giles
Saint Giles
Saint Giles was a Greek Christian hermit saint from Athens, whose legend is centered in Provence and Septimania. The tomb in the abbey Giles was said to have founded, in St-Gilles-du-Gard, became a place of pilgrimage and a stop on the road that led from Arles to Santiago de Compostela, the...
’s Basilica”).
In Winkel stands Germany’s oldest stone house, the Graues Haus (“Grey House”). For a long time it was believed that Rabanus Maurus
Rabanus Maurus
Rabanus Maurus Magnentius , also known as Hrabanus or Rhabanus, was a Frankish Benedictine monk, the archbishop of Mainz in Germany and a theologian. He was the author of the encyclopaedia De rerum naturis . He also wrote treatises on education and grammar and commentaries on the Bible...
lived and in 856 died there. Schloss Vollrads
Schloss Vollrads
Schloss Vollrads is a wine estate in the Rheingau wine-growing region in Germany, that has been making wine for over 800 years.-History:After the donation of Verona in 983 the archbishopric of Mainz, the new owner, invested in vine growing, although vines had been cultivated there since Roman...
, outside Winkel, with its ancient watertower likewise belongs among the noteworthy sights. On the town’s northeast limit near Hattenheim
Hattenheim
Hattenheim is a Stadtteil in Eltville am Rhein, Hesse, Germany. It lies within the Rheingau wine region.- Points of interest :* Burg Hattenheim* Eberbach Abbey * Schloss Reichartshausen* Steinberg, Kloster Eberbach...
stands Schloss Reichartshausen (founded in the 12th century) with its outbuildings, which about 1900 were remodelled to look like follies
Folly
In architecture, a folly is a building constructed primarily for decoration, but either suggesting by its appearance some other purpose, or merely so extravagant that it transcends the normal range of garden ornaments or other class of building to which it belongs...
. It nowadays houses the European Business School
European Business School International University Schloss Reichartshausen
The EBS Universität für Wirtschaft und Recht in Wiesbaden and Oestrich-Winkel, Germany, was founded in 1971. The university's activities focus on 3 core areas: undergraduate, postgraduate programs and executive education...
. In the middle of the community stands the Brentanohaus. Here, Goethe
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe was a German writer, pictorial artist, biologist, theoretical physicist, and polymath. He is considered the supreme genius of modern German literature. His works span the fields of poetry, drama, prose, philosophy, and science. His Faust has been called the greatest long...
spent some time in 1814 as a guest of the Frankfurt bank
Bank
A bank is a financial institution that serves as a financial intermediary. The term "bank" may refer to one of several related types of entities:...
ing family Brentano. The family’s children were Clemens
Clemens Brentano
Clemens Brentano, or Klemens Brentano was a German poet and novelist.-Overview:He was born in Ehrenbreitstein, near Koblenz, Germany. His sister was Bettina von Arnim, Goethe's correspondent. His father's family was of Italian descent. He studied in Halle and Jena, afterwards residing at...
, Gunda and Bettina Brentano
Bettina von Arnim
Bettina von Arnim , born Elisabeth Catharina Ludovica Magdalena Brentano, was a German writer and novelist....
. Karoline von Günderrode, a poet and one of Bettina’s friends, stabbed herself here in Winkel in 1806 on the Rhine’s bank out of lovesickness
Lovesickness
Lovesickness describes the informal syndrome of rejected or unrequited love and covers physical as well as mental symptoms. It is not to be confused with the condition of being lovestruck....
and life weariness. Since 2003, the barn across from the Brentanohaus has hosted the cultural and event venue Brentanoscheune (Scheune means “barn”).
Regular events
These include the Lenchenfest (a wine festival), the Dippemarkt (a market with a funfairFunfair
A funfair or simply "fair" is a small to medium sized travelling show primarily composed of stalls and other amusements. Larger fairs such as the permanent fairs of cities and seaside resorts might be called a fairground, although technically this should refer to the land where a fair is...
), the Christmas market (Weihnachtsmarkt) and Jazz Week (Jazzwoche).
Rheingau Musik Festival
The Rheingau Musik FestivalRheingau Musik Festival
The Rheingau Musik Festival is an international summer music festival in Germany, founded in 1987. It is mostly for classical music, but includes other genres...
has its office in Oestrich in a former winery, the presshouse (Kelterhalle) converted to a hall for intimitate concerts and events. Festival concerts have taken place in the basilica St. Aegidius, such as a recital of Elisabeth Scholl
Elisabeth Scholl
- Professional career :Elisabeth Scholl was the first girl to sing with the boys choir Kiedricher Chorbuben. From 1982 to 1987 she sang the role of the First Boy in Mozart's Die Zauberflöte at the Hessisches Staatstheater Wiesbaden...
.
Education
Since 1980 Oestrich-Winkel has been the seat of the European Business School (EBS)European Business School International University Schloss Reichartshausen
The EBS Universität für Wirtschaft und Recht in Wiesbaden and Oestrich-Winkel, Germany, was founded in 1971. The university's activities focus on 3 core areas: undergraduate, postgraduate programs and executive education...
. Further educational institutions are, among others, the Clemens-Brentano-Schule (primary school and Hauptschule
Hauptschule
A Hauptschule is a secondary school in Germany and Austria, starting after 4 years of elementary schooling, which offers Lower Secondary Education according to the International Standard Classification of Education...
), the Rabanus-Maurus-Schule (primary school and Hauptschule with orientation level) and Hallgarten primary school.
Transport
Oestrich-Winkel lies right on BundesstraßeBundesstraße
Bundesstraße , abbreviated B, is the denotation for German and Austrian national highways.-Germany:...
42, which is particularly well developed towards the east, and which seamlessly feeds into the A 66
Bundesautobahn 66
is an autobahn in southwestern Germany. It connects the Taunus to Fulda, passing close to Frankfurt am Main. The first part of the autobahn between Wiesbaden and the Nordwestkreuz Frankfurt, was opened as early as 1934, then called the Rhein-Main-Schnellweg. It became an autobahn in 1965.The...
near Wiesbaden. The town lies on the Frankfurt am Main–Wiesbaden
Wiesbaden
Wiesbaden is a city in southwest Germany and the capital of the federal state of Hesse. It has about 275,400 inhabitants, plus approximately 10,000 United States citizens...
–Oestrich-Winkel–Koblenz
Koblenz
Koblenz is a German city situated on both banks of the Rhine at its confluence with the Moselle, where the Deutsches Eck and its monument are situated.As Koblenz was one of the military posts established by Drusus about 8 BC, the...
railway line and belongs to the Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund
Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund
The Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund is an organised transport network in the German state of Hesse, centred around the city of Frankfurt am Main. Its head office is located in Hofheim im Taunus...
. Furthermore, between 6:00 and 21:00, a ferry shuttles across the Rhine between Mittelheim and Ingelheim, where there is a link with the A 60.
Sons and daughters of the town
- Richard von Greiffenklau zu Vollrads (1467 – 13 March 1531), Archbishop and Elector of Trier, was born at Schloss Vollrads
- Peter Spahn (22 May 1846 – 31 August 1925 in Bad Wildungen), German politician (ZENTRUMCentre Party (Germany)The German Centre Party was a Catholic political party in Germany during the Kaiserreich and the Weimar Republic. Formed in 1870, it battled the Kulturkampf which the Prussian government launched to reduce the power of the Catholic Church...
), Member of the Reichstag, Member of the Landtag (PrussiaPrussiaPrussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history...
), Prussian Justice Minister, was born in Winkel
Others with links to the town
- Rabanus MaurusRabanus MaurusRabanus Maurus Magnentius , also known as Hrabanus or Rhabanus, was a Frankish Benedictine monk, the archbishop of Mainz in Germany and a theologian. He was the author of the encyclopaedia De rerum naturis . He also wrote treatises on education and grammar and commentaries on the Bible...
(d. 856), important CarolingianCarolingianThe Carolingian dynasty was a Frankish noble family with origins in the Arnulfing and Pippinid clans of the 7th century AD. The name "Carolingian", Medieval Latin karolingi, an altered form of an unattested Old High German *karling, kerling The Carolingian dynasty (known variously as the...
academic, died in Winkel - Karoline von Günderrode (1780–1806), RomanticRomanticismRomanticism was an artistic, literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Europe, and gained strength in reaction to the Industrial Revolution...
poet, committed suicide in Winkel - Andreas Joseph HofmannAndreas Joseph HofmannAndreas Joseph Hofmann was a German philosopher and revolutionary active in the Republic of Mainz. As Chairman of the Rhenish-German National Convention, the earliest parliament in Germany based on the principle of popular sovereignty, he proclaimed the first republican state in Germany, the...
, Metternich’s teacher, revolutionary, France’s agent in London, and in 1793 German history’s first Parliamentary president in the Rhenish-German National Convention
External links
Documents
- Bild von Oestrich aus J.F. Dielmann, A. Fay, J. Becker (Zeichner): F.C. Vogels Panorama des Rheins, Bilder des rechten und linken Rheinufers, Lithographische Anstalt F.C. Vogel, Frankfurt 1833
- Bild von Mittelheim aus J.F. Dielmann, A. Fay, J. Becker (Zeichner): F.C. Vogels Panorama des Rheins, Bilder des rechten und linken Rheinufers, Lithographische Anstalt F.C. Vogel, Frankfurt 1833