Oldschool jungle
Encyclopedia
Jungle is a genre of electronic music
that incorporates influences from genres including breakbeat hardcore
, and reggae
/dub
/dancehall
. There is debate as to whether jungle is a separate genre from drum and bass
as many use the terms interchangeably. For those that consider them separate genres, drum and bass is usually considered to have started to separate musically from jungle in the mid to late 1990s.
The fast tempos
(150 to 170 bpm) breakbeat
s, other heavily syncopated percussive loops, samples
and synthesized effects makes up the easily recognizable form of jungle. Producers create the drum patterns featured; sometimes completely off-beat, by cutting apart breakbeats most notably the Amen break
. Long, computer generated pitch shifted snare rolls are also common in oldschool jungle.
Jungle producers incorporated classic Jamaican/Caribbean sound-system culture
production-methods. The slower, deep basslines and simple melodies (which are directly descended from dub, reggae and dancehall) accentuated the overall production and hence gave jungle its 'rolling' quality.
), circa 1970. References to 'jungle', 'junglists' and 'jungle music' can be found throughout dub, reggae and dancehall genres from that era up until today.
Interestingly, and possibly just coincidentally, the term "jungle music" was used to describe music by Duke Ellington
in the 1920-30's. With African musical and drumming influences they played a rhythmic, exotic sound advertised as "jungle music" and "the jungle sound", the band at that time was often named The Jungle Band on flyers.
It has been suggested that the term 'Junglist' was a reference to a person either from a ghetto of Kingston
known as 'The Concrete Jungle' or from a different suburb, 'The Gardens', which was a leafy area colloquially referred to as 'The Jungle'.
The first documented use of the term is within a song featuring jungle producer and lyricist Rebel MC. In which a sample was taken from a much older dancehall
tune containing the lyrics "Rebel got this chant - "'alla the junglists".
Smiley & PJ from Shut Up and Dance were once not let into a club by a bouncer claiming "We don't play your jungle music here", referring to the more drum oriented oldskool hardcore. They started to use the term themselves.
At one time there was even some confusion and debate as to whether the use of the word "jungle" was a racist referral to its apparently blacker, reggae-influenced sound and fans as it was the black youth of Britain who fueled the early Jungle and drum and bass scenes.
Jungle shares a number of similarities with hip hop. First, both genres have been referred to as "black music." When jungle first gained popularity, it received many of the same complaints that hip hop music first did: It was "too dark" and downbeat, glorified violence and gangs and had a focus on rhythm. Both genres of music are produced using the same types of equipment: samplers, drum machines, microphones and sequencers. Furthermore, the music contains the same sort of components such as "rhythmic complexity, repetition with subtle variations, the significance of the drum, melodic interest in bass frequencies and breaks in pitch and time."
Some early proponents preferred to define the "jungle" element as representing the deeper and darker sound of the heavy beats and bass lines, while others saw a connection with tribal drumming, percussion and simplicity.
Producers and DJs of the early 90's MC 5ive '0, Groove Connection and Kingsley Roast, place the origin of the word in the scene with pioneers like Moose, Soundman and Johnny Jungle.
in London called "Rage" was changing in response to the commercialization of the rave
scene (see breakbeat hardcore
). Resident DJs Fabio
and Grooverider
; amongst others, began to take the Hardcore
sound to a new level. The speed of the music increased from 120bpm to 145bpm, whilst more ragga
and dancehall
elements were brought in and techno, disco and house influences were decreased.
Eventually the music became too fast and difficult to be mixed with more traditional rave music
, creating a division with the other popular electronic genres. When Hardcore
lost the four-on-the-floor beat, and created percussive elements solely from raw, 'chopped up' breakbeats, the terms jungle, junglist or junglism started being used to describe the music. This was reflected in track titles of the era, typically from late 1992 and early 1993.
The club 'Rage' finally shut its doors in 1993, but the new legion of "Junglist
s" had evolved, changing dancing styles for the faster music, enjoying the off-beat rhythms and with less reliance on the chemical stimulation of the rave era.
, as most producers started to incorporate new sounds and rhythms into their music.
and jazz
influenced tracks dominated the clubs in this period. Dillinja
, Roni Size, Die, Hype, Zinc and Krust were instrumental in the transition of the jungle sound to drum and bass. By the end of 1998 the genre's sound had changed forms significantly from that heard earlier in the decade.
, Ed Rush
, LTJ Bukem
, Potential Bad Boy, Digital
, Total Science
, Goldie
and Optical
).
There is certainly a thriving underground movement producing and developing tracks in the style of a decade ago and some original (though currently mainstream drum & bass) jungle producers have noticed this new enthusiasm for the original sound. The North American ragga-jungle revival in 2001 saw many new names emerge to carry the torch. Krinjah, RCola and Chopstick Dubplate pushed things forward with junglized remixes of classic reggae tunes often produced with re-voicing done by the original singers.
In the United Kingdom
the jungle scene, though underground, is still thriving with club nights specifically tributed to the oldschool jungle sound as well as more modern Drum and Bass
. Many famous DJs from the original scene, such as Ray Keith, Remarc, Kenny Ken and Doc Scott, just to name a few, are still touring the United Kingdom
and the USA to perform live; strictly playing oldschool jungle circa 1993-1997.
Shy FX
, creator of "Original Nuttah" with UK Apache, has recently launched the Digital Sound Boy label, and Canadian imprint JungleXpeditions features songs with the structure and production values of modern drum & bass but with ragga vocals and multiple reggae and oldskool elements from an international roster of newschool producers. Ragga vocals and oldskool elements have always featured in the works of drum & bass producers and labels, particularly True Playaz
and the last three years has seen a resurgence of vocalized productions.
There has also been an eastern European, jungle oriented, underground movement with clothing fashions similar to the UK's 90s Rave scene
. Most notably countries such as Bulgaria
are beginning an oldskool jungle revival.
'
Electronic music
Electronic music is music that employs electronic musical instruments and electronic music technology in its production. In general a distinction can be made between sound produced using electromechanical means and that produced using electronic technology. Examples of electromechanical sound...
that incorporates influences from genres including breakbeat hardcore
Breakbeat hardcore
Breakbeat hardcore is a derivative of the acid house and techno, of the late 1980s and early 1990s, that combines four-to-the-floor rhythms with breakbeats, and is associated with the UK rave scene.-The rave scene:...
, and reggae
Reggae
Reggae is a music genre first developed in Jamaica in the late 1960s. While sometimes used in a broader sense to refer to most types of Jamaican music, the term reggae more properly denotes a particular music style that originated following on the development of ska and rocksteady.Reggae is based...
/dub
Dub music
Dub is a genre of music which grew out of reggae music in the 1960s, and is commonly considered a subgenre, though it has developed to extend beyond the scope of reggae...
/dancehall
Dancehall
Dancehall is a genre of Jamaican popular music that originated in the late 1970s. Initially dancehall was a more sparse version of reggae than the roots style, which had dominated much of the 1970s. In the mid-1980s, digital instrumentation became more prevalent, changing the sound considerably,...
. There is debate as to whether jungle is a separate genre from drum and bass
Drum and bass
Drum and bass is a type of electronic music which emerged in the late 1980s. The genre is characterized by fast breakbeats , with heavy bass and sub-bass lines...
as many use the terms interchangeably. For those that consider them separate genres, drum and bass is usually considered to have started to separate musically from jungle in the mid to late 1990s.
Subgenres
Subgenres of jungle include:- Darkcore; instrumental jungle with a dark and more minimal focus (1993-today),
- Hardcore Jungle; a subgenre which has a large influence from the early 1990s Rave scene. Typically, melodic stabs and pitched up vocals feature heavily (1993–1995).
- Intelligent jungle; a more ambientAmbient musicAmbient music is a musical genre that focuses largely on the timbral characteristics of sounds, often organized or performed to evoke an "atmospheric", "visual" or "unobtrusive" quality.- History :...
sound, focusing on mood, synthesis and production methods (1993-today). - Ragga JungleRagga jungleRagga jungle is a genre of music that emerged circa 1989-1990 and was initially heavily based on production of Michael West...
; more Jamaican-Reggae influenced styles and lyrics (circa 1990-today), which often features an MC who recites dancehallDancehallDancehall is a genre of Jamaican popular music that originated in the late 1970s. Initially dancehall was a more sparse version of reggae than the roots style, which had dominated much of the 1970s. In the mid-1980s, digital instrumentation became more prevalent, changing the sound considerably,...
-style lyrics
The fast tempos
Tempo
In musical terminology, tempo is the speed or pace of a given piece. Tempo is a crucial element of any musical composition, as it can affect the mood and difficulty of a piece.-Measuring tempo:...
(150 to 170 bpm) breakbeat
Breakbeat
In 1992, a new style called "jungalistic hardcore" emerged, and for many ravers it was too funky to dance to. Josh Lawford of Ravescene prophesied that the breakbeat was "the death-knell of rave" because the ever changing drumbeat patterns of breakbeat music didn't allow for the same zoned out,...
s, other heavily syncopated percussive loops, samples
Sampling (music)
In music, sampling is the act of taking a portion, or sample, of one sound recording and reusing it as an instrument or a different sound recording of a song or piece. Sampling was originally developed by experimental musicians working with musique concrète and electroacoustic music, who physically...
and synthesized effects makes up the easily recognizable form of jungle. Producers create the drum patterns featured; sometimes completely off-beat, by cutting apart breakbeats most notably the Amen break
Amen break
The Amen break is a brief drum solo performed in 1969 by Gregory Cylvester "G. C." Coleman in the song "Amen, Brother" performed by the 1960s funk and soul outfit The Winstons...
. Long, computer generated pitch shifted snare rolls are also common in oldschool jungle.
Jungle producers incorporated classic Jamaican/Caribbean sound-system culture
Sound system (DJ)
A sound system is a group of DJs and engineers contributing and working together as one, playing and producing music.-Origin:The sound system concept originated in the 1950s in Kingston, Jamaica. DJs would load up a truck with a generator, turntables, and huge speakers to set up street parties...
production-methods. The slower, deep basslines and simple melodies (which are directly descended from dub, reggae and dancehall) accentuated the overall production and hence gave jungle its 'rolling' quality.
The term Jungle
While the use of the word to describe what is now known as jungle is debatable, the emergence of the term in relation to electronic music circles can be roughly traced to lyrics used in Jamaican toasting (a pre-cursor to modern MCsMaster of Ceremonies
A Master of Ceremonies , or compere, is the host of a staged event or similar performance.An MC usually presents performers, speaks to the audience, and generally keeps the event moving....
), circa 1970. References to 'jungle', 'junglists' and 'jungle music' can be found throughout dub, reggae and dancehall genres from that era up until today.
Interestingly, and possibly just coincidentally, the term "jungle music" was used to describe music by Duke Ellington
Duke Ellington
Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington was an American composer, pianist, and big band leader. Ellington wrote over 1,000 compositions...
in the 1920-30's. With African musical and drumming influences they played a rhythmic, exotic sound advertised as "jungle music" and "the jungle sound", the band at that time was often named The Jungle Band on flyers.
It has been suggested that the term 'Junglist' was a reference to a person either from a ghetto of Kingston
Kingston, Jamaica
Kingston is the capital and largest city of Jamaica, located on the southeastern coast of the island. It faces a natural harbour protected by the Palisadoes, a long sand spit which connects the town of Port Royal and the Norman Manley International Airport to the rest of the island...
known as 'The Concrete Jungle' or from a different suburb, 'The Gardens', which was a leafy area colloquially referred to as 'The Jungle'.
The first documented use of the term is within a song featuring jungle producer and lyricist Rebel MC. In which a sample was taken from a much older dancehall
Dancehall
Dancehall is a genre of Jamaican popular music that originated in the late 1970s. Initially dancehall was a more sparse version of reggae than the roots style, which had dominated much of the 1970s. In the mid-1980s, digital instrumentation became more prevalent, changing the sound considerably,...
tune containing the lyrics "Rebel got this chant - "'alla the junglists".
Smiley & PJ from Shut Up and Dance were once not let into a club by a bouncer claiming "We don't play your jungle music here", referring to the more drum oriented oldskool hardcore. They started to use the term themselves.
At one time there was even some confusion and debate as to whether the use of the word "jungle" was a racist referral to its apparently blacker, reggae-influenced sound and fans as it was the black youth of Britain who fueled the early Jungle and drum and bass scenes.
Jungle shares a number of similarities with hip hop. First, both genres have been referred to as "black music." When jungle first gained popularity, it received many of the same complaints that hip hop music first did: It was "too dark" and downbeat, glorified violence and gangs and had a focus on rhythm. Both genres of music are produced using the same types of equipment: samplers, drum machines, microphones and sequencers. Furthermore, the music contains the same sort of components such as "rhythmic complexity, repetition with subtle variations, the significance of the drum, melodic interest in bass frequencies and breaks in pitch and time."
Some early proponents preferred to define the "jungle" element as representing the deeper and darker sound of the heavy beats and bass lines, while others saw a connection with tribal drumming, percussion and simplicity.
Producers and DJs of the early 90's MC 5ive '0, Groove Connection and Kingsley Roast, place the origin of the word in the scene with pioneers like Moose, Soundman and Johnny Jungle.
- "a guy called Johnny Jungle - he is the first person I always quote. ... As soon as the breakbeat started he was calling it that."
The emergence of the jungle sound
In the summer of 1992, a Thursday night clubNightclub
A nightclub is an entertainment venue which usually operates late into the night...
in London called "Rage" was changing in response to the commercialization of the rave
Rave
Rave, rave dance, and rave party are parties that originated mostly from acid house parties, which featured fast-paced electronic music and light shows. At these parties people dance and socialize to dance music played by disc jockeys and occasionally live performers...
scene (see breakbeat hardcore
Breakbeat hardcore
Breakbeat hardcore is a derivative of the acid house and techno, of the late 1980s and early 1990s, that combines four-to-the-floor rhythms with breakbeats, and is associated with the UK rave scene.-The rave scene:...
). Resident DJs Fabio
Fabio (DJ)
Fitzroy Heslop better known by his stage name of Fabio, is a drum and bass DJ and producer from the UK. Fabio has been described as one of the best DJ's of all time. He runs the Creative Source record label.-Biography:...
and Grooverider
Grooverider
Grooverider is a British drum and bass DJ.-Biography:Grooverider began his DJing at illegal raves and warehouse parties in the UK in the late 1980s, and rose to prominence with partner Fabio through his sets at nightclub nights such as 'Rage'. Grooverider was also on the London pirate radio...
; amongst others, began to take the Hardcore
Breakbeat hardcore
Breakbeat hardcore is a derivative of the acid house and techno, of the late 1980s and early 1990s, that combines four-to-the-floor rhythms with breakbeats, and is associated with the UK rave scene.-The rave scene:...
sound to a new level. The speed of the music increased from 120bpm to 145bpm, whilst more ragga
Ragga
-Origins:Ragga originated in Jamaica during the 1980s, at the same time that electronic dance music's popularity was increasing globally. One of the reasons for ragga's swift propagation is that it is generally easier and less expensive to produce than reggae performed on traditional musical...
and dancehall
Dancehall
Dancehall is a genre of Jamaican popular music that originated in the late 1970s. Initially dancehall was a more sparse version of reggae than the roots style, which had dominated much of the 1970s. In the mid-1980s, digital instrumentation became more prevalent, changing the sound considerably,...
elements were brought in and techno, disco and house influences were decreased.
Eventually the music became too fast and difficult to be mixed with more traditional rave music
Rave music
Rave music may either refer the late 1980s genre or any genre of electronic dance music that may be played at an electronic dance party such as a rave. Very rarely, the term is used to refer to less electronic related genres glam, powerpop, psychedelic rock and dub music parties...
, creating a division with the other popular electronic genres. When Hardcore
Breakbeat hardcore
Breakbeat hardcore is a derivative of the acid house and techno, of the late 1980s and early 1990s, that combines four-to-the-floor rhythms with breakbeats, and is associated with the UK rave scene.-The rave scene:...
lost the four-on-the-floor beat, and created percussive elements solely from raw, 'chopped up' breakbeats, the terms jungle, junglist or junglism started being used to describe the music. This was reflected in track titles of the era, typically from late 1992 and early 1993.
The club 'Rage' finally shut its doors in 1993, but the new legion of "Junglist
Junglist
Junglist is a slang term first referring to a person living in an area of West Kingston, Jamaica, called Jungle. Then after as a term referring to a dedicated listener of jungle and/or drum and bass. Tracks from this genre often contain calls and references to the "original junglists" and "jungle...
s" had evolved, changing dancing styles for the faster music, enjoying the off-beat rhythms and with less reliance on the chemical stimulation of the rave era.
Peak
Jungle reached the peak of its popularity between 1994 and 1995, when at this stage the genre was spawning a number of UK Top 40 hits and a series of jungle compilations. It was toward the end of this period that the genre began to more commonly became known as drum and bassDrum and bass
Drum and bass is a type of electronic music which emerged in the late 1980s. The genre is characterized by fast breakbeats , with heavy bass and sub-bass lines...
, as most producers started to incorporate new sounds and rhythms into their music.
Decline
1996 and 1997 saw a less ragga influenced sound and a darker, grittier and more sinister soundscape. Hip hopHip hop
Hip hop is a form of musical expression and artistic culture that originated in African-American and Latino communities during the 1970s in New York City, specifically the Bronx. DJ Afrika Bambaataa outlined the four pillars of hip hop culture: MCing, DJing, breaking and graffiti writing...
and jazz
Jazz
Jazz is a musical style that originated at the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States. It was born out of a mix of African and European music traditions. From its early development until the present, jazz has incorporated music from 19th and 20th...
influenced tracks dominated the clubs in this period. Dillinja
Dillinja
Dillinja, is an English drum and bass DJ, record producer and entrepreneur.-History:...
, Roni Size, Die, Hype, Zinc and Krust were instrumental in the transition of the jungle sound to drum and bass. By the end of 1998 the genre's sound had changed forms significantly from that heard earlier in the decade.
Jungle today
Today the term "jungle" is mostly used as a synonym for drum and bass (See Drum and bass#Differences between drum and bass and jungle). There is a dissenting viewpoint which asserts that jungle exists distinctive to drum and bass, despite the progressive changes brought by the interpretations of emerging artists throughout the late 90s, (some examples being ReprazentReprazent
Reprazent is a British drum and bass act formed by Roni Size. Their debut album New Forms won the Mercury Music Prize in 1997. Their follow-up album In The Mode featured artists including Rahzel, Zack de la Rocha of Rage Against the Machine and Method Man.Roni Size resurrected Reprazent in 2008...
, Ed Rush
Ed Rush
Ed Rush is the recording name of Ben Settle; a prominent jungle/techstep/neurofunk DJ, who often produces tracks in collaboration with Optical. Hailing from west London, he came to prominence with the release of the track Bludclot Artattack in 1993...
, LTJ Bukem
LTJ Bukem
LTJ Bukem is the stage name used by the drum and bass musician, producer and DJ Danny Williamson . He and his record labels Good Looking and Looking Good Records are most associated with the jazzy, atmospheric side of drum and bass music....
, Potential Bad Boy, Digital
Digital
A digital system is a data technology that uses discrete values. By contrast, non-digital systems use a continuous range of values to represent information...
, Total Science
Total Science
Total Science is the stage name of drum and bass producers Jason Greenhalgh and Paul Smith.The pair first met in 1987, both living on Blackbird Leys estate in Oxford, England and brought together through a mutual love of hip hop. Distracted by the arrival of hardcore in the early nineties, record...
, Goldie
Goldie
Clifford Joseph Price, better known as Goldie is an English electronic music artist, disc jockey, visual artist and actor. He is well known for his innovations in the jungle and drum and bass music genres, having previously gained exposure for his work as a graffiti artist...
and Optical
Optical (artist)
Matt Quinn, better known as Optical, is a drum and bass producer and DJ from England.He is best known for his work with Ed Rush, fellow head of the Virus Recordings label, and as a pioneer of the techstep and neurofunk sound...
).
There is certainly a thriving underground movement producing and developing tracks in the style of a decade ago and some original (though currently mainstream drum & bass) jungle producers have noticed this new enthusiasm for the original sound. The North American ragga-jungle revival in 2001 saw many new names emerge to carry the torch. Krinjah, RCola and Chopstick Dubplate pushed things forward with junglized remixes of classic reggae tunes often produced with re-voicing done by the original singers.
In the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
the jungle scene, though underground, is still thriving with club nights specifically tributed to the oldschool jungle sound as well as more modern Drum and Bass
Drum and bass
Drum and bass is a type of electronic music which emerged in the late 1980s. The genre is characterized by fast breakbeats , with heavy bass and sub-bass lines...
. Many famous DJs from the original scene, such as Ray Keith, Remarc, Kenny Ken and Doc Scott, just to name a few, are still touring the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
and the USA to perform live; strictly playing oldschool jungle circa 1993-1997.
Shy FX
Shy FX
Shy FX is the pseudonym of Andre Williams, an English DJ and Producer from London. He specializes in Drum and Bass and Jungle music.-Biography:...
, creator of "Original Nuttah" with UK Apache, has recently launched the Digital Sound Boy label, and Canadian imprint JungleXpeditions features songs with the structure and production values of modern drum & bass but with ragga vocals and multiple reggae and oldskool elements from an international roster of newschool producers. Ragga vocals and oldskool elements have always featured in the works of drum & bass producers and labels, particularly True Playaz
True Playaz
True Playaz is a drum and bass and Jungle record label, collective and club night run by DJ Hype, DJ Zinc and Pascal.Current artists recording for the label include all of the founding artists, as well as DJ Hazard, Potential Badboy, Phantasy and Swift....
and the last three years has seen a resurgence of vocalized productions.
There has also been an eastern European, jungle oriented, underground movement with clothing fashions similar to the UK's 90s Rave scene
Rave
Rave, rave dance, and rave party are parties that originated mostly from acid house parties, which featured fast-paced electronic music and light shows. At these parties people dance and socialize to dance music played by disc jockeys and occasionally live performers...
. Most notably countries such as Bulgaria
Bulgaria
Bulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east...
are beginning an oldskool jungle revival.
Notable artists
- 4hero
- A Guy Called GeraldA Guy Called GeraldA Guy Called Gerald is the stage name for the musician, record producer and DJ Gerald Simpson ....
- Andy CAndy CAndy C , born Andrew John Clarke, is an English DJ and producer and co-founder of the RAM Recording Studio. He is the son of Mick Clarke, bass player and founder member of the Rubettes, who had hits in the seventies like Sugar Baby Love, Tonight and I Can Do It.He is considered a pioneering force...
- AphroditeAphrodite (artist)Aphrodite also known as A Zone or DJ Aphro, is a UK jungle and drum and bass DJ/producer commonly referred to as the "Godfather of Jungle", who works along with Micky Finn on their joint Urban Takeover label...
- Congo Natty
- DillinjaDillinjaDillinja, is an English drum and bass DJ, record producer and entrepreneur.-History:...
- DJ HypeDJ HypeDJ Hype is a stage name of drum and bass producer and DJ, Kevin Ford. His 1993 track, "Shot in the Dark", appeared in the UK Singles Chart in 1993.-Biography:...
- DJ Krust
- DJ SSDJ SSDJ SS is an English drum and bass DJ and record producer. SS is short for Scratchenstein, which is a name he used when he was a hip hop scratch DJ, and a part of the hip hop act, The Formation Five, whose name inspired the name of his record label...
- DJ DextrousDJ DextrousDJ Dextrous, Dextrous or Dex is the stage name of composer, producer and DJ Errol Francis. Born and bred in North London's Stoke Newington area, at Brooke House Boy's School he associated with DJ Hype as well as Smiley and PJ from the group Shut Up and Dance, DJed at school discos, played trumpet...
- DJ ZincDJ ZincBenjamin Pettit, better known by his stage name DJ Zinc, is a drum and bass / breakstep DJ from the United Kingdom. Zinc is well known for 1995's "Super Sharp Shooter", a hip hop / jungle fusion.-Biography:...
- DJ Trace
- Ed RushEd RushEd Rush is the recording name of Ben Settle; a prominent jungle/techstep/neurofunk DJ, who often produces tracks in collaboration with Optical. Hailing from west London, he came to prominence with the release of the track Bludclot Artattack in 1993...
- Foul PlayFoul PlayFoul Play is a 1978 American comic mystery/thriller film written and directed by Colin Higgins. In it, a recently divorced librarian is drawn into a mystery when a stranger hides a roll of film in a pack of cigarettes and gives it to her for safekeeping....
- GrooveriderGrooveriderGrooverider is a British drum and bass DJ.-Biography:Grooverider began his DJing at illegal raves and warehouse parties in the UK in the late 1980s, and rose to prominence with partner Fabio through his sets at nightclub nights such as 'Rage'. Grooverider was also on the London pirate radio...
- Krome & Time
- LTJ BukemLTJ BukemLTJ Bukem is the stage name used by the drum and bass musician, producer and DJ Danny Williamson . He and his record labels Good Looking and Looking Good Records are most associated with the jazzy, atmospheric side of drum and bass music....
- Marvelous Cain
- Micky FinnMicky FinnMicky Finn is a British DJ and music producer.He is the founder of Urban Takeover Records, and is one of the original rave scene and jungle pioneers...
- Omni Trio
- PascalPascal (musician)Pascal is the stage name of drum and bass DJ and producer Pascal Redpath.Like many other producers in the genre, Pascal's involvement in drum and bass came through a love of hip hop...
- Persian Prince
- Randall
- Ray Keith
- Remarc
- Shy FXShy FXShy FX is the pseudonym of Andre Williams, an English DJ and Producer from London. He specializes in Drum and Bass and Jungle music.-Biography:...
- Stevie Hyper D
External links
- http://www.renegaderadio.co.uk - Renegade Radio - Jungle, Drum & Bass, Old Skool Radio Station
- http://www.ruggednorth.com - Massive OldSkool Audio Archive
- http://www.junglex.ca - ragga-jungle vinyl distribution / label group
- http://www.thejunglepreserve.org - The Jungle Preserve
- http://www.goldenerajungle.com - Golden Era Jungle
- http://junglistradio.info - Old School Jungle Mixes, Videos and Radio Broadcasts
- http://www.junglistdownload.com - revived Oldskool jungle digital releases
- http://www.ravearchive.com - Rave Archive - contains digitized mixes from many Old School Jungle DJs from the United States, plus related rave ephemera.
- http://radio.killawaves.org - Killawaves Radio - Old skool, jungle and drum and bass radio station with download archive
'