Oliver Ingham
Encyclopedia
Oliver Ingham (1287–1344) was an English
commander and administrator in Aquitaine
during the War of Saint-Sardos
and early Hundred Years War.
He was born in 1287 at Ellesmere, Shropshire
to Oliver de Ingham and Margery. He became Sheriff
of Cheshire
.
Ingham was jailed at Winchester for his involvement in the civil wars of Edward II of England
, but was released in 1324 to serve under Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent
in the Duchy of Aquitaine during the short War of Saint-Sardos against France
. The war was a disaster for the English; the defences were poorly prepared and most towns attacked by the French surrendered immediately. The western part of the Duchy, the Agenais
, was lost in a few weeks. After arranging a truce, the Earl of Kent departed for England in 1325. In 1326 Ingham was appointed Seneschal of Gascony
, the highest post in what remained in English possession. He managed to raise an army of mercenaries and capture a number of strongholds in Agenais and Saintonge
. However the political climate at home had changed. Edward II had been deposed and replaced by his son Edward III
under the regency of Queen Isabella
and Roger Mortimer
. The regents wanted peace and in the final treaty the loss of Agenais was accepted and Ingham’s conquests abandoned.
To appease the French Ingham was at first recalled to England, but was reappointed Seneschal of Gascony in June 1331. He still held this office in 1337 when the Hundred Years War broke out and he was tasked with defending Gascony from French invasion. The defences of the duchy had been undermined with the loss of several key castles in the previous war and the loyalty of the local nobility was divided as many owned estates on both sides of the border. English strategy in the early years centred on invading Northern France; Ingham therefore received neither troops nor funds from England, but had to relay entirely on local resources. The income of the duchy depended mainly on tolls and customs on the river trade, this dried up almost entirely with the onset of war. Most of what revenue remained had to be expended on paying garrison commanders. As a result Ingham’s government at Bordeaux
had very limited options in how to conduct the defence.
Died: 1344, Ingham, Norfolk, England, buried Holy Trinity Church, Ingham.
, Shropshire
Children:
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west, with the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south separating it from continental...
commander and administrator in Aquitaine
Aquitaine
Aquitaine , archaic Guyenne/Guienne , is one of the 27 regions of France, in the south-western part of metropolitan France, along the Atlantic Ocean and the Pyrenees mountain range on the border with Spain. It comprises the 5 departments of Dordogne, :Lot et Garonne, :Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Landes...
during the War of Saint-Sardos
War of Saint-Sardos
The War of Saint-Sardos was a short war fought between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France in 1324. The war was a clear defeat for the English, and led indirectly to the overthrowing of Edward II of England...
and early Hundred Years War.
He was born in 1287 at Ellesmere, Shropshire
Ellesmere, Shropshire
Ellesmere is a small market town near Oswestry in north Shropshire, England, notable for its proximity to a number of prominent lakes, the Meres.-History:...
to Oliver de Ingham and Margery. He became Sheriff
Sheriff
A sheriff is in principle a legal official with responsibility for a county. In practice, the specific combination of legal, political, and ceremonial duties of a sheriff varies greatly from country to country....
of Cheshire
Cheshire
Cheshire is a ceremonial county in North West England. Cheshire's county town is the city of Chester, although its largest town is Warrington. Other major towns include Widnes, Congleton, Crewe, Ellesmere Port, Runcorn, Macclesfield, Winsford, Northwich, and Wilmslow...
.
Ingham was jailed at Winchester for his involvement in the civil wars of Edward II of England
Edward II of England
Edward II , called Edward of Caernarfon, was King of England from 1307 until he was deposed by his wife Isabella in January 1327. He was the sixth Plantagenet king, in a line that began with the reign of Henry II...
, but was released in 1324 to serve under Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent
Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent
Edmund of Woodstock, 1st Earl of Kent was a member of the English Royal Family.-Early life:He was born at Woodstock in Oxfordshire, the son of Edward I Longshanks, King of England and his second wife, Margaret of France. He was 62 years younger than his father, who died when Edmund of Woodstock...
in the Duchy of Aquitaine during the short War of Saint-Sardos against France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
. The war was a disaster for the English; the defences were poorly prepared and most towns attacked by the French surrendered immediately. The western part of the Duchy, the Agenais
Agenais
Agenais, or Agenois, was a province of France located in southwest France south of Périgord.In ancient Gaul the region was the country of the Nitiobroges with Aginnum for their capital, which in the fourth century was the Civitas Agennensium, which was a part of Aquitania Secunda and which formed...
, was lost in a few weeks. After arranging a truce, the Earl of Kent departed for England in 1325. In 1326 Ingham was appointed Seneschal of Gascony
Gascony
Gascony is an area of southwest France that was part of the "Province of Guyenne and Gascony" prior to the French Revolution. The region is vaguely defined and the distinction between Guyenne and Gascony is unclear; sometimes they are considered to overlap, and sometimes Gascony is considered a...
, the highest post in what remained in English possession. He managed to raise an army of mercenaries and capture a number of strongholds in Agenais and Saintonge
Saintonge
Saintonge is a small region on the Atlantic coast of France within the département Charente-Maritime, west and south of Charente in the administrative region of Poitou-Charentes....
. However the political climate at home had changed. Edward II had been deposed and replaced by his son Edward III
Edward III of England
Edward III was King of England from 1327 until his death and is noted for his military success. Restoring royal authority after the disastrous reign of his father, Edward II, Edward III went on to transform the Kingdom of England into one of the most formidable military powers in Europe...
under the regency of Queen Isabella
Isabella of France
Isabella of France , sometimes described as the She-wolf of France, was Queen consort of England as the wife of Edward II of England. She was the youngest surviving child and only surviving daughter of Philip IV of France and Joan I of Navarre...
and Roger Mortimer
Roger Mortimer
Roger Mortimer was the name of several Marcher lords:* Roger Mortimer of Wigmore , married Isabel de Ferriers and became Lord of Maelienydd...
. The regents wanted peace and in the final treaty the loss of Agenais was accepted and Ingham’s conquests abandoned.
To appease the French Ingham was at first recalled to England, but was reappointed Seneschal of Gascony in June 1331. He still held this office in 1337 when the Hundred Years War broke out and he was tasked with defending Gascony from French invasion. The defences of the duchy had been undermined with the loss of several key castles in the previous war and the loyalty of the local nobility was divided as many owned estates on both sides of the border. English strategy in the early years centred on invading Northern France; Ingham therefore received neither troops nor funds from England, but had to relay entirely on local resources. The income of the duchy depended mainly on tolls and customs on the river trade, this dried up almost entirely with the onset of war. Most of what revenue remained had to be expended on paying garrison commanders. As a result Ingham’s government at Bordeaux
Bordeaux
Bordeaux is a port city on the Garonne River in the Gironde department in southwestern France.The Bordeaux-Arcachon-Libourne metropolitan area, has a population of 1,010,000 and constitutes the sixth-largest urban area in France. It is the capital of the Aquitaine region, as well as the prefecture...
had very limited options in how to conduct the defence.
Died: 1344, Ingham, Norfolk, England, buried Holy Trinity Church, Ingham.
Coat of arms
The coat of arms of Oliver Ingham was per pale, or and vert, a cross recercele, or, moline, gules http://www.krigsspil.dk/download/hyw/misc08.jpg.
Family
Married: Elizabeth Zouche, b 1282, EllesmereEllesmere, Shropshire
Ellesmere is a small market town near Oswestry in north Shropshire, England, notable for its proximity to a number of prominent lakes, the Meres.-History:...
, Shropshire
Shropshire
Shropshire is a county in the West Midlands region of England. For Eurostat purposes, the county is a NUTS 3 region and is one of four counties or unitary districts that comprise the "Shropshire and Staffordshire" NUTS 2 region. It borders Wales to the west...
Children:
- Elizabeth Ingham
- m John Curson
- Joan de Ingham b. 1320, d. 1364
- m Lord Robert (Roger) Le Strange of Knockyn, b 15 Aug 1301 in KnockinKnockin-History:Knockin is a village and civil parish located on the B4396 in Shropshire, England. It comprises mainly historic detached buildings in a rural setting. Much of Knockin was owned by the Earl of Bradford until it was sold off in lots to meet other financial demands. The Earl still owns the...
, Shropshire, d 29 Jul 1349 in Sedgbrook, Lincolnshire son of John le Strange (who became Lord Strange of KnockinBaron StrangeBaron Strange is a title that has been created several times in the Peerage of England. Two creations, one in 1295 and another in 1325, had only one holder each, upon the death of whom they became extinct. Two of the creations are still extant, however...
in 1299) & Isolda de Walton
- m Lord Robert (Roger) Le Strange of Knockyn, b 15 Aug 1301 in Knockin
-
- m 30 Nov 1350 in Ingham, Norfolk a Sir Myles StapletonMiles Stapleton of BedaleSir Miles Stapleton of Bedale KG was an English knight, one of the Knights Founder of the Order of the Garter. He was the eldest son of Gilbert de Stapleton, knt. , and the grandson of Miles de Stapleton . His mother was Matilda Sir Miles Stapleton of Bedale (or of Cotherstone) KG (1320?–1364)...
KG, b c1318, BedaleBedaleBedale is a market town and civil parish in the district of Hambleton, North Yorkshire, England. It lies north of Leeds, southwest of Middlesbrough, and south west of the county town of Northallerton...
, YorkshireYorkshireYorkshire is a historic county of northern England and the largest in the United Kingdom. Because of its great size in comparison to other English counties, functions have been increasingly undertaken over time by its subdivisions, which have also been subject to periodic reform...
, d 4 Dec 1364. son of sir Gilbert Stapleton & Agnes Fitzlan of Bedale
- m 30 Nov 1350 in Ingham, Norfolk a Sir Myles Stapleton