Oliwa
Encyclopedia
Oliwa, also Oliva is one of the quarters of Gdańsk
. From east it borders Przymorze and Żabianka, from the north Sopot and from the south with the districts of Strzyża, VII Dwór and Brętowo, while from the west with Matarnia and Osowa. It is known for its medieval monastery, the 1627 Battle of Oliva and the 1660 Peace of Oliva.
city of Gdańsk
. It is bordered on the east by the Bay of Gdańsk (Zatoka Gdańska), on the north by the town of Sopot
, on the south by the boroughs of Wrzeszcz
and Zaspa
and on the west by the chain of hills and forest surrounding Gdańsk. Except for the 'old city' Oliwa encompasses the boroughs of Polanki, Jelitkowo
, Przymorze
and Zabianka
.
. The Cistercian Monks' tradition (unconfirmed by other sources) speaks of it as an early seat of power of the Pomeranian Princes. The name of this suspected burgh
is unknown.
The first mention of Oliwa dates to AD 1186 when the Cistercians established a monastery
there. The Cistercian Monks named it Oliva, either derived from an older Slavic
name or the biblical Mount of Olives
or olive tree
. The monks received a deed of ownership from the contemporary Pomeranian duchies and dukes Sambor I of Pomerania
in 1188. The deed encompassed a number of villages, including Oliwa which became a monastic village for long centuries to come. The village's history is directly linked to the development of the monastery.
Famous events in the history of Oliwa were the 1627 Battle of Oliva during the Swedish invasions and the 1660 Peace of Oliva.
As a result of the 1st Partition of Poland
in 1772 Oliwa became part of Prussia
, at that time it was inhabited by about 500 people and counting approximately 70 buildings. The Prussians confiscated all of the Cistercian Monks' possessions. The abbey prior received a salary and the monastery received financial reparations. In 1804 Oliva became an administrative headquarter for the surrounding villages and the administrator settled in the former abbey gatehouse.
until 1813 when the Russians entered Oliva and once again used the abbey as a field hospital. In 1815 Oliva and Danzig became part of the Prussian Kingdom.
A period of relative calm ensued. In 1822 a paved road joining Oliva and Danzig was built. In 1831 the monastery was liquidated. The abbey became a Catholic parish and the former parish church was transferred to the local Evangelical Protestant community. The Oliva parish consisted of a number of small settlements from Zoppot (Sopot
) to Danzig including today's boroughs of Wrzeszcz
, Zaspa
, Nowy Port
, Wysoka
and Rynarzewo. The Dom Bramny underwent renovation in 1836 so as to be able to function as a modern administrative center. Gustav Schilling was nominated as the first Vogt
(administrator of a number of villages) in 1852.
In 1864 the villages of Polanki and Schwabenthal became part of Oliva, which by then numbered approximately 2000 inhabitants. In 1867 a new Vogt is nominated i.e. Herman Tümmler. During his term Oliva gained a rail connection with Danzig (Gdańsk) and Köslin (Koszalin
) in 1870. In 1873 a local enterprise Quistrop established a horse drawn tramline. The line met its demise in 1879 because it was not very profitable. In 1874 Oliva becomes a township and the first community leader is Georg Czachowski. During his term a number of paved roads joining the township with surrounding settlements were built and the number of inhabitants surpassed 4000. Between 1885 and 1907 Oliva was headed by a number of administrators and slowly expanded in all directions, not in the least due to the continuing efforts in improving the infrastructure. The seaside community of Jelitkowo
was incorporated by Oliva in 1907. Jelitkowo became a center of leisure with bathhouses and a wooden pier. In the same year a gas factory was built. In 1911 Oliva received running water, although a sewage system was not installed until 1921. By 1910 there were more than 9000 inhabitants.
In 1910 Oliva celebrated the 250th anniversary of the Treaty of Oliva
. In 1911 a Catholic school was established at today's Cistercians' Street. The surrounding forest was enriched by a Hortus Botanicus
in 1912. In 1913 another railway line was added, joining Oliva with the Kashubian
town of Kościerzyna
. After World War I
and on the basis of the Treaty of Versailles
the Free City of Danzig
was established on November 15, 1920 under the protectorate of the League of Nations
and Poland
. The borders of the free city included Oliva; a part of the parish was however in Poland.
In 1921 Herbert Creutzburg was nominated as the mayor of Oliva. His term was disastrous. He wanted to open a casino styled on the Sopot
casino (by then Sopot was a renowned seaside spa). He ruined the city funds and the losses amounted to 400.000 guilders. The losses were paid up by the city of Danzig which sped up the annexation of Oliva by Danzig on July 1, 1926. The remainder of the twenties brought a lot of prosperity. A paint factory "Daol" and a chocolate factory "Anglas" were established. These still exist today, although under different names. The world renowned Dr.Oetker company also established a factory in Oliva in the twenties. In 1926 a small Zoo
and fur farm were established. The Zoo is today one of the largest in Poland. The most important event of 1926 were however the celebrations of the 750th anniversary of Oliwa
In the thirties the National-Socialist
NSDAP was gaining strength in the free city. In 1930 the party numbered 500 in Danzig. In 1932 when Adolf Hitler
made a stopover at the Zaspa
airport he was greeted by 10,000 NSDAP members. In 1939 the square in front of the (then recently upgraded) Oliva cathedral was paved with granite slabs and was frequently used as a drill terrain for the Hitlerjugend. On August 23, 1939 Albert Forster
was named head of state and took full control of the free city. A week later World War II
started when the German cruiser Schleswig-Holstein
attacked a small outpost on the Westerplatte
. Polish activists including priests were arrested by the Germans who took over all the important control points and marched into Poland. Freie Stadt Danzig with Oliva, together with the Polish Pomeranian voivodship (Polish Corridor
) were annexed by the Reich
as Reichsgau Danzig-Westpreussen.
In March 1945 the advancing Red Army
captured Oliva (and the surrounding regions). The land was returned to Poland. During the post war years Oliwa developed in tune with the rest of the city of Gdańsk.
Gdansk
Gdańsk is a Polish city on the Baltic coast, at the centre of the country's fourth-largest metropolitan area.The city lies on the southern edge of Gdańsk Bay , in a conurbation with the city of Gdynia, spa town of Sopot, and suburban communities, which together form a metropolitan area called the...
. From east it borders Przymorze and Żabianka, from the north Sopot and from the south with the districts of Strzyża, VII Dwór and Brętowo, while from the west with Matarnia and Osowa. It is known for its medieval monastery, the 1627 Battle of Oliva and the 1660 Peace of Oliva.
Administration
Oliwa is a part of the northern PolishPoland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
city of Gdańsk
Gdansk
Gdańsk is a Polish city on the Baltic coast, at the centre of the country's fourth-largest metropolitan area.The city lies on the southern edge of Gdańsk Bay , in a conurbation with the city of Gdynia, spa town of Sopot, and suburban communities, which together form a metropolitan area called the...
. It is bordered on the east by the Bay of Gdańsk (Zatoka Gdańska), on the north by the town of Sopot
Sopot
Sopot is a seaside town in Eastern Pomerania on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea in northern Poland, with a population of approximately 40,000....
, on the south by the boroughs of Wrzeszcz
Wrzeszcz
Wrzeszcz is one of the boroughs of the Northern Polish city of Gdańsk. With a population of more than 65,000 in an area of 9.9 km² , Wrzeszcz is the most populous part of Gdańsk.- History :...
and Zaspa
Zaspa
Zaspa is one of the quarters of the city of Gdańsk, Poland. Divided into two quarters:*Zaspa-Młyniec *Zaspa-RozstajeZaspa was founded on a place previously occupied by an airport...
and on the west by the chain of hills and forest surrounding Gdańsk. Except for the 'old city' Oliwa encompasses the boroughs of Polanki, Jelitkowo
Jelitkowo
Jelitkowo is one of the quarters of the city of Gdańsk in neighbourhood to Sopot, Poland.Located on the sea side, with beautiful sandy beaches, the town became known as an Ostsee-Bad Glettkau, a Baltic Sea Bad . Some important hotels, windsurfing schools and centers of water sports are in today's...
, Przymorze
Przymorze
Przymorze is one of the quarters of the city of Gdańsk. Divided into 2 quarters:* Przymorze Małe * Przymorze Wielkie*inhabitants: 54,277*area: 5.6- External links :...
and Zabianka
Zabianka
Żabianka and Jelitkowo, Wejhera, Tysiąclecia is one of the quarters of the city of Gdańsk, on the border with Sopot. Also the SKM stop called Gdańsk Żabianka....
.
Population and sites
The population in 2004 was 19,824. The area is 18.23 km² with a population density of 1,087 persons per square km. An interesting site is the old cathedral. Other sites to see are the kloster palace with a park and a botanical garden.Oliva abbey
It is not exactly known when Oliwa was established. Archeological excavations suggest that the first settlement in this area was established in early Iron AgeIron Age
The Iron Age is the archaeological period generally occurring after the Bronze Age, marked by the prevalent use of iron. The early period of the age is characterized by the widespread use of iron or steel. The adoption of such material coincided with other changes in society, including differing...
. The Cistercian Monks' tradition (unconfirmed by other sources) speaks of it as an early seat of power of the Pomeranian Princes. The name of this suspected burgh
Burgh
A burgh was an autonomous corporate entity in Scotland and Northern England, usually a town. This type of administrative division existed from the 12th century, when King David I created the first royal burghs. Burgh status was broadly analogous to borough status, found in the rest of the United...
is unknown.
The first mention of Oliwa dates to AD 1186 when the Cistercians established a monastery
Monastery
Monastery denotes the building, or complex of buildings, that houses a room reserved for prayer as well as the domestic quarters and workplace of monastics, whether monks or nuns, and whether living in community or alone .Monasteries may vary greatly in size – a small dwelling accommodating only...
there. The Cistercian Monks named it Oliva, either derived from an older Slavic
Slavic languages
The Slavic languages , a group of closely related languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages, have speakers in most of Eastern Europe, in much of the Balkans, in parts of Central Europe, and in the northern part of Asia.-Branches:Scholars traditionally divide Slavic...
name or the biblical Mount of Olives
Mount of Olives
The Mount of Olives is a mountain ridge in East Jerusalem with three peaks running from north to south. The highest, at-Tur, rises to 818 meters . It is named for the olive groves that once covered its slopes...
or olive tree
Olive Tree
The Olive Tree was a denomination used for several successive centre-left Italian political coalitions from 1995 to 2007.The historical leader and ideologue of these coalitions was Romano Prodi, Professor of Economics and former leftist Christian Democrat, who invented the name and the symbol of...
. The monks received a deed of ownership from the contemporary Pomeranian duchies and dukes Sambor I of Pomerania
Sambor I of Pomerania
Sambor I of Gdańsk or Sambor I of Pomerania was a Duke of Pomerelia from 1180 until his death.He was the elder son of Duke Sobiesław I and an early scion of the Samborides dynasty, which is named after him...
in 1188. The deed encompassed a number of villages, including Oliwa which became a monastic village for long centuries to come. The village's history is directly linked to the development of the monastery.
Famous events in the history of Oliwa were the 1627 Battle of Oliva during the Swedish invasions and the 1660 Peace of Oliva.
As a result of the 1st Partition of Poland
Partitions of Poland
The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland for 123 years...
in 1772 Oliwa became part of Prussia
Prussia
Prussia was a German kingdom and historic state originating out of the Duchy of Prussia and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. For centuries, the House of Hohenzollern ruled Prussia, successfully expanding its size by way of an unusually well-organized and effective army. Prussia shaped the history...
, at that time it was inhabited by about 500 people and counting approximately 70 buildings. The Prussians confiscated all of the Cistercian Monks' possessions. The abbey prior received a salary and the monastery received financial reparations. In 1804 Oliva became an administrative headquarter for the surrounding villages and the administrator settled in the former abbey gatehouse.
Oliva as a Danzig (Gdansk) suburb
In 1807 the Napoleonic armies took the village over and set up a field hospital in the abbey. Napoleon stayed in one of the local estates. Oliva became part of the Free City of DanzigFree City of Danzig
The Free City of Danzig was a semi-autonomous city-state that existed between 1920 and 1939, consisting of the Baltic Sea port of Danzig and surrounding areas....
until 1813 when the Russians entered Oliva and once again used the abbey as a field hospital. In 1815 Oliva and Danzig became part of the Prussian Kingdom.
A period of relative calm ensued. In 1822 a paved road joining Oliva and Danzig was built. In 1831 the monastery was liquidated. The abbey became a Catholic parish and the former parish church was transferred to the local Evangelical Protestant community. The Oliva parish consisted of a number of small settlements from Zoppot (Sopot
Sopot
Sopot is a seaside town in Eastern Pomerania on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea in northern Poland, with a population of approximately 40,000....
) to Danzig including today's boroughs of Wrzeszcz
Wrzeszcz
Wrzeszcz is one of the boroughs of the Northern Polish city of Gdańsk. With a population of more than 65,000 in an area of 9.9 km² , Wrzeszcz is the most populous part of Gdańsk.- History :...
, Zaspa
Zaspa
Zaspa is one of the quarters of the city of Gdańsk, Poland. Divided into two quarters:*Zaspa-Młyniec *Zaspa-RozstajeZaspa was founded on a place previously occupied by an airport...
, Nowy Port
Nowy Port
-External links:*...
, Wysoka
Wysoka
Wysoka is a town in Piła County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland, with 2,760 inhabitants . The current Mayor is Marek Madej.- History :...
and Rynarzewo. The Dom Bramny underwent renovation in 1836 so as to be able to function as a modern administrative center. Gustav Schilling was nominated as the first Vogt
Vogt
A Vogt ; plural Vögte; Dutch voogd; Danish foged; ; ultimately from Latin [ad]vocatus) in the Holy Roman Empire was the German title of a reeve or advocate, an overlord exerting guardianship or military protection as well as secular justice...
(administrator of a number of villages) in 1852.
In 1864 the villages of Polanki and Schwabenthal became part of Oliva, which by then numbered approximately 2000 inhabitants. In 1867 a new Vogt is nominated i.e. Herman Tümmler. During his term Oliva gained a rail connection with Danzig (Gdańsk) and Köslin (Koszalin
Koszalin
Koszalin ; is the largest city of Middle Pomerania in north-western Poland. It is located 12 km south of the Baltic Sea coast. Koszalin is also a county-status city and capital of Koszalin County of West Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999...
) in 1870. In 1873 a local enterprise Quistrop established a horse drawn tramline. The line met its demise in 1879 because it was not very profitable. In 1874 Oliva becomes a township and the first community leader is Georg Czachowski. During his term a number of paved roads joining the township with surrounding settlements were built and the number of inhabitants surpassed 4000. Between 1885 and 1907 Oliva was headed by a number of administrators and slowly expanded in all directions, not in the least due to the continuing efforts in improving the infrastructure. The seaside community of Jelitkowo
Jelitkowo
Jelitkowo is one of the quarters of the city of Gdańsk in neighbourhood to Sopot, Poland.Located on the sea side, with beautiful sandy beaches, the town became known as an Ostsee-Bad Glettkau, a Baltic Sea Bad . Some important hotels, windsurfing schools and centers of water sports are in today's...
was incorporated by Oliva in 1907. Jelitkowo became a center of leisure with bathhouses and a wooden pier. In the same year a gas factory was built. In 1911 Oliva received running water, although a sewage system was not installed until 1921. By 1910 there were more than 9000 inhabitants.
In 1910 Oliva celebrated the 250th anniversary of the Treaty of Oliva
Treaty of Oliva
The Treaty or Peace of Oliva of 23 April /3 May 1660 was one of the peace treaties ending the Second Northern War...
. In 1911 a Catholic school was established at today's Cistercians' Street. The surrounding forest was enriched by a Hortus Botanicus
Hortus Botanicus
Hortus botanicus is a Latin term for botanical garden. It may refer to:*Hortus Botanicus Leiden*Hortus Botanicus Amsterdam*Hortus Botanicus Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam...
in 1912. In 1913 another railway line was added, joining Oliva with the Kashubian
Kashubians
Kashubians/Kaszubians , also called Kashubs, Kashubes, Kaszubians, Kassubians or Cassubians, are a West Slavic ethnic group in Pomerelia, north-central Poland. Their settlement area is referred to as Kashubia ....
town of Kościerzyna
Koscierzyna
Kościerzyna is a town in Kashubia in Gdańsk Pomerania region, northern Poland, with some 24,000 inhabitants. It has been the capital of Kościerzyna County in Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999; previously it was in Gdańsk Voivodeship from 1975 to 1998...
. After World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
and on the basis of the Treaty of Versailles
Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The other Central Powers on the German side of...
the Free City of Danzig
Free City of Danzig
The Free City of Danzig was a semi-autonomous city-state that existed between 1920 and 1939, consisting of the Baltic Sea port of Danzig and surrounding areas....
was established on November 15, 1920 under the protectorate of the League of Nations
League of Nations
The League of Nations was an intergovernmental organization founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. It was the first permanent international organization whose principal mission was to maintain world peace...
and Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
. The borders of the free city included Oliva; a part of the parish was however in Poland.
In 1921 Herbert Creutzburg was nominated as the mayor of Oliva. His term was disastrous. He wanted to open a casino styled on the Sopot
Sopot
Sopot is a seaside town in Eastern Pomerania on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea in northern Poland, with a population of approximately 40,000....
casino (by then Sopot was a renowned seaside spa). He ruined the city funds and the losses amounted to 400.000 guilders. The losses were paid up by the city of Danzig which sped up the annexation of Oliva by Danzig on July 1, 1926. The remainder of the twenties brought a lot of prosperity. A paint factory "Daol" and a chocolate factory "Anglas" were established. These still exist today, although under different names. The world renowned Dr.Oetker company also established a factory in Oliva in the twenties. In 1926 a small Zoo
Zoo
A zoological garden, zoological park, menagerie, or zoo is a facility in which animals are confined within enclosures, displayed to the public, and in which they may also be bred....
and fur farm were established. The Zoo is today one of the largest in Poland. The most important event of 1926 were however the celebrations of the 750th anniversary of Oliwa
In the thirties the National-Socialist
Nazism
Nazism, the common short form name of National Socialism was the ideology and practice of the Nazi Party and of Nazi Germany...
NSDAP was gaining strength in the free city. In 1930 the party numbered 500 in Danzig. In 1932 when Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler
Adolf Hitler was an Austrian-born German politician and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party , commonly referred to as the Nazi Party). He was Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and head of state from 1934 to 1945...
made a stopover at the Zaspa
Zaspa
Zaspa is one of the quarters of the city of Gdańsk, Poland. Divided into two quarters:*Zaspa-Młyniec *Zaspa-RozstajeZaspa was founded on a place previously occupied by an airport...
airport he was greeted by 10,000 NSDAP members. In 1939 the square in front of the (then recently upgraded) Oliva cathedral was paved with granite slabs and was frequently used as a drill terrain for the Hitlerjugend. On August 23, 1939 Albert Forster
Albert Forster
Albert Maria Forster was a Nazi German politician. Under his administration as the Gauleiter of Danzig-West Prussia during the Second World War, the local non-German population suffered ethnic cleansing, mass murder, and forceful Germanisation...
was named head of state and took full control of the free city. A week later World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
started when the German cruiser Schleswig-Holstein
Schleswig-Holstein
Schleswig-Holstein is the northernmost of the sixteen states of Germany, comprising most of the historical duchy of Holstein and the southern part of the former Duchy of Schleswig...
attacked a small outpost on the Westerplatte
Westerplatte
Westerplatte is a peninsula in Gdańsk, Poland, located on the Baltic Sea coast mouth of the Dead Vistula , in the Gdańsk harbour channel...
. Polish activists including priests were arrested by the Germans who took over all the important control points and marched into Poland. Freie Stadt Danzig with Oliva, together with the Polish Pomeranian voivodship (Polish Corridor
Polish Corridor
The Polish Corridor , also known as Danzig Corridor, Corridor to the Sea or Gdańsk Corridor, was a territory located in the region of Pomerelia , which provided the Second Republic of Poland with access to the Baltic Sea, thus dividing the bulk of Germany from the province of East...
) were annexed by the Reich
Reich
Reich is a German word cognate with the English rich, but also used to designate an empire, realm, or nation. The qualitative connotation from the German is " sovereign state." It is the word traditionally used for a variety of sovereign entities, including Germany in many periods of its history...
as Reichsgau Danzig-Westpreussen.
In March 1945 the advancing Red Army
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army started out as the Soviet Union's revolutionary communist combat groups during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1922. It grew into the national army of the Soviet Union. By the 1930s the Red Army was among the largest armies in history.The "Red Army" name refers to...
captured Oliva (and the surrounding regions). The land was returned to Poland. During the post war years Oliwa developed in tune with the rest of the city of Gdańsk.
Timeline
- 1224 (1226?) i 1234 (1236?) – incursions of Prussians
- 1246, 1247, 1252 – incursions of Teutonic KnightsTeutonic KnightsThe Order of Brothers of the German House of Saint Mary in Jerusalem , commonly the Teutonic Order , is a German medieval military order, in modern times a purely religious Catholic order...
- 1295 – PomereliaPomereliaPomerelia is a historical region in northern Poland. Pomerelia lay in eastern Pomerania: on the southern shore of the Baltic Sea and west of the Vistula and its delta. The area centered on the city of Gdańsk at the mouth of the Vistula...
claimed to be inherited by both Margraviate of BrandenburgMargraviate of BrandenburgThe Margraviate of Brandenburg was a major principality of the Holy Roman Empire from 1157 to 1806. Also known as the March of Brandenburg , it played a pivotal role in the history of Germany and Central Europe....
and PolandPolandPoland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north... - 1308 – incursion of BrandenburgBrandenburgBrandenburg is one of the sixteen federal-states of Germany. It lies in the east of the country and is one of the new federal states that were re-created in 1990 upon the reunification of the former West Germany and East Germany. The capital is Potsdam...
army. The monastery and Pomerelia is annexed by Teutonic Order in 1309 after the Teutonic takeover of Danzig (Gdansk)Teutonic takeover of Danzig (Gdansk)The city of Danzig was captured by the State of the Teutonic Order on 13 November 1308, resulting in a massacre of its inhabitants and marking the beginning of tensions between Poland and the Teutonic Order. Originally the knights moved into the fortress as an ally of Poland against the... - 1350 - The monastery is destroyed by fire.
- 1433 - Incursions of Hussites during PolishPolandPoland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
-Teutonic Order war - 1454 - Thirteen Years' War and the annexation of Pomerelia by Poland
- 1466 - Second Peace of Thorn (1466): the monastery and Pomerania go to Poland, but then receive exempt status.
- 1577 - defending against Polish King's attempted conquest in the Siege of DanzigSiege of DanzigThe Siege of Danzig of 1734 was the Russian encirclement and capture of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth city of Danzig during the War of Polish Succession...
, Danzig (Gdańsk) army destroyed the monastery - 1588, 1653, 1709 - various epidemics
- 1626 - Protestant invasion by Gustavus Adolphus of SwedenSwedenSweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund....
during the Thirty Years' WarThirty Years' WarThe Thirty Years' War was fought primarily in what is now Germany, and at various points involved most countries in Europe. It was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history.... - 1627 - a sea battle near OliwaBattle of OliwaThe naval Battle of Oliva, also Battle of Oliwa or Battle of Gdańsk Roadstead, took place on 28 November 1627 during the Polish-Swedish War outside Danzig harbour near Oliva , a village outside of Danzig...
(Schlacht bei Oliva) - 1656 - Swedish invasion
- 1660 - Oliva peace treatyTreaty of OlivaThe Treaty or Peace of Oliva of 23 April /3 May 1660 was one of the peace treaties ending the Second Northern War...
in 1660 between the Emperor Leopold ILeopold I, Holy Roman Emperor| style="float:right;" | Leopold I was a Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary and King of Bohemia. A member of the Habsburg family, he was the second son of Emperor Ferdinand III and his first wife, Maria Anna of Spain. His maternal grandparents were Philip III of Spain and Margaret of Austria...
, ElectorPrince-electorThe Prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire were the members of the electoral college of the Holy Roman Empire, having the function of electing the Roman king or, from the middle of the 16th century onwards, directly the Holy Roman Emperor.The heir-apparent to a prince-elector was known as an...
of BrandenburgBrandenburgBrandenburg is one of the sixteen federal-states of Germany. It lies in the east of the country and is one of the new federal states that were re-created in 1990 upon the reunification of the former West Germany and East Germany. The capital is Potsdam...
, Poland and Sweden. - 1733-1734 - devastation during the war of Polish succession
- 1772 - First Partition of Poland: the property of monastery is expropriated by Prussian King
- 1807 - Oliva taken over by Napoleon's army, Kloster turned into hospital. Oliva is included into Free City of DanzigFree City of DanzigThe Free City of Danzig was a semi-autonomous city-state that existed between 1920 and 1939, consisting of the Baltic Sea port of Danzig and surrounding areas....
. - 1813 - Russian army takes over Oliva
- 1813 - Oliva is again annexed by Prussian kingdom
- 1831 - Oliva Abbey is closed. The church of the monastery becomes a Catholic church, the second church is given to Protestants.
- 1864 - Oliva is extended to include (Polanki and Dolina Radosci) Schwabenthal.
- 1874 - Oliva is elevated to the rank of a city.
- 1907 - JelitkowoJelitkowoJelitkowo is one of the quarters of the city of Gdańsk in neighbourhood to Sopot, Poland.Located on the sea side, with beautiful sandy beaches, the town became known as an Ostsee-Bad Glettkau, a Baltic Sea Bad . Some important hotels, windsurfing schools and centers of water sports are in today's...
(Glettkau) and ZabiankaZabiankaŻabianka and Jelitkowo, Wejhera, Tysiąclecia is one of the quarters of the city of Gdańsk, on the border with Sopot. Also the SKM stop called Gdańsk Żabianka....
(Poggenkrug), PrzymorzePrzymorzePrzymorze is one of the quarters of the city of Gdańsk. Divided into 2 quarters:* Przymorze Małe * Przymorze Wielkie*inhabitants: 54,277*area: 5.6- External links :...
Konradshammer included into city. - 1920 - Oliva is separated city inside Freie Stadt Danzig
- 1922 - Danzig bishop Edwarda O'Rourke comes to the newly created bishopry (eventually in 1925).
- 1921 - Herbert Creutzburg becomes major of Oliva. The city goes down into bankruptcy and eventually becomes one of the quarters of Danzig (GdańskGdanskGdańsk is a Polish city on the Baltic coast, at the centre of the country's fourth-largest metropolitan area.The city lies on the southern edge of Gdańsk Bay , in a conurbation with the city of Gdynia, spa town of Sopot, and suburban communities, which together form a metropolitan area called the...
). - 1926 - Oliva cease to be an independent city
- 1927 - The monastery palace is turned into a Museum ("Staatliches Landesmuseum für Danziger Geschichte"). The first manager is Erich Keyser.
- September 1 1939 - The beginning of World War II. Oliva is annexed by Germany to the province Danzig-West Prussia.
- March 25 1945 - Advancing Red ArmyRed ArmyThe Workers' and Peasants' Red Army started out as the Soviet Union's revolutionary communist combat groups during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1922. It grew into the national army of the Soviet Union. By the 1930s the Red Army was among the largest armies in history.The "Red Army" name refers to...
captures Oliva. The land is given to Poland as Oliwa and Gdańsk.