Ontarian River
Encyclopedia
The Ontarian River is the term used for the pre-glacial river that began the creation of the valley in Silurian
age shale
s and limestone
s now occupied by Lake Ontario
. The valley was greatly deepened by glacial action during the Ice age
.
The original flow is thought to have been westward beginning from the Laurentian shield in the present area of the St. Lawrence River to eventually join the Mississippi River
drainage system.
During continental glaciation, the tremendous weight of the glacier depressed the area of the St. Lawrence so much that a lower point of drainage was established eastward through the present river system. The area is still rebounding, however, and the rise could further rearrange drainage within geologic time by raising the outlet of Lake Ontario sufficient for it to drain at some other, lower point.
Silurian
The Silurian is a geologic period and system that extends from the end of the Ordovician Period, about 443.7 ± 1.5 Mya , to the beginning of the Devonian Period, about 416.0 ± 2.8 Mya . As with other geologic periods, the rock beds that define the period's start and end are well identified, but the...
age shale
Shale
Shale is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock composed of mud that is a mix of flakes of clay minerals and tiny fragments of other minerals, especially quartz and calcite. The ratio of clay to other minerals is variable. Shale is characterized by breaks along thin laminae or parallel layering...
s and limestone
Limestone
Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed largely of the minerals calcite and aragonite, which are different crystal forms of calcium carbonate . Many limestones are composed from skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral or foraminifera....
s now occupied by Lake Ontario
Lake Ontario
Lake Ontario is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. It is bounded on the north and southwest by the Canadian province of Ontario, and on the south by the American state of New York. Ontario, Canada's most populous province, was named for the lake. In the Wyandot language, ontarío means...
. The valley was greatly deepened by glacial action during the Ice age
Ice age
An ice age or, more precisely, glacial age, is a generic geological period of long-term reduction in the temperature of the Earth's surface and atmosphere, resulting in the presence or expansion of continental ice sheets, polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers...
.
The original flow is thought to have been westward beginning from the Laurentian shield in the present area of the St. Lawrence River to eventually join the Mississippi River
Mississippi River
The Mississippi River is the largest river system in North America. Flowing entirely in the United States, this river rises in western Minnesota and meanders slowly southwards for to the Mississippi River Delta at the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains...
drainage system.
During continental glaciation, the tremendous weight of the glacier depressed the area of the St. Lawrence so much that a lower point of drainage was established eastward through the present river system. The area is still rebounding, however, and the rise could further rearrange drainage within geologic time by raising the outlet of Lake Ontario sufficient for it to drain at some other, lower point.