Orchis
Encyclopedia
Orchis is a genus in the orchid family (Orchidaceae
). This genus gets its name from the Ancient Greek ὄρχις orchis, meaning "testicle", from the appearance of the paired subterranean tuberoids
.
This genus occurs mainly in Europe, NW Africa, and it stretches as far Tibet, Mongolia, China and Japan.
These terrestrial orchids have tubers instead of pseudobulb
s. They are extremely diverse in appearance. They produce an erect stem. The inflorescence is a cylindrical to globular spike 5 – 15 cm long with yellow, red to purple flowers. They start flowering at the base, slowly progressing upwards, except the Monkey orchid (Orchis simia) that flowers in reverse order.
The original genus Orchis used to contain more than 1,300 names. Since it was polyphyletic, it has been divided by Pridgeon et al., into several new genera (see Reference): Ponerorchis, Schizodium, Steveniella.
Orchidaceae
The Orchidaceae, commonly referred to as the orchid family, is a morphologically diverse and widespread family of monocots in the order Asparagales. Along with the Asteraceae, it is one of the two largest families of flowering plants, with between 21,950 and 26,049 currently accepted species,...
). This genus gets its name from the Ancient Greek ὄρχις orchis, meaning "testicle", from the appearance of the paired subterranean tuberoids
Glossary of botanical terms
Many of the terms used in Wikipedia glossaries are already defined and explained within Wikipedia itself. However, lists like the following indicate where new articles need to be written and are also useful for looking up and comparing large numbers of terms together.This glossary is incomplete;...
.
This genus occurs mainly in Europe, NW Africa, and it stretches as far Tibet, Mongolia, China and Japan.
These terrestrial orchids have tubers instead of pseudobulb
Pseudobulb
The pseudobulb is a storage organ derived from the part of a stem between two leaf nodes.It applies to the orchid family , specifically certain groups of epiphytic orchids, and may be single or composed of several internodes with evergreen or deciduous leaves along its length.In some species, it is...
s. They are extremely diverse in appearance. They produce an erect stem. The inflorescence is a cylindrical to globular spike 5 – 15 cm long with yellow, red to purple flowers. They start flowering at the base, slowly progressing upwards, except the Monkey orchid (Orchis simia) that flowers in reverse order.
The original genus Orchis used to contain more than 1,300 names. Since it was polyphyletic, it has been divided by Pridgeon et al., into several new genera (see Reference): Ponerorchis, Schizodium, Steveniella.
Species
List of accepted names :- Orchis adenocheilae Czernaik. (1924) (Iran)
- Orchis anatolicaOrchis anatolicaOrchis anatolica, the Anatolian Orchis, is a species of orchid found from the southern Aegean Islands to Israel and Iran....
Boiss. (1844) : Anatolian Orchis (Cyprus, Turkey, Southern Aegean Islands, Lebanon, Israel, Iran)- Orchis anatolica subsp. anatolica
- Orchis anatolica subsp. troodi (Renz) Renz (1932).
- Orchis anthropophora (L.) All. (1785) (Western Europe to Mediterranean)
- Orchis brancifortiiOrchis brancifortiiOrchis brancifortii is a species of orchid endemic to Sardinia, Sicily, and southern Italy....
Biv. (1813) (Southern Italy, Sicilia, Sardinia) - Orchis canariensisOrchis canariensisOrchis canariensis is a species of orchid endemic to the Canary Islands....
Lindl. (1835) (Canary islands) - Orchis cazorlensis Lacaita (1930): Hunter's Orchis (Spain, Baleares)
- Orchis dinsmorei (Schlechter) H.Baumann & Dafni (Israel) (synonym of Anacamptis laxifloraAnacamptis laxifloraAnacamptis laxiflora is a species of orchid. Wide distribution range in Europe and Asia as far north as in Gotland . Tall plant, grows up to 60 cm high. Found in wet meadows with alcaline soil. Common in Normandy and Brittany , in United Kingdom represented only on Channel Islands, where it is...
(Lam.) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase ) - Orchis faurieiOrchis faurieiOrchis fauriei is a species of orchid endemic to Japan ....
Finet (1808) (Japan) - Orchis galilaeaOrchis galilaeaOrchis galilaea is a species of orchid found from southern Turkey to Israel....
(Bornm. & M.Schulze) Schltr. (1923) (Turkey, Lebanon, Israel) - Orchis insularis Sommier (1895) (Italy)
- Orchis italicaOrchis italicaOrchis italica is a species of orchid native to the Mediterranean....
Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck (1798): Naked Man Orchid, Italian Orchis (Mediterranean) - Orchis mascula (L.) L. (1755) : Early Purple OrchidEarly Purple OrchidOrchis mascula, the Early Purple Orchid, is a species of orchid in the genus Orchis.-Etymology:The specific name is derived from the Latin "masculus", meaning "male" or "virile" and it should refer to the robust aspect of this species or to the shape of the tubers, similar to a pair of...
, Male Orchis (N. & C. Europe to Iran, Canary Islands)- Orchis mascula subsp. acutiflora (W.D.J.Koch) Quentin (1993)
- Orchis mascula subsp. hispanica (A.Niesch. & C.Niesch.) Soó (1972) (Southern Pyrenees, Spain, Portugal, Morocco)
- Orchis mascula subsp. longibracteatoides Balayer (1986) (Eastern Pyrenees)
- Orchis mascula subsp. longicalcarata Akhalkatski, H. Baumann, R. Lorenz, Mosulishvili &R. Peter (2005) (Eastern and central Caucasus)
- Orchis mascula subsp. maghrebiana B. Baumann & H. Baumann (2005)(Morocco)
- Orchis mascula subsp. mascula (N. & C. Europe to Iran, Canary Islands)
- Orchis mascula subsp. pinetorum (Boiss. & Kotschy) E.G.Camus (1908) (Macedonia to Iran)
- Orchis mascula subsp. speciosa (Mutel) Hegi (1909) (Europe)
- Orchis mascula subsp. wanjkovii (E.Wulff) Soó in G.Keller & al. (1932) (Crimea)
- Orchis langeiOrchis langeiOrchis langei is a flowering plant of the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It grows to tall, with pink, violet or occasionally white flowers produced from April to June....
K. Richter : (Portugal) - Orchis militaris L. (1753) : Military OrchidMilitary OrchidOrchis militaris, the Military Orchid, is a species of orchid native to Europe. It is the type species of the genus Orchis.-Description:...
(Europe to Mongolia) - Orchis pallens L. (1771): Pale-flowered Orchid (Europe to Caucasus)
- Orchis patensOrchis patensOrchis patens is a species of orchid found from the central Mediterranean to northwestern Africa....
Desf. (1799) (Central Mediterranean to NW. Africa)- Orchis patens subsp. nitidifolia W.P.Teschner (1975) (Crete)
- Orchis patens subsp. patens (Central Mediterranean to NW. Africa)
- Orchis provincialisOrchis provincialisOrchis provincialis, the Provence Orchis, is a species of orchid in the genus Orchis.-Description: Orchis provincialis is a herbaceous plant high. The 4-5 basal leaves are oblong-lanceolate, with a length of about 8 cm and arranged in a rosette, the color is green with purplish brown spots...
Balb. (1806): Provence Orchis (SC. & S. Europe to Caucasus, NW Africa)- Orchis provincialis subsp. pauciflora (Ten.) E.G.Camus (1908) (S. Europe to Crimea)
- Orchis provincialis subsp. provincialis (SC. & S. Europe to Caucasus)
- Orchis provincialis var. laeta (Steinh.) Maire & Weiller in R.C.J.Maire (1959) (Algeria, Tunisia)
- Orchis punctulataOrchis punctulataOrchis punctulata, the Small-dotted Orchis, is a species of orchid found from southeastern Europe to western Asia....
Steven ex Lindl. (1835) : Small-dotted Orchis (SE. Europe to W. Asia) - Orchis purpurea Huds. (1762) : Lady orchidLady orchidThe Lady Orchid is an herbaceous plant belonging to the Genus Orchis of the family Orchidaceae.-Description: Orchis purpurea reaches on average of height. The leaves are broad and oblong-lanceolate, forming a rosette about the base of the plant and surrounding the flower spike. They are fleshy...
, Purple Orchis (Europe to Caucasus, Algeria) - Orchis quadripunctataOrchis quadripunctataOrchis quadripunctata, the Four-spotted Orchis, is a species of orchid found from southern Italy to the eastern Mediterranean....
Cirillo ex Ten. (1811): Four-spotted Orchis (Sardinia to Eastern Mediterranean) - Orchis scopulorum Summerh. (1961) : Branching Orchis (Madeira)
- Orchis sezikianaOrchis sezikianaOrchis sezikiana is a species of orchid found from Crete to southwestern Turkey and Cyprus....
B.Baumann & H.Baumann (1991) (Crete, Cyprus, SW Turkey) - Orchis simiaOrchis simiaThe Monkey orchid is an orchid species of the Orchis genus. It is known for its pungent odor, which some say is similar to that of feces.-References:...
Lam. (1779) : Monkey Orchid (Europe to Iran, N. Africa) - Orchis spitzeliiOrchis spitzeliiOrchis spitzelii is a species of orchid found from Sweden , eastern Spain to the Caucasus and northwestern Africa....
Saut. ex W.D.J.Koch (1837) : Spitzel's Orchis (Sweden (Gotland), E. Spain to Caucasus, NW. Africa)- Orchis spitzelii subsp. latiflora B. Baumann & H. Baumann (2005) (Lebanon)
- Orchis spitzelii subsp. teschneriana B. Baumann & H. Baumann (2005) (Northern Algeria)
- Orchis tridentataOrchis tridentataOrchis tridentata is a species of orchid found in southern Europe from Spain to Turkey and Lebanon; northwards to the Crimea, Poland and Germany.This orchid favors grassy places, woodland, scrub and maquis....
R.M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W. Chase: Three-toothed orchid (southern Europe from Spain to Turkey and the Lebanon; northwards to the Crimea, Poland and Germany) - Orchis wardii W.W.Sm. (1921) (S. & E. Tibet to SC. China)
Natural hybrids
- Orchis × angusticruris Franch. in V.Humnicki (1876) (Orchis purpurea × Orchis simia) (Europe to Caucasus)
- Orchis × apollinaris W.Rossi & al. (1992) (Orchis italica × Orchis simia) (Italy)
- Orchis × bergonii Nanteuil (1887) (Orchis anthropophora × Orchis simia) (Western Mediterranean)
- Orchis × beyrichii (Rchb.f.) A.Kern. (1865) (Orchis militaris × Orchis simia) (Europe to Turkey)
- Orchis × bivonae Tod. (1840)(Orchis anthropophora × Orchis italica) (Southern Europe)
- Orchis × blidana B.Baumann & H.Baumann (1980) (Orchis laeta × Orchis mascula subsp. olbiensis) (NW Africa)
- Orchis × calliantha Renz & Taubenheim 1983 (Orchis punctulata × Orchis simia) (Turkey)
- Orchis × clandestina Hautz. (1978) (Orchis patens × Orchis provincialis) (NW Italy)
- Orchis × colemanii Cortesi 1907 (Orchis mascula × Orchis provincialis subsp. pauciflora) (Italy)
- Orchis × fitzii Hautz. (1980 publ. 1983) (Orchis anatolica × Orchis mascula) (Turkey)
- Orchis × golestanica Renz (1978) (Orchis adenocheilae × Orchis simia) (Iran)
- Orchis × hybrida (Lindl.) Boenn. ex Rchb. (1830) (Orchis militaris × Orchis purpurea) (Europe)
- Orchis × klopfensteiniae P.Delforge (1985) (Orchis pallens × Orchis spitzelii) (SW Europe)
- Orchis × ligustica Ruppert. (1933) (Orchis mascula × Orchis patens) (Mediterranean)
- Orchis × loreziana Brügger (1874) (Orchis mascula × Orchis pallens) (Europe)
- Orchis × loreziana nothosubsp. kisslingii (Beck) Potucek (1976) (Orchis mascula subsp. speciosa × Orchis pallens) (Eastern Europe)
- Orchis × loreziana nothosubsp. loreziana (Orchis mascula × Orchis pallens) (Central Europe)
- Orchis × macra Lindl. (1835) (Orchis anthropophora × Orchis purpurea) (Europe)
- Orchis × permixta Soó (1932) (Orchis mascula subsp. signifera × Orchis pallens × Orchis provincialis) (Crimea)
- Orchis × petterssonii G.Keller ex Pett. (1947) (Orchis mascula × Orchis spitzelii) (Europe, NW Africa)
- Orchis × plessidiaca Renz (1928) (Orchis pallens × Orchis provincialis) (SE Europe to Krim)
- Orchis × pseudoanatolica H.Fleischm. (1914) (Orchis provincialis subsp. pauciflora × Orchis quadripunctata) (SE Europe)
- Orchis × pseudoanatolica nothosubsp. buelii (Wildh.) ined. (Orchis provincialis × Orchis quadripunctata) (SE Europe)
- Orchis × pseudoanatolica nothosubsp. pseudoanatolica (Orchis provincialis subsp. pauciflora × Orchis quadripunctata) (SE Europe)
- Orchis × razzarae Galesi (2005) (Orchis lactea Poir. × Orchis italica Poir.) (Sicilia)
- Orchis × sardoa (Scrugli & M.P.Grasso) Scrugli, A.Musacchio, D'Emerico, Pellegrino & Cozzolino (2004, publ. 2005)
- Orchis × spuria Rchb.f. (1849) (Orchis anthropophora × Orchis militaris) (Europe)
- Orchis × subpatens E.G.Camus in E.G.Camus & A.A.Camus (1928) (Orchis patens × Orchis provincialis) (S. Europe)
- Orchis × tingitania Hautz. (1976) (Orchis provincialis × Orchis spitzelii) (Western Mediterranean)
- Orchis × tochniana Kreutz & Scraton (2002) (Orchis italica × Orchis punctulata) (Cyprus)
- Orchis × wulffiana Soó (1932) (Orchis punctulata × Orchis purpurea) (Crimea to caucasus)
Intergeneric hybrids
- Orchiophrys (Ophrys x Orchis)
- Orchiserapias (Orchis x Serapias)