Organothiophosphates
Encyclopedia
Phosphorus
Phosphorus is the chemical element that has the symbol P and atomic number 15. A multivalent nonmetal of the nitrogen group, phosphorus as a mineral is almost always present in its maximally oxidized state, as inorganic phosphate rocks...
-sulfur
Sulfur
Sulfur or sulphur is the chemical element with atomic number 16. In the periodic table it is represented by the symbol S. It is an abundant, multivalent non-metal. Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with chemical formula S8. Elemental sulfur is a bright yellow...
bond.
Many of these compounds are quite toxic, and some are used as pesticides. Examples of these include:
- ChlorpyrifosChlorpyrifosChlorpyrifos is a crystalline organophosphate insecticide that inhibits acetylcholinesterase and is used to control insect pests. It is known by many trade names...
- DiazinonDiazinonDiazinon , a colorless to dark brown liquid, is a thiophosphoric acid ester developed in 1952 by Ciba-Geigy, a Swiss chemical company...
- FenitrothionFenitrothionFenitrothion is a phosphorothioate insecticide....
- FenthionFenthionFenthion is an organothiophosphate insecticide, avicide, and acaricide. Like most other organophosphates, its mode of action is via cholinesterase inhibition. Due to its relatively low toxicity towards humans and mammals, fenthion is listed as moderately toxic compound in U.S. Environmental...
- MalathionMalathionMalathion is an organophosphate parasympathomimetic which binds irreversibly to cholinesterase. Malathion is an insecticide of relatively low human toxicity, however one recent study has shown that children with higher levels of organophosphate pesticide metabolites in their urine are more likely...
- ParathionParathionParathion, also called parathion-ethyl or diethyl parathion, is an organophosphate compound. It is a potent insecticide and acaricide. It was originally developed by IG Farben in the 1940s. It is highly toxic to non-target organisms, including humans. Its use is banned or restricted in many...
However, several others have medical uses, including:
- AmifostineAmifostineAmifostine is a cytoprotective adjuvant used in cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy involving DNA-binding chemotherapeutic agents. It is marketed by MedImmune under the trade name Ethyol.-Indications:...
- EchothiophateEchothiophateEchothiophate is a parasympathomimetic and a phosphorothioate. It is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.- Uses :It is used as an ocular antihypertensive in the treatment of chronic glaucoma and, in some cases, accommodative esotropia...
- ThioTEPAThioTEPAN,N'N'-triethylenethiophosphoramide is an alkylating agent used to treat cancer.ThioTEPA is an organophosphorus compound with the formula SP3. It is an analogue of N,N',N- triethylenephosphoramide . This molecule features tetrahedral phosphorus and is structurally akin to phosphate...