Orlyonok
Encyclopedia
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
Young Pioneer camp
Young Pioneer camp
Young Pioneer camp was the name for the vacation or summer camp of Young Pioneers. In the 20th century these camps existed in many socialist countries, particularly in the Soviet Union....
s and is currently the main Children's Center in Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
.
Orlyonok's name is taken from the title of a popular Young Pioneer song "Orlyonok" ("Eaglet") about a 16-year old Red Army soldier about to be executed by enemies.
History
The Orylonok camp was established on July 12, 1960 by the decision of the Council of Ministers of the Russian SFSR (March 27, 1959). It is located on the Black SeaBlack Sea
The Black Sea is bounded by Europe, Anatolia and the Caucasus and is ultimately connected to the Atlantic Ocean via the Mediterranean and the Aegean seas and various straits. The Bosphorus strait connects it to the Sea of Marmara, and the strait of the Dardanelles connects that sea to the Aegean...
coast near the town Tuapse
Tuapse
Tuapse is a town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, situated on the northeast shore of the Black Sea, south of Gelendzhik and north of Sochi. It serves as the administrative center of Tuapsinsky District, although administratively it is separate from it...
, Krasnodar Krai
Krasnodar Krai
-External links:* **...
, Russian SFSR, at 44°15.5′N 38°49′E. Orlyonok was intended for Russian children who were notable for excellent study, prize winners at various Student Olympiads
Soviet Student Olympiads
Soviet Student Olympiad was an annual set of contests for students in USSR. There were two separate multi-round competitions every year: for higher education and general education . Both competitions had several rounds, and winners from lower rounds would go to the next round. Not only individual...
, contests, or sports competitions, or notable Komsomol
Komsomol
The Communist Union of Youth , usually known as Komsomol , was the youth division of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The Komsomol in its earliest form was established in urban centers in 1918. During the early years, it was a Russian organization, known as the Russian Communist Union of...
or Young Pioneer organization activist
Youth activism
Youth activism is when the youth voice is engaged in community organizing for social change. Around the world, young people are engaged in activism as planners, researchers, teachers, evaluators, social workers, decision-makers, advocates and leading actors in the environmental movement, social...
s.
In 1960 the camp hosted 520 children, but by 1973 annual attendance increased to near 17,000. Orlyonok grew to 3 square kilometers in area, with 60 buildings, including the living ones, the "Young Pioneer Palace" (with a winter swimming pool filled with sea water, and a cinema), a secondary school, medical building, the "Museum of Aircraft and Cosmonautics," an astronomy observatory
Observatory
An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial or celestial events. Astronomy, climatology/meteorology, geology, oceanography and volcanology are examples of disciplines for which observatories have been constructed...
, a sports stadium; many playgrounds, the winter sports hall. There were more than 200 hobby groups of 50 different kinds, mostly in polytechnics, sports, and aesthetics. Orlyonok had its own passenger ship
Passenger ship
A passenger ship is a ship whose primary function is to carry passengers. The category does not include cargo vessels which have accommodations for limited numbers of passengers, such as the ubiquitous twelve-passenger freighters once common on the seas in which the transport of passengers is...
, 45 yacht
Yacht
A yacht is a recreational boat or ship. The term originated from the Dutch Jacht meaning "hunt". It was originally defined as a light fast sailing vessel used by the Dutch navy to pursue pirates and other transgressors around and into the shallow waters of the Low Countries...
s, many motor boats and rowboats.
Young Pioneer organization of the Soviet Union
The Young Pioneer Organization of the Soviet Union, also Vladimir Lenin All-Union Pioneer Organization The Young Pioneer Organization of the Soviet Union, also Vladimir Lenin All-Union Pioneer Organization The Young Pioneer Organization of the Soviet Union, also Vladimir Lenin All-Union Pioneer...
was dismantled, camp attendance in Orlyonok greatly decreased; however, attendance has increased since 2000, as many Russians began to associate Young Pioneer camp
Young Pioneer camp
Young Pioneer camp was the name for the vacation or summer camp of Young Pioneers. In the 20th century these camps existed in many socialist countries, particularly in the Soviet Union....
s with patriotism and former Soviet dominance. Between 1960 and 2004, Orlyonok hosted over 800,000 children, with the present count at approximately 19,500 per year.
A minor planet
Minor planet
An asteroid group or minor-planet group is a population of minor planets that have a share broadly similar orbits. Members are generally unrelated to each other, unlike in an asteroid family, which often results from the break-up of a single asteroid...
, 2188 Orlenok
2188 Orlenok
2188 Orlenok is a main-belt asteroid discovered on October 28, 1976 by L. V. Zhuravleva at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory.Named on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the all-Union pioneer camp Orlenok in the Tuapse region. An orlenok, or an eaglet, is the symbol of the young...
, was discovered in 1976 by Soviet
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
astronomer Lyudmila Zhuravlyova
Lyudmila Zhuravlyova
Lyudmila Vasilyevna Zhuravleva is a Soviet, Russian and Ukrainian astronomer.She works at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory.She also serves as president...
and is named in honor of the camp.
Cultural references
The book Lost in Moscow (sometimes called Lost in Moscow: A brat in the USSR) by Kirsten Koza, chronicles the true-life experience of an eleven-year-old Canadian girl's summer at Orlyonok during 1977. Lost in Moscow was published by Turnstone Press in 2005.See also
- ArtekArtek (camp)Artek is a Young Pioneer camp near Gurzuf, Ukraine. It was established on June 16 1925 on the Black Sea in the town of Gurzuf located on the Crimean peninsula, near Medved Mountain, Ukraine. The camp first hosted only 80 children but then grew rapidly. In 1969 it had an area of 3.2 km²...
- Young Pioneer campYoung Pioneer campYoung Pioneer camp was the name for the vacation or summer camp of Young Pioneers. In the 20th century these camps existed in many socialist countries, particularly in the Soviet Union....
- Young Pioneer organization of the Soviet UnionYoung Pioneer organization of the Soviet UnionThe Young Pioneer Organization of the Soviet Union, also Vladimir Lenin All-Union Pioneer Organization The Young Pioneer Organization of the Soviet Union, also Vladimir Lenin All-Union Pioneer Organization The Young Pioneer Organization of the Soviet Union, also Vladimir Lenin All-Union Pioneer...