Ornex
Encyclopedia
Ornex is a commune
in the Ain
department in eastern France
.
between the Jura mountains
and the Swiss
border.
Located nine kilometres from Geneva
, many inhabitants commute
across the Swiss border each morning to jobs with international organization
s and multinational corporation
s. It is bordered in the south by Ferney-Voltaire
, in the west by Prévessin-Moëns
and Segny
, in the north by Versonnex
and in the east by the Swiss commune of Collex-Bossy
.
A section of the 27 km (16.8 mi) tunnel
excavated by CERN
between 1983 and 1988 passes under the town. Originally excavated for the LEP collider
, the tunnel now houses the Large Hadron Collider
that started operating in 2008. The major visible presence of the LHC
tunnel in the area are some surface buildings and some large helium
gas tanks further North in Cessy
. There are also a number of smaller tunnel Access Points, including one on the border of Ornex and Ferney-Voltaire
. Liquid helium is used to cool the LHC's superconducting
magnet
s.
Ornex is relatively well served by restaurant
s, with approximately one restaurant for every 450 residents.
of 1999 revealed that 62.5% of working residents were employed outside of the Ain département.
Between 1975 and 1999, the population of Ornex increased by 1621. The population of Ornex is extremely diverse, representing many nationalities and several languages.
While the village church belonged to the monastery of Payerne
in the 13th century, the village itself belonged to local gentry, and became part of the fiefdom of the lords of Gex in the 14th century. With this is followed the changeable history of the Pays de Gex in which it was finally ceded from the Dukes of Savoy to France in the Treaty of Lyon
in 1601.
Communes of France
The commune is the lowest level of administrative division in the French Republic. French communes are roughly equivalent to incorporated municipalities or villages in the United States or Gemeinden in Germany...
in the Ain
Ain
Ain is a department named after the Ain River on the eastern edge of France. Being part of the region Rhône-Alpes and bordered by the rivers Saône and Rhône, the department of Ain enjoys a privileged geographic situation...
department in eastern France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
.
Geography
It is located on the RN5 highwayHighway
A highway is any public road. In American English, the term is common and almost always designates major roads. In British English, the term designates any road open to the public. Any interconnected set of highways can be variously referred to as a "highway system", a "highway network", or a...
between the Jura mountains
Jura mountains
The Jura Mountains are a small mountain range located north of the Alps, separating the Rhine and Rhone rivers and forming part of the watershed of each...
and the Swiss
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
border.
Located nine kilometres from Geneva
Geneva
Geneva In the national languages of Switzerland the city is known as Genf , Ginevra and Genevra is the second-most-populous city in Switzerland and is the most populous city of Romandie, the French-speaking part of Switzerland...
, many inhabitants commute
Commuting
Commuting is regular travel between one's place of residence and place of work or full time study. It sometimes refers to any regular or often repeated traveling between locations when not work related.- History :...
across the Swiss border each morning to jobs with international organization
International organization
An intergovernmental organization, sometimes rendered as an international governmental organization and both abbreviated as IGO, is an organization composed primarily of sovereign states , or of other intergovernmental organizations...
s and multinational corporation
Multinational corporation
A multi national corporation or enterprise , is a corporation or an enterprise that manages production or delivers services in more than one country. It can also be referred to as an international corporation...
s. It is bordered in the south by Ferney-Voltaire
Ferney-Voltaire
Ferney-Voltaire is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France.It lies between the Jura mountains and the Swiss border and forms part of the metropolitan area of Geneva.-History:...
, in the west by Prévessin-Moëns
Prévessin-Moëns
Prévessin-Moëns is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France.-Population:-References:*...
and Segny
Ségny
Ségny, also written Segny, is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France.Ségny is situated in the east of the department, in a district of the Lake Geneva / River Rhône basin known as the Pays de Gex. It lies on the important RN 5 trunk road from Paris to Geneva and is just five minutes by...
, in the north by Versonnex
Versonnex, Ain
Versonnex is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France.-Population:...
and in the east by the Swiss commune of Collex-Bossy
Collex-Bossy
Collex-Bossy is a municipality of the Canton of Geneva, Switzerland.-History:Both Collex and Bossy were first mentioned in 1258. Collex was called Coliacum while Bossy was Bocium. Between 1790-1855 the municipality also included the village of Bellevue.-Geography:Collex-Bossy has an area, , of...
.
A section of the 27 km (16.8 mi) tunnel
Tunnel
A tunnel is an underground passageway, completely enclosed except for openings for egress, commonly at each end.A tunnel may be for foot or vehicular road traffic, for rail traffic, or for a canal. Some tunnels are aqueducts to supply water for consumption or for hydroelectric stations or are sewers...
excavated by CERN
CERN
The European Organization for Nuclear Research , known as CERN , is an international organization whose purpose is to operate the world's largest particle physics laboratory, which is situated in the northwest suburbs of Geneva on the Franco–Swiss border...
between 1983 and 1988 passes under the town. Originally excavated for the LEP collider
Collider
A collider is a type of a particle accelerator involving directed beams of particles.Colliders may either be ring accelerators or linear accelerators.-Explanation:...
, the tunnel now houses the Large Hadron Collider
Large Hadron Collider
The Large Hadron Collider is the world's largest and highest-energy particle accelerator. It is expected to address some of the most fundamental questions of physics, advancing the understanding of the deepest laws of nature....
that started operating in 2008. The major visible presence of the LHC
Large Hadron Collider
The Large Hadron Collider is the world's largest and highest-energy particle accelerator. It is expected to address some of the most fundamental questions of physics, advancing the understanding of the deepest laws of nature....
tunnel in the area are some surface buildings and some large helium
Helium
Helium is the chemical element with atomic number 2 and an atomic weight of 4.002602, which is represented by the symbol He. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, inert, monatomic gas that heads the noble gas group in the periodic table...
gas tanks further North in Cessy
Cessy
Cessy is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France.-Populaiton:-Compact Muon Solenoid:One of the primary points of interest in the quiet community of Cessy, Franceis the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment, located 100 meters below ground...
. There are also a number of smaller tunnel Access Points, including one on the border of Ornex and Ferney-Voltaire
Ferney-Voltaire
Ferney-Voltaire is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France.It lies between the Jura mountains and the Swiss border and forms part of the metropolitan area of Geneva.-History:...
. Liquid helium is used to cool the LHC's superconducting
Superconductivity
Superconductivity is a phenomenon of exactly zero electrical resistance occurring in certain materials below a characteristic temperature. It was discovered by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes on April 8, 1911 in Leiden. Like ferromagnetism and atomic spectral lines, superconductivity is a quantum...
magnet
Magnet
A magnet is a material or object that produces a magnetic field. This magnetic field is invisible but is responsible for the most notable property of a magnet: a force that pulls on other ferromagnetic materials, such as iron, and attracts or repels other magnets.A permanent magnet is an object...
s.
Ornex is relatively well served by restaurant
Restaurant
A restaurant is an establishment which prepares and serves food and drink to customers in return for money. Meals are generally served and eaten on premises, but many restaurants also offer take-out and food delivery services...
s, with approximately one restaurant for every 450 residents.
Population
The censusCensus
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...
of 1999 revealed that 62.5% of working residents were employed outside of the Ain département.
Between 1975 and 1999, the population of Ornex increased by 1621. The population of Ornex is extremely diverse, representing many nationalities and several languages.
History
The first documented mention of Ornex was in 1153 under the name of Ornacho; from 1286 onwards the name of Ornay is mentioned. It is assumed the name was derived from the roman personal name Aurinius or Orinius and would thus mean the manor of Aurinius (Auriniacum).While the village church belonged to the monastery of Payerne
Payerne
Payerne is a municipality in the Swiss canton of Vaud. It was the seat of the district of Payerne, and is now part of the district of Broye-Vully....
in the 13th century, the village itself belonged to local gentry, and became part of the fiefdom of the lords of Gex in the 14th century. With this is followed the changeable history of the Pays de Gex in which it was finally ceded from the Dukes of Savoy to France in the Treaty of Lyon
Treaty of Lyon
The Treaty of Lyon may refer to:* The Treaty of Lyon , in which Louis XII of France cedes Naples to Ferdinand II of Aragon* The Treaty of Lyon , in which Henry IV of France cedes Saluzzo to Savoy in exchange for Bresse, Bugey, Valromey, and Gex...
in 1601.