Otto Bollinger
Encyclopedia
Otto Bollinger was a German pathologist born in Altenkirchen, Kusel
, Rhineland-Palatinate
.
In 1868, he obtained his doctorate at Berlin
, receiving his habilitation two years later. Afterwards he taught classes at the Tierärtzliche Hochschule in Zürich
, and in 1880 succeeded Ludwig von Buhl
(1816-1880) as professor of general pathology and pathological anatomy at the University of Munich.
In 1891, Bollinger provided an early description of a delayed traumatic apoplexy
he called traumatische Spät-Apoplexie. Today this condition is called delayed traumatic intracerebral hematoma or (DTICH). His research was based on four patients who suffered a head injury, in which death occurred days to weeks later from an apoplectic event.
Bollinger had an extensive background in veterinary medicine
, and was known for his studies of rabies
and hydrophobia
in the days before the discovery of an anti-rabies vaccine
. In 1877, he described the etiologic agent of bovine actinomycosis
("lumpy jaw"), which was soon afterwards called actinomyces
bovis.
Bollinger is credited with describing the inclusion bodies found in tissue
cells in fowlpox
. These bodies contain the fowlpox virus
, and are now referred to as "Bollinger bodies". Another eponymous term named after him are "Bollinger granules", which are small yellowish-white granules that cluster, contain micrococci, and are seen in the granulation tissue of botryomycosis
.
Altenkirchen, Kusel
Altenkirchen is a municipality in the district of Kusel, in Rhineland-Palatinate, western Germany....
, Rhineland-Palatinate
Rhineland-Palatinate
Rhineland-Palatinate is one of the 16 states of the Federal Republic of Germany. It has an area of and about four million inhabitants. The capital is Mainz. English speakers also commonly refer to the state by its German name, Rheinland-Pfalz ....
.
In 1868, he obtained his doctorate at Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
, receiving his habilitation two years later. Afterwards he taught classes at the Tierärtzliche Hochschule in Zürich
Zürich
Zurich is the largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zurich. It is located in central Switzerland at the northwestern tip of Lake Zurich...
, and in 1880 succeeded Ludwig von Buhl
Ludwig von Buhl
Ludwig von Buhl was a German pathologist born in Munich.He studied medicine in Munich and Vienna, and in 1847 was habilitated as a lecturer of pathological anatomy and microscopy at the University of Munich. In 1850 he was appointed associate professor, and in 1854 he succeeded Karl Thiersch as...
(1816-1880) as professor of general pathology and pathological anatomy at the University of Munich.
In 1891, Bollinger provided an early description of a delayed traumatic apoplexy
Apoplexy
Apoplexy is a medical term, which can be used to describe 'bleeding' in a stroke . Without further specification, it is rather outdated in use. Today it is used only for specific conditions, such as pituitary apoplexy and ovarian apoplexy. In common speech, it is used non-medically to mean a state...
he called traumatische Spät-Apoplexie. Today this condition is called delayed traumatic intracerebral hematoma or (DTICH). His research was based on four patients who suffered a head injury, in which death occurred days to weeks later from an apoplectic event.
Bollinger had an extensive background in veterinary medicine
Veterinary medicine
Veterinary Medicine is the branch of science that deals with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease, disorder and injury in non-human animals...
, and was known for his studies of rabies
Rabies
Rabies is a viral disease that causes acute encephalitis in warm-blooded animals. It is zoonotic , most commonly by a bite from an infected animal. For a human, rabies is almost invariably fatal if post-exposure prophylaxis is not administered prior to the onset of severe symptoms...
and hydrophobia
Hydrophobia
Hydrophobia or hydrophobe may refer to:* Rabies, especially a set of symptoms of the later stages of an infection, in which the victim has difficulty swallowing, shows panic when presented with liquids to drink, and cannot quench his or her thirst....
in the days before the discovery of an anti-rabies vaccine
Vaccine
A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism, and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe or its toxins...
. In 1877, he described the etiologic agent of bovine actinomycosis
Actinomycosis
Actinomycosis is an infectious bacterial disease caused by Actinomyces species such as Actinomyces israelii or A. gerencseriae. It can also be caused by Propionibacterium propionicus, and the condition is likely to be polymicrobial aerobic anaerobic infection.Actinomycosis occurs rarely in humans...
("lumpy jaw"), which was soon afterwards called actinomyces
Actinomyces
Actinomyces from Greek "actino" that means mucus and fungus, is a genus of the actinobacteria class of bacteria. They are all Gram-positive and are characterized by contiguous spread, suppurative and granulomatous inflammation, and formation of multiple abscesses and sinus tracts that may...
bovis.
Bollinger is credited with describing the inclusion bodies found in tissue
Tissue (biology)
Tissue is a cellular organizational level intermediate between cells and a complete organism. A tissue is an ensemble of cells, not necessarily identical, but from the same origin, that together carry out a specific function. These are called tissues because of their identical functioning...
cells in fowlpox
Fowlpox
Fowlpox is a worldwide disease of poultry caused by viruses of the family Poxviridae and the genus Avipoxvirus. The viruses causing fowlpox are distinct from one another but antigenically similar, possible hosts including chickens, turkeys, quail, canaries, pigeons, and many other species of...
. These bodies contain the fowlpox virus
Virus
A virus is a small infectious agent that can replicate only inside the living cells of organisms. Viruses infect all types of organisms, from animals and plants to bacteria and archaea...
, and are now referred to as "Bollinger bodies". Another eponymous term named after him are "Bollinger granules", which are small yellowish-white granules that cluster, contain micrococci, and are seen in the granulation tissue of botryomycosis
Botryomycosis
Botryomycosis; also known as bacterial pseudomycosis is a rare chronic granulomatous bacterial infection that affects the skin, and sometimes the viscera.Botryomycosis has been known to affect humans, horses, cattle, swine, dogs and cats.-History:...
.